Orientation Wires Cables Session

WIRES & CABLES: WIRES & CABLES: WIRES & CABLES: WIRES & CABLES: APPLICATIONS ON LOW APPLICATIONS ON LOW APPLICATIONS ON LOW APPLICATIONS ON LOW

SEMINAR #: ____ _____ SEMINAR #: ____ _____ SEMINAR #: ____ _____ SEMINAR #: ____ _____ ---- ________________________________

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APPLICATIONS ON LOW APPLICATIONS ON LOW APPLICATIONS ON LOW APPLICATIONS ON LOW VOLTAGE FEEDERS & VOLTAGE FEEDERS & VOLTAGE FEEDERS & VOLTAGE FEEDERS & BRANCH CIRCUITSBRANCH CIRCUITSBRANCH CIRCUITSBRANCH CIRCUITS

A TYPICAL LARGEA TYPICAL LARGEA TYPICAL LARGEA TYPICAL LARGECORPORATE OFFICE BUILDINGCORPORATE OFFICE BUILDINGCORPORATE OFFICE BUILDINGCORPORATE OFFICE BUILDING

I: GENERAL I: GENERAL I: GENERAL I: GENERAL ORIENTATION ORIENTATION ORIENTATION ORIENTATION

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ORIENTATION ORIENTATION ORIENTATION ORIENTATION ON BUILDING & ON BUILDING & ON BUILDING & ON BUILDING &

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL WIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLES

GENERAL ORIENTATION GENERAL ORIENTATION GENERAL ORIENTATION GENERAL ORIENTATION ON BUILDING & ON BUILDING & ON BUILDING & ON BUILDING &

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL WIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLES

Building Wires in the Philippines are Building Wires in the Philippines are Building Wires in the Philippines are Building Wires in the Philippines are

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Building Wires in the Philippines are Building Wires in the Philippines are Building Wires in the Philippines are Building Wires in the Philippines are usually rated at 600 v which include:usually rated at 600 v which include:usually rated at 600 v which include:usually rated at 600 v which include:

THESE ARE ALL THESE ARE ALL THESE ARE ALL THESE ARE ALL BASICALLY BASICALLY BASICALLY BASICALLY

THERMOPLASTIC THERMOPLASTIC THERMOPLASTIC THERMOPLASTIC INSULATEDINSULATEDINSULATEDINSULATED

Common in the Common in the Common in the Common in the Common in the Common in the Common in the Common in the Philippines are: Philippines are: Philippines are: Philippines are: Philippines are: Philippines are: Philippines are: Philippines are:

TW, THW, THHN TW, THW, THHN TW, THW, THHN TW, THW, THHN TW, THW, THHN TW, THW, THHN TW, THW, THHN TW, THW, THHN

TW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHN building wires building wires building wires building wires are used in residential, are used in residential, are used in residential, are used in residential,

commercial and industrial commercial and industrial commercial and industrial commercial and industrial buildings for generalbuildings for generalbuildings for generalbuildings for general----purpose purpose purpose purpose

power, lighting, appliance, motor power, lighting, appliance, motor power, lighting, appliance, motor power, lighting, appliance, motor

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power, lighting, appliance, motor power, lighting, appliance, motor power, lighting, appliance, motor power, lighting, appliance, motor circuits & sometimes in controls circuits & sometimes in controls circuits & sometimes in controls circuits & sometimes in controls

applications.applications.applications.applications.

TW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHN

� The The The The “T”“T”“T”“T” in these wire designations stands in these wire designations stands in these wire designations stands in these wire designations stands

for for for for thermoplastic thermoplastic thermoplastic thermoplastic insulationinsulationinsulationinsulation, , , ,

� The The The The “H”“H”“H”“H” for for for for heat resistantheat resistantheat resistantheat resistant,,,,

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� The The The The “H”“H”“H”“H” for for for for heat resistantheat resistantheat resistantheat resistant,,,,

� The The The The “N”“N”“N”“N” for for for for nylonnylonnylonnylon,,,,

� The The The The “W”“W”“W”“W” stands for stands for stands for stands for waterwaterwaterwater----resistantresistantresistantresistant....

�� TW (60 deg C):TW (60 deg C):TW (60 deg C):TW (60 deg C):TW (60 deg C):TW (60 deg C):TW (60 deg C):TW (60 deg C): Thermoplastic, Water-Resistant

�� THW (75 deg C):THW (75 deg C):THW (75 deg C):THW (75 deg C):THW (75 deg C):THW (75 deg C):THW (75 deg C):THW (75 deg C): Thermoplastic, HeatThermoplastic, HeatThermoplastic, HeatThermoplastic, Heat----Resistant, WaterResistant, WaterResistant, WaterResistant, Water----ResistantResistantResistantResistant

�� THHN (90 deg C):THHN (90 deg C):THHN (90 deg C):THHN (90 deg C):THHN (90 deg C):THHN (90 deg C):THHN (90 deg C):THHN (90 deg C): Thermoplastic High HeatThermoplastic High HeatThermoplastic High HeatThermoplastic High Heat----Resistant, Nylon CoatedResistant, Nylon CoatedResistant, Nylon CoatedResistant, Nylon Coated

�� THWN (75 deg C):THWN (75 deg C):THWN (75 deg C):THWN (75 deg C):THWN (75 deg C):THWN (75 deg C):THWN (75 deg C):THWN (75 deg C): Thermoplastic High Thermoplastic High Thermoplastic High Thermoplastic High WaterWaterWaterWater----resistant, Nylon Coatedresistant, Nylon Coatedresistant, Nylon Coatedresistant, Nylon Coated

TW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHN wires wires wires wires may be installed may be installed may be installed may be installed in conduits, duct, in conduits, duct, in conduits, duct, in conduits, duct, wirewayswirewayswirewayswireways or other or other or other or other raceways, but raceways, but raceways, but raceways, but not on cable traysnot on cable traysnot on cable traysnot on cable trays....

TW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHN cablescablescablescables are suitable in are suitable in are suitable in are suitable in conduits, duct or conduits, duct or conduits, duct or conduits, duct or cable tray usecable tray usecable tray usecable tray use....

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conduits, duct or conduits, duct or conduits, duct or conduits, duct or cable tray usecable tray usecable tray usecable tray use....

Cables for use on cable trays may be Cables for use on cable trays may be Cables for use on cable trays may be Cables for use on cable trays may be identified with the optional UL marking identified with the optional UL marking identified with the optional UL marking identified with the optional UL marking

“For CT Use”.“For CT Use”.“For CT Use”.“For CT Use”.

TW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHN wires may be wires may be wires may be wires may be installed in conduits, duct, installed in conduits, duct, installed in conduits, duct, installed in conduits, duct,

wirewayswirewayswirewayswireways or other raceways, but or other raceways, but or other raceways, but or other raceways, but not on cable traysnot on cable traysnot on cable traysnot on cable trays....

Cable TraysCable TraysCable TraysCable Trays as Ladder or Troughas Ladder or Troughas Ladder or Troughas Ladder or Troughtypes are for cables,types are for cables,types are for cables,types are for cables, NOTNOTNOTNOT for wires.for wires.for wires.for wires.

TW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHN cables are suitable in cables are suitable in cables are suitable in cables are suitable in conduits, duct or conduits, duct or conduits, duct or conduits, duct or cable tray usecable tray usecable tray usecable tray use. . . .

Cable TraysCable TraysCable TraysCable Trays as Ladder or Troughas Ladder or Troughas Ladder or Troughas Ladder or Troughtypes are for cables,types are for cables,types are for cables,types are for cables, not for wires.not for wires.not for wires.not for wires.

TW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHNTW, THW, THHN cables are suitable in cables are suitable in cables are suitable in cables are suitable in conduits, duct or conduits, duct or conduits, duct or conduits, duct or cable tray usecable tray usecable tray usecable tray use. . . .

When can a When can a wire be called, wire be called,

a a Cable?Cable?

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a a Cable?Cable?

�� If an ordinary wire (TW, THW or THHN) If an ordinary wire (TW, THW or THHN) If an ordinary wire (TW, THW or THHN) If an ordinary wire (TW, THW or THHN) If an ordinary wire (TW, THW or THHN) If an ordinary wire (TW, THW or THHN) If an ordinary wire (TW, THW or THHN) If an ordinary wire (TW, THW or THHN) is is is is is is is is 1/0 AWG (50 mm2) and larger1/0 AWG (50 mm2) and larger1/0 AWG (50 mm2) and larger1/0 AWG (50 mm2) and larger1/0 AWG (50 mm2) and larger1/0 AWG (50 mm2) and larger1/0 AWG (50 mm2) and larger1/0 AWG (50 mm2) and larger then it then it then it then it then it then it then it then it becomes a cable. becomes a cable. becomes a cable. becomes a cable. becomes a cable. becomes a cable. becomes a cable. becomes a cable.

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�� Smaller wires can qualify as cable if the same Smaller wires can qualify as cable if the same Smaller wires can qualify as cable if the same Smaller wires can qualify as cable if the same Smaller wires can qualify as cable if the same Smaller wires can qualify as cable if the same Smaller wires can qualify as cable if the same Smaller wires can qualify as cable if the same are in are in are in are in are in are in are in are in multimultimultimultimultimultimultimulti--------core construction.core construction.core construction.core construction.core construction.core construction.core construction.core construction. Thus, we have Thus, we have Thus, we have Thus, we have Thus, we have Thus, we have Thus, we have Thus, we have the sothe sothe sothe sothe sothe sothe sothe so--------called called called called called called called called ‘control cables’‘control cables’‘control cables’‘control cables’‘control cables’‘control cables’‘control cables’‘control cables’ or or or or or or or or ‘multi‘multi‘multi‘multi‘multi‘multi‘multi‘multi--------conductor conductor conductor conductor conductor conductor conductor conductor cables’.cables’.cables’.cables’.cables’.cables’.cables’.cables’.

�� Others with special construction such as:Others with special construction such as:Others with special construction such as:Others with special construction such as:Others with special construction such as:Others with special construction such as:Others with special construction such as:Others with special construction such as:‘welding cable’, ‘co‘welding cable’, ‘co‘welding cable’, ‘co‘welding cable’, ‘co‘welding cable’, ‘co‘welding cable’, ‘co‘welding cable’, ‘co‘welding cable’, ‘co--------axial cable’, ‘power cable’, axial cable’, ‘power cable’, axial cable’, ‘power cable’, axial cable’, ‘power cable’, axial cable’, ‘power cable’, axial cable’, ‘power cable’, axial cable’, ‘power cable’, axial cable’, ‘power cable’, etc.etc.etc.etc.etc.etc.etc.etc.

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CABLES GALORECABLES GALORECABLES GALORECABLES GALORE

FACTS ABOUT FACTS ABOUT FACTS ABOUT FACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLES

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SOME MEANINGS OF WIRE & SOME MEANINGS OF WIRE & SOME MEANINGS OF WIRE & SOME MEANINGS OF WIRE & CABLE DESIGNATIONSCABLE DESIGNATIONSCABLE DESIGNATIONSCABLE DESIGNATIONS

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FACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLESFACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLESFACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLESFACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLES

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NEC 2008 Edition

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FACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLESFACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLESFACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLESFACTS ABOUT WIRES & CABLES

� A wire with a combination “THHN/THWN” rating can be installed in 90°C dry or in 75°C wet locations. The “T” stands for Thermoplastic, the “H” for heat resistant, the “HH” as high heat resistant, the “N” for nylon. The “W” in the

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resistant, the “N” for nylon. The “W” in the designation stands for water-resistant.

� “THW-2” rated wire can be installed in both 90°C dry or wet locations. The “-2” is for a 90°C rating in both wet and dry locations.

NEC TABLE 310.16 NEC TABLE 310.16 NEC TABLE 310.16 NEC TABLE 310.16

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EUROPEAN LV EUROPEAN LV WIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLES

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�There is no such thing as “TW”, “THW” or “THHN” in Europe.

� In Europe, today’s common insulating

EUROPEAN LOW VOLTAGE EUROPEAN LOW VOLTAGE EUROPEAN LOW VOLTAGE EUROPEAN LOW VOLTAGE WIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLES

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� In Europe, today’s common insulating materials are:

� Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), � Polyethylene (PE),

� Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) � Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR).

� Smaller European wires & cables for low voltage branch circuits are predominantly using thermoplastics & rubber-plasticizer combinations in its

EUROPEAN LV WIRES EUROPEAN LV WIRES EUROPEAN LV WIRES EUROPEAN LV WIRES & CABLES& CABLES& CABLES& CABLES

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rubber-plasticizer combinations in its insulation and are generally called “PVC Insulated”.

� For low voltage feeder application, European installations go for PE, XLPEor EPR insulated cables rated at 1000V.


� In the Philippines, the minimum size of conductors for motor application is # 12 or 3.5 mm2. In Europe 1.5 mm2 is permitted for smallest household circuit and fractional

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smallest household circuit and fractional motors in industries.

� Single core conductors are usually not used in Europe for motor and control applications. Instead, multi-conductor cables are employed.

� It must be noted that there is no direct equivalent of the mm2 cross-sectional area of the conductor per Philippine manufactured wires or cables to the European cable sizing scheme.

STANDARDS IN EUROPEAN STANDARDS IN EUROPEAN STANDARDS IN EUROPEAN STANDARDS IN EUROPEAN LV WIRES & CABLESLV WIRES & CABLESLV WIRES & CABLESLV WIRES & CABLES

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scheme.

� In like manner that the ampacities of European cables are not same as the usual cabling practices of Filipino engineers.

COMPARISON OF WIRES & CABLES: PHILIPPINES Vs. EUROPEAN

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� Derating of ampacities in European cables are also of different parameters as the North American or Filipino practices.

� This is on top of the correction factors for

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� This is on top of the correction factors for ambient temperatures.

� Note that EU cable derating/correction as to ampacities are stricter than North American norms.

IMPORTANT !!!IMPORTANT !!!IMPORTANT !!!IMPORTANT !!!

� USA did not metricate their wires & cables. US cable manufacturers and the NEC maintained the AWG/KCMIL method of sizing.

� Although the Philippines is using American type cables, Philippine manufacturers and the

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type cables, Philippine manufacturers and the PEC did metricate the wires & cables.

� Care must be considered by the design engineer in referencing wire & cable sizes viz-a-viz ampacities, because they are not the same as with the Philippine-made cables.

COMPARISON: NORTH AMERICAN, PHILIPPINE COMPARISON: NORTH AMERICAN, PHILIPPINE COMPARISON: NORTH AMERICAN, PHILIPPINE COMPARISON: NORTH AMERICAN, PHILIPPINE & EUROPEAN MANUFACTURED CABLES & EUROPEAN MANUFACTURED CABLES & EUROPEAN MANUFACTURED CABLES & EUROPEAN MANUFACTURED CABLES

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STANDARD EUROPEAN LV WIRES & CABLESSTANDARD EUROPEAN LV WIRES & CABLESSTANDARD EUROPEAN LV WIRES & CABLESSTANDARD EUROPEAN LV WIRES & CABLES

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STANDARD STANDARD STANDARD STANDARD EUROPEAN LV EUROPEAN LV EUROPEAN LV EUROPEAN LV

WIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLESWIRES & CABLES

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END…END…END…END…

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THANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOU

THANK YOU

THANK YOU

Orientation Wires Cables Session

Documents

thhn cables

comparison of wires

thhn wires

ampacities of european

smaller wires

multiconductor cables

american type cables

epr insulated cables