Organization of Life
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Organization of Life
Review:
What makes something living?
Non-living?
Living?
Living things grow. Living things consume materials used to build new structures or replace damaged parts.
Living things reproduce. Most living things make copies similar to themselves. One-celled organisms make exact copies of themselves by binary fission.
Living things respond to their environment. Living things respond to light, food temperature, etc. The ability to change makes living things able to survive.
Living things are organized. The cell is the basic unit of organization in living things. One-celled organisms contain all the structures needed to survive.
WHAT ELSE?
What makes something living? (review)
Abiotic vs. Biotic
Living or Non-living?
Classification
● Classification system used today is based on characteristics organisms have in common
● This is called Taxonomy
● The system we use today begins
with three Domains
The 6 Kingdoms (Major groups of living things)
Bacteria - Eubacteria
Archae - Archaeabacteria
PROKARYOTES
Protists - Protisa
Plants - Plantae
Fungi - Fungi
Animals - Animalia
EUKARYOTES
Note: the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles (ie. nucleus), while the prokaryotes do not.
● There are 7 levels to classification (after living/non-living and domains)
It’s easier to remember the order if you create a menomic!
Be creative with it!
Human = Homo sapiens
The scientific name is always Genus species.
When typing - use italicsWhen handwriting - underline
Genus is always capitalized while species never is
An organism that can interbreed with one another to produce fertile offspring
Dichotomous Keys
● Dichotomous keys help us classify living things!
● Yes or no answers narrow down the organism
Create a Dichotomous Key Individually, create a dichotomous key to classify the following:
Textbook Questions:
Page 527……………1-3Page 540 …………...2,3
Why do we classify things?
Which two organisms are more closely related?
Killer Whale
K - Animals
P - Chordata
C - Mammals
O - Cetacea
F - Delphinidae
G - Orcinus
S - orca
Red Wolf
K - Animals
P - Chordata
C - Mammals
O - Carnivora
F - Canidae
G - Canis
S - vulpes
Polar Bear
K - Animals
P - Chordata
C - Mammals
O - Carnivora
F - Ursidae
G - Ursus
S - arctos
https://www.evogeneao.com/explore/tree-of-life-explorer
Fish Key Activity!
Unicellular OrganismsUnicellular organisms are made up of only one cell.
These organisms still perform all of the necessary life functions including:
Eating Food
Removing Waste
Growing
Making Energy
Moving Around
Reproducing
OL1 c
Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria)
- Do not have a nucleus- Found in environments where extreme conditions exist
- Ie. Thermophiles live in places where the temperature is extremely hot
- Ie. Halophiles are found in high salt environments- Ie. methanogens break down organic materials and release methane.
Found in anaerobic environments.
COWS
Archaea: Methanogens: Case Study
Methanogens, Cattle & Global Warming
Create an argument either for the continuation of increased cattle production or against the continuation of increased cattle
production. Your argument/explanation must include how methanogens are involved in the creation of methane gas, how cow
digestion works and how cows release methane gas. Your argument must also include at least 5 valid supporting points that help to
make your point. There are points that you can take from the videos that we watch – so make some notes while you watch. You will be
right either way you argue it – as long as you support your argument!
Kingdom Eubacteria (bacteria)
- Bacteria are single celled organisms
- No nucleus- Can be rod, spiral or sphere
shaped- Move via cilia or flagella
Paenibaccillus
Kingdom Protista - Paramecium
- Unicellular and found in pond water
- Have cilia
Kingdom Protista - Amoeba
- Unicellular- Flexible arms calls pseudopods
for reaching/grabbing food-
Kingdom Protista -
- Unicellular- Have flagellum for motility- Have chloroplasts
Kingdom Protista - DinoflagellatesA group of unicellular organism found in pond water belonging to Kingdom Protista.
Features:
- Have a flagellum for motility.- Some are capable of
bioluminescence.- Some are parasites on fish or
other protists.- Responsible for “red tide”.
Evolution of the Cell Wall
- Some organisms adapted to have rigid cell walls - Why?- Structural support- Protection from predators
- Cell walls in plants are made up of Cellulose
- In fungi, cell walls are composed of Chitin
- Some bacteria have cell walls, and they are mainly composed of peptidoglycan
Related Documents
