Organization of the Human Body Chapter 1
Jan 29, 2016
Main Life ProcessesMetabolismSum of chemical
processes occurring in body
ResponsivenessDetect and respond to
changes in environment
GrowthAn increase in size or
number of cells
MovementMotion of whole body,
individual organs, single cells, etc
DifferentiationUnspecialized cells become specialized
ReproductionFormation of new
cells or production of new individual
Homeostasis
- Maintenance of relatively stable body conditions
- Internal environment remains constant despite changing external environment
- Homeostatic Mechanisms:- Nervous system nerve impulses- Endocrine system hormones
Negative Feedback System-Heart Rate
↑ Blood Pressure
About to give a presentation
Baroreceptors in blood vessels
↓ Heart Rate ↑ Heart Rate (Imbalance)
Heart Rate Normal ( In Homeostasis)
Positive Feedback System-Giving Birth
Cervix Dilated (Imbalance)
Cervix Opening Normal ( In Homeostasis)
Cervix Receptors Smooth Muscle
Receptors
Factors That Influence Homeostasis- Environment
- Toxic substances (ex: pollution, venomous bites, poisons, etc)- Temperature
- Behavior- Eating habits- Thoughts- Exercise
- Genetics- Hemophilia- Congenital heart defects
- Age- Decreased production of hormones- Decreases lung capacity- Decreased kidney and digestive function
Talking About the Body—Body Regions
1)Head2)Neck3)Trunk4)Upper Limb5)Lower Limb
*Anatomical Position: standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms facing forward
Talking About the Body—Planes and Sections
-Sagittal Plane: divides left and right-Frontal Plane: divides front and back
-Transverse Plane: divides upper and lower -Oblique Plane: divides at an angle
Body Cavities
1. Several body cavities & layers of membranes within cavities- Spaces within the body that surround organs
2. Variety of organs and organ systems within cavities (VISCERA = internal organs. "Visceral organs")
Body Cavities
- Cranial Cavity- Vertebral Cavity
- Thoracic Cavity - Pleural Cavity - Pericardial Cavity - Mediastinum
- Abdominopelvic Cavity - Abdominal Cavity - Pelvic Cavity