Organizational Behavior ch 4 by Robbins

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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S

E L E V E N T H E D I T I O N

W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N S © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc.All rights reserved.

PowerPoint Presentationby Charlie Cook

Chapter 4

Personalityand Values

TWELFTH EDITION

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What is Personality?

Personality

The sum total of ways in which an individual reactsand interacts with others.

Personality TraitsEnduring characteristicsthat describe anindividual’s behavior. 

Personality

Determinants

• Heredity

• Environment

• Situation

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 

Personality Types

• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)

• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

 A personality test that taps four characteristics andclassifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.

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Myers-Briggs

SixteenPrimaryTraits

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The Big Five Model of Personality Dimensions

ExtroversionSociable, gregarious, and assertive

AgreeablenessGood-natured, cooperative, and trusting.

ConscientiousnessResponsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.

Openness to ExperienceImaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and intellectualism.

Emotional Stability

Calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed,and insecure (negative).

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Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Locus of control Machiavellianism

Self-esteem

Self-monitoring

Risk taking

Type A personality

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Locus of Control

Locus of ControlThe degree to which people believe theyare masters of their own fate.

InternalsIndividuals who believe that theycontrol what happens to them.

Externals

Individuals who believe thatwhat happens to them iscontrolled by outside forcessuch as luck or chance.

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Machiavellianism

Conditions Favoring High Machs

• Direct interaction

• Minimal rules and regulations

• Emotions distract for others

Machiavellianism (Mach)

Degree to which an individual is pragmatic,maintains emotional distance, and believesthat ends can justify means.

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Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring

Self-Esteem (SE)Individuals’ degree of likingor disliking themselves.

Self-Monitoring

 A personality trait that measuresan individuals ability to adjusthis or her behavior to external,

situational factors.

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Risk-Taking

High Risk-taking Managers – Make quicker decisions

 – Use less information to make decisions

 – Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurialorganizations

Low Risk-taking Managers

 –  Are slower to make decisions

 – Require more information before making decisions

 – Exist in larger organizations with stable environments

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Personality TypesType A’s 

1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;

2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;

3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;

4. cannot cope with leisure time;

5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in

terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.

Type B’s 

1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its

accompanying impatience;

2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievementsor accomplishments;

3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their 

superiority at any cost;

4. can relax without guilt.

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Personality Types

Proactive Personality

Identifies opportunities,shows initiative, takesaction, and perseveres

until meaningful changeoccurs.

Creates positive changein the environment,

regardless or even inspite of constraints orobstacles.