Original Oratory Original Persuasive Speaking. What it is… An Original Oratory is an original persuasive speech that brings awareness to a situation or.

Original Oratory

Original Persuasive Speaking

What it is…• An Original Oratory is an original

persuasive speech that brings awareness to a situation or a plea to fix a problem.

• Your opinion is allowed in this speech

• Your opinion is backed up by references

Rules and Regulations

• Speech should be 8-10 minutes in length.

• Must be typed – 12pt, Times New Roman, double spaced

• Must not quote more than 150 words total

• All quotes need to be highlighted

• Paraphrasing of material is allowed and not counted as a quote, but must give credit to avoid plagiarism

What topic to choose?• Try to pick a current worldly problem

• The more it hits home, the better off you will relate to your judge and audience

Topic

• Should be persuasive in nature, but needs to contain informative material:– Analysis– Statistics– Quotations

Your tie-in to the topic

• You should have some emotional attachment to the topic you choose

• Pick a topic that has a universal theme– In other words, something that will mean

something to your audience

Where to find topics

• Brainstorm

• Published lists of topics

• Listening to other speeches

• Magazine sources

• Books

• Other Media

Checklist

• Is my topic unique enough to be competitive?

• Is my approach to my topic different than others have been?

• Is my topic a persuasive topic rather than only informative?

• Do I believe in my topic?

• Will ALL my audience be interested in my topic?

Researching

• Use primary sources

• If using the internet:– Check for accuracy and authenticity

Gathering Incidental Information

• Humor – Humor should be of different types– Variety keeps the audiences attention

Types of Humor

• Story or personal experience

• Exaggerations

• Understatements

• Twisted definitions called daffynitions

• Puns

• Parody

• Misunderstandings

Philosophical Quotations

• Oxford dictionary of quotations

• Dictionary of quotations

• Look online for quotations by Philosophers, Presidents

• Look for witty quotations

Other Examples

• Historical Examples

• Definitions

• Specialized sources

Checklist• Am I using a variety of primary sources in my

research?• Have I double checked the credibility?• Have I used an adequate mix of incidental

information?• Are there philosophical quotations which fit my

speech?• Are there any historical examples which fit my

topic?• Have I defined all the important terms or

concepts?• Are my notes in a form usable to me?

Organization• There are several designs to create an

organization.

• Organization will help your audience keep up with your thoughts

• If your speech “flows” well, you have more of a sympathetic ear from your audience.

The Dewey Problem-Solving Method

• Intro that catches attention and includes a specific purpose statement (thesis).

• Define and discuss the problem. Present proof that the problem exists and show its impacts and ramifications.

• Suggest possible solutions• Evaluate possible solutions showing the

advantages and disadvantages of each.• Advocate the best solution• Conclusion – tell the audience how they can

help enact the advocated solution

Personal Problem Outline

• Introduction and thesis• Justify why the audience needs to listen by

presenting examples of problems and impacts• Personalize to self. Show how the topic

effects the speakers own life through example and exposition

• Personalize to the audience. Show how the problem affects the audience.

• Reinforce significance of the problem• Present which actions can be taken• Summary with tie-back to introduction

Wheel, Turn, or Flip Outline• Introductions which is extemely funny

• Wheel or turn – this is no laughing matter

• Horror stories to prove the extent of the problem – either serious or funny. Spend about 1/3 of your speech on this.

• State harms from your subject

• Present the solution– Public or private solution

• Conclusion presents the consequences of listeners failure to act

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

• Attention step – gain the attention and express the purpose

• Need step – prove the problem exists

• Satisfaction – present a solution

• Visualization – show the audience the benefits of solving the problem– Negative: problem w/o proposed solution– Positive: w/ proposed solution– Neg/Pos. – show negative and then positive

• Action step – tell audience what they can do to help the problem

Five-step Formula• Make contact with the listener

• Justification

• Subject text/thesis

• Establish belief

• Application

• Example: F.D.R.’s “Declaration of War” Speech– http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/

fdrpearlharbor.htm

Combination Model

• Attention-getting step

• Present solution

• Explain the problem– Include existing conditions, principle causes– Build to climax so that highest emotional point

precedes solution

• Conclusion

• Reaffirm central theme

• Build higher emotional plane

Checklist

• Have I looked at several different types of introductions?

• Have I selected a type or types of introductions that fit my speech well?

• Will my intro grab the attention of the audeience?• Will the audience be able to tell the topic from the

intro?• Can I make a positive impression with this intro?• Is my intro long enough?• Have I avoided being overdramatic in my intro?• Have I avoided misleading my audience with my intro?

Conclusions

• 3 don’ts– Draw out the ending of the speech– Present an anticlimax– Repeat the obvious

• 3 functions– Summarize– Positive impression– To end the speech

Types of Conclusions

• Quotation• Refer to the introduction• Direct audience action – appeal• Visualization• Analogy• Question• Humor• Story

Checklist

• Have I looked at several possible conclusions?

• Does my conclusion I have chosen provide enough summary?

• Does this conclusion leave a positive impression with the audience?

• Have I avoided a run-on or anticlimactic conclusion?

Supporting Material

• Personal experience• Stories• Examples• Analogy• Repitition and restatement• Quotations• Statistics or study• Definition• Description, explanation, imagery• Paradox

Checklist

• Have I used several different types of supporting material in the body of my speech?

• Is my speech over-evidenced?• Are there assertions in my speech which the

audience will have a hard time accepting without evidence?

• Have I responded to listeners in regards to supporting material?

• Have I provided credible sources for my support?

Writing the Oration

• Make a working outline• Rough Draft• Revisions• Use Oratory language

– Clarity– Appropriateness– Dynamics

• Imagery• personification

Checklist

• Does a word/phrase or sentence outline fit my personal style best?

• Is my outline complete?

• Is my language simple, concrete, and accurate?

• Is my language appropriate to my topic? To my audience?

• Is my language forceful and original?

• Have I revised my speech recently?

• Am I constantly looking to improve my speech?

• Am I listening closely enough to trusted critics?

Delivery

• Be sincere• Be spontaneous sounding even through it is

memorized and rehearsed• Posture – stand up straight without being stiff• Movement – plan movements to each main point• Gestures – should be planned and practiced• Eye Contact!!!!• Conversational tone

Checklist• Am I working to sound sincere as I

practice and present my speech?• Does my speech sound spontaneous even

though it is well rehearsed?• Am I using feedback from the critics and

video to improve posture, movement, and gestures?

• Are my gestures meaningful?• Am I comfortably looking at my audience?

Examples to watch

• http://nfltv.org/2010/02/24/1988-nashville-nationals/

• http://nfltv.org/2010/01/05/1991-glenbrooks-nationals/

• http://nfltv.org/2010/01/27/1990-san-jose-nationals/