Organised by: Local Organising committee · Shaping the future of metropolitan cities: theories and practices Welcome and brief synopsis of the first conference day Regional design

The conference is founded by:

Scientific committee: Valeria Lingua & Giuseppe De Luca (University of Florence, Italy), Wil Zonneveld & Verena Balz (Delft University of Technology, Netherlands), Alain Thierstein & Lukas Gilliard (Munich Uni-versity of Technology, Germany)

Organised by: University of Florence, Department of Architecture, Regional Design Lab, with the support of: Delft University of Techno-logy (Netherlands), Munich University of Technology (Germany), MIUR - Ministry of Education, University and Research (SIR programme), Metropolitan City of Florence, Fondazione Architetti Firenze, Ordine degli Architetti, Pianificatori, Paesaggisti e Conservatori della provincia di Firenze, INU - Italian National Institute of Planning

Local Organising committee: Valeria Lingua, Raffaella Fucile, Luca Di Fi-glia, University of Florence; Lara Fantoni, Metropolitan City of Florence

Info: [email protected]

Wi-fi credentials in Medici Riccardi Palace: SHAPING-REGIONAL-FUTURES (network)srf-2017 (password)

SHAPING REGIONAL FUTURESDesigning and visioning in governance rescaling

The conference SHAPING REGIONAL FUTURES: DESIGNING AND VISIONING IN GOVERNANCE RESCALING discusses the role of regional design and visioning in the formation of regional territorial governance. The conference aims at an increased understanding of how practices, engaged with the imagination of possible futures, support the creation of of institutional capacity for strategic spatial planning at regional scales.

Governance rescaling in spatial planning is about shifts in organisational and institutional structures that are the result of a search for efficiency, effective-ness and legitimation in planning. Such processes of rescaling take place in many European countries and find different expression: the amalgamation of municipalities, the definition of new urban/metropolitan authorities and the emergence of new commitments to co-operate in planning, for instance. Re-scaling of governance has generated considerable debate, particularly in me-tropolitan regions, leading to a wide set of questions. Who is best equipped for regional planning? How can planning actions across administrative boundaries be motivated? How can they be legitimated?

Regional design concerns the imagination of spatial solutions for problems in particular regions and the use of these visions, even in the form of metaphors, for planning purposes. Both processes are deeply engaged with specific spatial environments and their distinct geographies. Both processes have territorial implications. They challenge formal planning by leading to the definition and re-definition of boundaries, often around non-statutory areas.

Focus of the conference SHAPING REGIONAL FUTURES is the role of designing and visioning in processes of governance rescaling. It investigates two preposi-tions: 1) by recognising and understanding spatial dynamics within metropoli-tan regions, regional design and visioning, connecting administrative bounda-ries; 2) the imagination of possible spatial futures through regional design and visioning contributes to shared planning agendas which seek connect broader planning objectives with concrete spatial interventions.

Discussion around these two prepositions is expected to lead to a more pro-found understanding of how design, visioning and governance rescaling are interrelated. Practices of regional design and visioning differ across Europe-an regions depending on planning cultures and planning systems as well as shared histories of regional governance and capacity building. This is why the conference seeks a comparative perspective: a variety of governance rescaling processes and of design and visioning practices are discussed.

Day 1 – 18th May 2017Metropolitan cities in the context of governance rescaling

Participant registration

Welcome and Introduction Valeria Lingua, Assistant professor of Urban & Regional Planning, Department of Architecture, University of FlorenceMarco Bindi, Vice-President (Pro-Rettore) of the University of FlorenceSaverio Mecca, Dean of the Department of Architecture, University of FlorencePietro Rubellini, Director of the Metropolitan City of FlorenceAndrea Simoncini, Professor of Constitutional Law, University of Floren-ce, Coordinator of the Strategic Plan for the Metropolitan City of FlorenceSilvia Viviani, President of National Town Planning Institute (INU)Roberto Masini, President of the Association of Architects Planners, Lan-dscape architects and Conservators of the Metropolitan City of Florence Regional design and visioning in governance rescalingChair: Giuseppe De Luca, Associate professor of Urban & Regional Plan-ning, Department of Architecture, University of Florence

Introduction: visioning and designing in interactive governance, between soft and hard spaces for planning.Valeria Lingua, University of FlorencePrepositions: Enhancing governance capacity in metropolitan regions through regional design.Wil Zonneveld, Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Delft Universi-ty of TechnologyThe renaissance of big plans. The role of regional designAlain Thierstein, Professor of Urban Development, Faculty of Architectu-re, Munich University of Technology

Coffee Break

The context: Governance rescaling across EuropeChair: Valeria Lingua, University of Florence

Governance rescaling and strategic planning in EnglandGraham Haughton, Professor of Urban Planning, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of ManchesterTerritorial administrative organization and spatial planning from regional to soft spaces in PortugalJoão Pedro Costa and Cristina Cavaco, Assistant Professors of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, University of Lisbon

8.30 – 9.00

9.00 – 9.45

9.45 – 11.30

11.30 – 12.00

12.00 – 13.00

Lunch

Effects of governance rescaling in spatial planning practicesChair: Wil Zonneveld, Delft University of Technology

The strategic role of spatial planning in redefining scales and governan-ce structures in DenmarkDaniel Galland, Associate Professor of Urban & Regional Planning, De-partment of Development & Planning, Aalborg UniversityStrategic planning in Russia: From national to local government appro-achesLimonov Leonid, Director of ICSER “Leontief Centre”, NRU HSE, St. Petersburg, RussiaThe institutional reforms on spatial planning for French metropolitan cities and agglomerationsAnna Geppert, Professor of Urban & Regional Planning, University of Paris-Sorbonne, France. President of AESOP, the Association of Europe-an Schools of PlanningDiscussion

Coffee Break

Visioning in governance rescaling: Florence Chair: Saverio Mecca, University of Florence

IntroductionLuigi Dei, President (Rettore) of the University ofFlorence Dario Nardella, President of the Metropolitan City of FlorenceThe Metropolitan Strategic Plan and the Government Rescaling Andrea Simoncini, Professor of Constitutional Law University of Floren-ceRepresenting and communicating the metropolis: FlorenceFabio Lucchesi, Associate professor of Urban & Regional Planning, Uni-versity of Florence Metropolitan renaissance: A vision for Florence Metropolitan CityValeria Lingua, University of Florence

ConclusionValeria Lingua, University of Florence & Verena Balz, Chair of Spatial Planning & Strategy, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

13.00 – 14.30

14.30 – 16.00

16.00 – 16.30

16.30 – 18.00

18.00 – 18.30

Day 2 – 19th May 2017Shaping the future of metropolitan cities: theories and practices

Welcome and brief synopsis of the first conference dayRegional design and visioning: advancing theories Chair: Valeria Lingua, University of Florence

Regional design as a discretionary approach to planningVerena Balz, Chair of Spatial Planning & Strategy, Delft University of Technology, The NetherlandsHow regional designing affects spatial planningJ. Annet Kempenaar, Chair of Landscape Architecture, Wageningen University, The NetherlandsThe synthesising competencies of regional designersLukas Gilliard, Chair of Urban Development, Munich University of TechnologyDiscussionPrepositions, concerning roles of design and visioning in governance rescaling, from a theoretical perspective

Coffee break

Shaping regional futures through metaphorsChair: Giuseppe De Luca, University of Florence

The Ville Poreuse and the Horizontal MetropolisPaola Viganò, Professor of Urbanism & Urban Design, EPFL Lausanne, University of Venice IUAV Urbanizing in place – grounding regional design in a theory of urbani-zationMichiel Dehaene, Associate professor in Urban analysis and design, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, University of GentThe scale in-between and the Patchwork MetropolisCarlo Pisano, School of Architecture, University of CagliariDiscussionPrepositions, concerning roles of metaphors in governance rescalingLunch

9.30 – 11.00

9.00 – 9.30

11.00 – 11.30

11.30 – 13.00

13.00 – 14.30

Day 2 – 19th May 2017Shaping the future of metropolitan cities: theories and practices

Shaping regional futures: metropolitan visions and plans Chair: Alain Thierstein, TUMunichZurich Metropolitan visionsAnna Schindler, Head of Urban Development, City of Zurich Antwerp, City of TomorrowKatlijn Van der Veken, director of the Department of Urban Space, City of Antwerp, and Katrijn Apostel, project leader Strategic Struc-ture Plan of AntwerpThe vision for the general local plans of Kruja, Kurbin and Lezha in the framework of the Albanian Administrative-Territorial ReformRoberto Mascarucci, University of Chieti-Pescara, Charged of the general local plansDiscussion

Shaping regional futures: design approachesChair: Verena Balz, TUDelft Designing the ProcessJelte Boeijenga, reporter on Atelier Making Projects, independent researcher, planner and authorPalermo Mediterranean Gateway City Daniele Ronsivalle, University of Palermo, charged for the Strategic Plan for the metropolitan city of Palermo Munich Metropolitan CityAgnes Förster, Studio Stadt Region, MünchenDiscussion

Coffee break

ConclusionChair: Valeria Lingua & Giuseppe De Luca, University of Florence

Syntesis of case studies discussions - RoundtableConclusion

14.30 – 16.00

16.00 – 16.30

16.30 – 17.30

Day 1 18th May 2017

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Wil ZonneveldAlain Thierstein Anna GeppertGraham Haughton João Pedro Costa Cristina Cavaco Daniel Galland Limonov Leonid Luigi DeiMarco Bindi Saverio Mecca Pietro Rubellini Andrea Simoncini Valeria Lingua

Metropolitan cities in the context of governance rescaling

VISIONING AND DESIGNING IN INTERACTIVE GOVERNANCE, BETWEEN SOFT AND HARD SPACES FOR PLANNING

Valeria Lingua University of Florence, Department of Architecture, Regional Design [email protected]

Focus of the contribution are the forms and outcomes of cooperative spatial plan-ning practices at a supra-local level in Western and Southern Europe, where processes of governance rescaling are widespreading. These processes of governance rescaling challenge planning systems and practices conveying, in some cases, to the weakening of planning instruments (as Provincial Plans in Italy) or even to the abolition of a plan-ning level, as the regional one in England. In any case, a correspondent increasing de-velopment of planning practices across local boundaries is required: in a context of meta-governance, Governments expect Local Planning Authorities to undertake joint work on sub-regional planning issues. This conveys to processes of defining and re-defining sub-regional boundaries, calling for spatial visioning for non-statutory areas.

The contribution investigates processes of governance rescaling across Europe using the concept of interactive governance as the conceptual framework for analysing processes of interactions among statutory planning processes and soft spaces of go-vernance across local boundaries. In particular, focusing on the interrelation between images and instruments as elements of interactive governance, the research investiga-tes the interrelation among regional design, governance and planning.

In this framework, the author argues that visioning and regional design practices can matter both for shaping the boundaries of urban regions and for conceiving shared visions of their spatial development.

ReferencesAllmendinger, P, Haughton G, Knieling J and Othengrafen F (eds) (2015) Soft Spaces in Europe. Re-Negotiating Governance, Boundaries and Borders, Routledge, London.Balz V.E., Zonneveld W.A.M. (2014) “Regional Design in the Context of Fragmented Territorial Governance: South Wing Stu-dio”, European Planning Studies, online first, pp. 1-21.Thierstein A., Förster A. (2008), The Image and the Region. Making Mega-City Regions Visible! Lars Müller Publishers, Baden.Torfing J., Peters B.G., Pierre J., Sørensen E. (2012), Interactive governance. Advancing the paradigm, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

ENHANCING GOVERNANCE CAPACITY IN METROPOLITAN REGIONS THROUGH REGIONAL DESIGN

Wil ZonneveldDelft University of Technology, Delft, The [email protected]

Metropolitan regions nowadays straddle beyond the contours of the urban agglome-ration and – at least in Europe – often include entire clusters of cities and towns. To understand the structure of these regions is a difficult task, the governance is even more challenging. Regional design can play an important role here. A fundamental issue become then how to perceive regional design. The products of regional design – cartographies and underlying storylines – are not primarily meant to implement but provide arguments for intervention. The prime function is framing. To enable this re-gional design arena’s should stand in a loose connection with decision-making but ne-vertheless reach out to critical actors and stakeholder.

ReferencesBalz, V. & Zonneveld, W. (2015) Regional Design in the Context of Fragmented Territorial Governance: South Wing Studio, European Planning Studies, 23(5) pp. 871-891.Neuman, N. (2000) Regional design: Recovering a great landscape architecture and urban planning tradition, Landscape and Urban Planning, 47(3-4) pp. 115-128.Schön, D.A., Rein, M. (1994) Frame Reflection: Toward the Resolution of Intractable Policy Controversies, New York: Basic Books.

THE RENAISSANCE OF BIG PLANS. THE ROLE OF REGIONAL DESIGN

Alain ThiersteinTechnical University of Munich, Faculty of [email protected]

Regional design is to be considered as a valuable and effective complement to statuto-ry supra local spatial planning. Lack of vision of statutory planning may lie at the outset for the call for regional design, but such a strategy has to prove its ambition and deliver results. Regional design is so far not a fixed set of ‘ingredients’. We propose to consider as robust backbone six elements, which are apt to deliver the intended image: inter-scalarity, relational notion of space, impact orientation, futures-oriented thinking, stra-tegic orientation, debatability through visualization.

Orientation about intended alternative futures are to be discussed against the backdrop of structural spatial transformation. Spatial transformation is an evolutionary process that takes time. It represents not merely the physical and morphological transforma-tion of space, but encompasses also aspects related to functions and processes. Spatial transformation is the transformation of the intricate multi-scalar workings of morpho-logies, functions and processes. Regional Design thus helps profoundly to make visible und imaginable those changes. Multi-scalarity is necessary for analytic purposes; more importantly though it puts the consideration of the impact of spatial interventions at the forefront. Impact orientation means considering the impact of interventions on future developments. Impact can be experienced in the short-term, medium-term or long-term. Regional design thus can be regarded as contributing to a more widespread renaissance of big plans.

ReferencesAlaily-Mattar, Nadia, Alain Thierstein and Agnes Förster (2014): “Alternative futures”: A methodology for integrated sustai-nability considerations, the case of Nuremberg West, Germany. In: Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability 19(6), 677-701.Thierstein, Alain and Agnes Förster (eds.) (2008): The Image and the Region - Making Mega-City Regions Visible! Baden: Lars Müller Publishers.Wiese, Anne, Agnes Förster, Lukas Gilliard and Alain Thierstein (2014): A spatial strategy for the production of place in two German cities - Urban design interventions as a driver for spatial transformation. In: City, Territory and Architecture 1(13), 1-9.

GOVERNANCE RESCALING AND STRATEGIC PLANNING IN ENGLAND

Graham HaughtonUniversity of Manchester, UK [email protected]

This presentation will examine the evolution of city-regional planning for Greater Man-chester in England. The interest of this case is not so much the history, which is well known, and more the recent experience of moving towards planning once again at the city-regional scale. Manchester is central to the current English debates on devolution, emerging as a pioneer for new forms of city-regional governance. One of the innova-tions involved is the creation of an elected mayor at city region scale for the first time, with elections due in early May 2017. In 2016-2017 the publication of a draft Spatial Framework in advance of the Mayoral Elections provoked considerable public deba-te including many demonstrations against aspects of the plan. The plan quickly tur-ned political as mayoral hopeful were forced to respond to the public’s concerns. This presentation will focus on this period of Greater Manchester’s experimentation with doing planning differently, drawing on previous work on soft spaces (e.g Haughton et al 2010, Allmendinger et al 2015), recent work on Manchester’s devolution (Haughton et al 2016), and on-going research into the Spatial Framework

ReferencesAllmendinger, P, Haughton G, Knieling J and Othengrafen F (eds) (2015) Soft Spaces in Europe. Re-Negotiating Governance, Boundaries and Borders, Routledge, London.Haughton G, Allmendinger P, Counsell D, Vigar G (2010), The New Spatial Planning: soft spaces, fuzzy boundaries and terri-torial management, Routledge, London.Haughton, G, Deas, I, Hincks S, and Ward K (2016) Mythic Manchester: Devo Manc, the Northern Powerhouse and reba-lancing the English economy, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 9.2, 355-370 doi:10.1093/cjres/rsw004

TERRITORIAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION AND SPATIAL PLANNING FROM REGIONAL TO SOFT SPACES IN PORTUGAL

João Pedro CostaAssociate Professor at the University of Lisbon, Faculty of Architecture, [email protected]

Cristina CavacoAssistant Professor at the University of Lisbon, Faculty of Architecture, CIAUD [email protected]

Traditionally rooted in a Napoleonic legal and administrative tradition, Portugal has always balanced between a strong degree of centralization (strengthened by decades of dictatorship, but also by an enduring instability of the public finances and the na-tional economy) and a firm municipal tradition that dates back from medieval times. Strong linkages between the central and the local tiers of government have long been recognized. However, specific historical developments (such as the forty years of dic-tatorship, the reestablishment of democracy or the entry into the European Economic Community) have deflected the system into a number of variances towards either cen-tralism or municipalism, or even a mitigated regionalism, which have brought comple-xity into the system, including its administrative structure and territorial distribution of government powers.

With a specific insight into the case study of the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon, the paper aims to discuss how regionalism and new soft planning spaces have emerged and de-veloped over the background of Portugal’s territorial administrative organization and spatial planning system. Due to its exceptional position as the capital city and greater metropolitan area of the country, and often being at the forefront of the policy system as an experimental field for study and planning, the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon con-stitutes a good example to explore how the relationships between the different tiers of government, territorial scales and planning tools have evolved, as well as how hard spaces and traditional statutory planning have accommodated the rising up of new soft spaces very much embedded in the development of functional urban regions and new governance spaces.

Between 2013 and 2015, a new wave of reforms took place including changes in either the spatial planning policy or the administrative reconfiguration of local authorities, namely at the supra-municipal organization level, respective powers, tasks and respon-sibilities. Once again metropolitan areas are at the fore of the political debate. But rescaling movements seem to be short and ambiguous. Although the wording is very much in line with the European mainstream (decentralise responsibilities to the local level; harness inter-municipal efforts and capacities, namely in regard to mobility and the share of public facilities; reinforce integrated development-oriented approaches),

in practice changes are hardly able to meet the expected goals. The articulation betwe-en spatial planning and operational programming at the scope of European Structural Funds is also still far away from being accomplished. The paper intends to look into these latest developments with a particular insight at a metropolitan level.

ReferencesBarata Salgueiro, T., André, I., Brito-Henriques, E. (2015). “A Política de Cidades em Portugal: instrumentos, realizações e perspetivas” in Neto, P. e Serrano, M.M. (coord.) in Políticas Públicas, Economia e Sociedade. Contributos para a definição de políticas no período 2014-2020. Alcochete: Smartbook. pp.49-82Campos, V. e Ferrão, J. (2015). “O Ordenamento do Território em Portugal: uma perspetiva genealógica” in ICS Working papers. Lisboa: ICSCEC (Commission of the European Communities) (1997). The EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies. Luxembourg: European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European CommunitiesCEC (Commission of the European Communities) (2000). The EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies - Por-tugal. Luxembourg: European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European CommunitiesFarinós Dasí, J. (ed.) (2007). Governance of Territorial and Urban Policies from EU to Local Level. Final Report of ESPON Project 2.3.2, Eschsur Alzette, ESPON Coordination Unit.Ferrão, J. (2011). O Ordenamento do Território como Política Pública. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste GulbenkianFerrão, J. (coord.) et al. (2012). Regiões Funcionais, Relações Urbano-Rurais e Política de Coesão Pós-2013. Relatório Final. [Online] available at: http://www.qren.pt/np4/np4/?newsId=1334&fileName=regioes_funcionais.pdfFonseca Ferreira, A. (2005). Gestão Estratégica de Cidades e Regiões. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 3ª Edição re-vista e atualizada, 2015.Haughton, G. et al (2010). The New Spatial Planning. Territorial management with soft spaces and fuzzy boundaries. Oxon: RoutelegdeNewman, P. & Thorney, A. (1996). Urban Planning in Europe. International competition, national systems and planning projects. London & New York: RouteledgeOliveira, C. & Breda-Vásquez, I. (2010). “Contradictory rescaling: Confronting state restructuring and the building of newspa-tial policies” in European Urban and Regional Studies 17 (4). 401-415. SagePurkarthofer, E. (2016). “When soft planning and hard planning meet: Conceptualising the encounter of European, national and sub-national planning” in European Journal of Spatial Development. No61. May 2016Rosa Pires, A. (2005). “The Fragile Foundations of European Spatial Planning in Portugal” in European Planning Studies Vol. 13, No. 2, March 2005. Routledge

THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN REDEFINING SCALES AND GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES IN DENMARK

Daniel GallandAalborg University, [email protected]

Over the past two decades, spatial planning systems in Europe have become increasingly differentia-ted as regards their attempt to influence and shape spatial development processes. Their portrayal of discrete, permanent and fixed scales, conventionally depicted by nested hierarchies (i.e. municipal, regional and national) has long conflicted with processes of spatial transformation. On-going dynamics of territorial integration thereby demand reconsideration of spatial mismatches between the bounda-ries of administrative jurisdictions and the rather fluid territories of functional regions (Harvey, 1989; Keating, 1997).The grounds and motivations behind evolving conceptions of scale as well as representations of space portrayed in spatial plans and strategies need be reassessed in attempting to understand both resca-ling implications as well as the increasing differentiation of spatial planning roles across administrative levels in western European nation-states. In this respect, it is worth delving into how ‘fixed’ spatial plan-ning systems, based on conventional territorial scales, are instrumentally reinterpreted to cope with current territorial dynamics. In contributing to on-going debates concerning contemporary rescaling processes, this paper centres on the case of Denmark, where spatial planning has been exposed to significant reorientations resulting in the redefinition and reinterpretation of territorial scales via the dual adoption and articulation of legal instruments and spatial strategies at different administrative levels (Galland 2012a, 2012b; Galland and Enemark 2013).The Danish case is analysed through: i) the strategic spatial role attributed to each level of planning; and ii) the redefinition of territorial scales as a result of changing political objectives and spatial relationships occurring between planning levels. The assessment pertaining to the strategic role of spatial planning instruments as well as the evolving redefinition of territorial scales in Denmark suggests that the con-ventional, hierarchical ‘cascade-shaped’ ideal of policy implementation (the comprehensive-integrated approach to spatial planning) is clearly superseded. While the Danish spatial planning case converges with other European cases, the implications stemming from rescaling processes diverge given the sup-pression of the formal regional scale and the distinctive means to reassure a ‘vertical spatial anchor’ for the stability and permanence of power structures.

ReferencesGalland, D. (2012a) Understanding the reorientations and roles of spatial planning: The case of national planning policy in Denmark, European Planning Studies, 20(8), 1359-1392. Galland, D. (2012b) Is regional planning dead or just coping? The transformation of a state sociospatial project into growth-oriented strategies, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 30(3), 536-552. Galland, D & Enemark, S. (2013) Impact of structural reforms on planning systems and policies: Loss of spatial consciousness? European Journal of Spatial Development, 52, 1-23. Harvey, D. (1989) From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation in urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 71(1), 3–17. Keating, M. (1997) The invention of regions: political restructuring and territorial government in Western Europe. Envi-ronment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 15(4), 383–398.

STRATEGIC PLANNING IN RUSSIA: FROM NATIONAL TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT APPROACHES

Leonid Limonov ICSER “Leontief Centre”, NRU HSE, St. Petersburg, Russia [email protected]

Territorial strategic planning in post-soviet Russia started in 1997, when the first sub-national Strategic Plan for St Petersburg was approved.Since then most of the Russian regions and many municipalities developed and then updated their strategies. In 2014 the Federal Law on Strategic Planning was adopted, which made strategic planning at regional and lo-cal levels obligatory. Paradoxically, Russia still doesn’t have a Spatial Development Strategy at the national level, though a draft of such document is now under preparation and discussion. New Strategy of social and econo-mic development of the country is also now in preparation and soon should be presented by the Government.20 years of strategic planning experience in post-soviet Russia revealed a number of specific features and ge-neral problems:• Mechanism of implementation. In spite of the fact that according to the Federal Law the detailed plan of

activities should be included in the strategic planning documents, in practice this plan is often not coordi-nated with the budget and may be a subject of regular revisions. Strategies are often used mostly to justify inclusion in specific federal (or regional for municipalities) targeted programs.

• Strategic Plans usually more focused on economic and social development, then on spatial/territorial plan-ning. It is still a challenge how to ensure continuity of planning process from main strategic goals and priori-ties to the detailed master plans for particular areas.

• Coordination between regional and local plans is still an issue. According to federal recommendations such continuity of planning should be provided, but in practice preparation of strategic plans by regions and mu-nicipalities is not synchronised and may use different methodologies. As a result, the documents of different levels may be not compatible.

• Still a big problem is planning for metropolitan areas. Even for ones, located inside one region, cooperation of municipalities in planning and implementation is a big challenge. In cases of Moscow and St Petersburg the situation is more difficult, because most of their metropolitan area municipalities are located in nei-ghbour regions. For joint planning in this case some amendments of the federal Law is needed.

During my presentation more attention will be paid to two particular cases: strategic planning in St Petersburg.

ReferencesFederal Law № 172 (from the 28th of June 2014) “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federarion” - http://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=68617. Resource Centre for Strategic Planning - http://stratplan.ru (In Russian). Republic of Tatarstan Strategy for Social and Economic Development till 2030 - http://mert.tatarstan.ru/strategiyasotsialno-ekonomiche-skogo-razvitiya.htm (in Russian). Strategy of economic and social development of St. Petersburg until 2030 – http://cedipt.gov.spb.ru/media/acts/2015/12/09/Strategy_of_economic_and_social_development_of_St._Petersburg_until_2030.pdf. Limonov L. E. St. Petersburg Metropolitan Region: Problems of Planning Coordination and Spatial Development, in: ERSA conference pa-pers. Wien : European Regional Science Association, 2013. Limonov L. E. Suburban Development of St Petersburg: comparison of 2 subjects of Federation long-term visions, in: ERSA conference papers. Wien : European Regional Science Association, 2014.Limonov L. and Kauffmann A., Types of Demographic and Economic Development of Russian Cities in PostSoviet Period, in: ERSA conferen-ce papers. Wien : European Regional Science Association, 2014. Storper, M., Kemeny Th., Makarem, N., Osman, T. The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies, Stanford University Press, 2015.Zaucha, J., Swiatek, D., Stanczuk-Olejnik, K. Place-Based Territorially Sensitive and Integrated Approach, Ministry of Regional Development, Poland: Warsaw, 2013.

THE INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ON SPATIAL PLANNING FOR FRENCH METROPOLITAN CITIES AND AGGLOMERATIONS

Anna GeppertParis-Sorbonne [email protected]

Since 2015, France has re-designed the two levels which are competent for spatial plan-ning. On one hand, the pre-existing 22 regions have been merged in 13 larger ones, with a stronger competence in spatial planning and economic development. On the other hand, the level of municipal groupings, gathering in larger conglomerates the 36,000 existing municipalities, has been deeply reshaped, with enlarged perimeters and more competences. An additional type of municipal grouping has been established. Called “metropolis”, it may overtake responsibilities from other governmental tiers through tailor-made asymmetric devolutions of competences.

The rationale invoked for this series of institutional reforms tackles the challenges of globalization (support growth-and-jobs in metropolitan regions) and of efficient public spending (deliver services to the inhabitants at lower cost). The new institutional setting is also expected to improve regional planning policies, by concentrating decisional power at the actual metropolitan scale, across which people live and work.

But is big so beautiful? According to Neil Brenner, the rescaling of powers that occurred since the late 1970s in Western Europe follows a neo-liberal agenda by giving birth to a “transformed form of (national) capitalism, not to imply its erosion, withering or demise” (Brenner 2004: 4). The presentation will address this question. First, we will “set the sce-ne”, introducing the French institutional design and the metropolitan issue. Second, we will present the administrative reforms of the years 2010, 2014 and 2015. Finally, we will analyze the first outcomes of the process, which generates winners and losers.

ReferencesBrenner, N. (2004). New State Spaces. Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood. Oxford. Geppert, A. (2009): Polycentricity: can we make it happen? From a concept to its implementation. In: Urban Research and Practice 2, 3, 251-268. Geppert, A. (2014): France, drifting away from the “regional economic” approach. In: Reimer, M.; Getimis, P.; Blotevogel, H.H. (eds.): Spatial Planning Systems and Practices in Europe. A Comparative Perspective on Continuity and Changes. London, 109-126. Geppert, A. (2015): Planning without a spatial development perspective? The French case. In: Knaap, G.; NedovicBudic, Z.; Carbonell, A. (eds.): Planning for States and Nation/States: A TransAtlantic Exploration. Cambridge, MA, 381-410.Jouve, B.; Lefèvre, C. (eds.) (2004): Métropoles ingouvernables: les villes européennes entre globalisation et décentralisation. Paris. Motte, A. (ed.) (2007): Les agglomérations françaises face aux défis métropolitains. Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2014): OECD Regional Outlook 2014. Regions and Cities: Where Policies and People Meet. Paris. Rozenblat, C.; Cicille, P.; (2003): Les villes européennes: analyse comparative. La Documentation Française. Paris. Savitch, H.V.; Kantor, P. (2002): Cities in the International Marketplace: The Political Economy of Urban Development in North America and Western Europe. Princeton.

THE METROPOLITAN STRATEGIC PLAN AND THE GOVERNMENT RESCALING

Andrea SimonciniUniversity of [email protected]

On 1st Jan. 2015 a new institution, the metropolitan city, took its place among the Italian territorial authorities. Despite its incorporation in the Italian Constitution since 2001, the metropolitan city become a reality only when the national government carried out process of reform and transformation of Italian territorial government with Law No. 56 of 2014, transforming ten large cities and into metropolitan cities and depriving other intermediate governments (regions and provinces) of their fundamental competencies.

Metropolitan cities have now the opportunity of playing a central role in economic and social development, good governance and collaboration. These new institutions, in fact, have new competences that allow them to integrate metropolitan functions or to create new networks at the inter-municipal, national, and European level, involving a complex systems of actors and different forms of action, based on flexibility, partnership, volunta-ry participation, and, to some extent, competition.

The specific competence made available to Metropolitan Cities to reach these objects is the adoption of the three-year strategic plan. In particular, strategic plan represents a tool disciplined in Italy for the first time by juridical rules. However, this legal act is not regulated at length by legislator, so that every body should freely choose how to inflect it.

Metropolitan Cities have now to consider many variables to fill of contents the new fun-ction, taking regard of the principal experiences in past strategic planning (in Italy as in other legal systems), the more diffused scientific and theoretical interpretations, the le-gal rules adopted by each Region and by each Metropolitan City, especially in respective Charter of autonomy. Every strategic plan have to be adopted resorting to new forms of negotiated and participated practices and have to express the vision of how each Metro-politan City will conceive themselves in the next future. So it will be necessary that each Metropolitan City invents new forms of politics and governance also for the implementa-tion of strategic plans, always taking care of the characteristics of respective socio-econo-mic contest, enhancing at the same time effectiveness and democracy in terms of citizen and institutional participation.

ReferencesBaccetti, C. (2011). Italy. In: Heinelt, H. & Bertrana, X. (eds.) The Second Tier of Local Government in Europe. London-NY: Routledge.Bertuglia C.S., Rota F.S., Staricco L. (2004), Pianificazione strategica e sostenibilità urbana. Concettualizzazioni e sperimenta-zioni in Italia, Milano: FrancoAngeli. Bolgherini, S. (2014). Can Austerity Lead To Recentralisation? Italian Local Government During The Economic Crisis. South European Society and Politics, 19, 193-214.Bull, M. J., Rhodes, M. (1997). Between Crisis and Transition: Italian Politics in the 1990s. In: BULL, M. J. & RHODES, M. (eds.) Crisis and Transition in Italian Politics. Routledge.

Cangelli F. (2012), Piani urbanistici e piani strategici. Metodi di governo del territorio a confronto. Torino: Giappichelli.Caravita, B. (2013). Italy: Between the Hybrid State and Europe’s Federalizing Process. In: Loughlin, J., Kincaid, J. & Swenden, W. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Regionalism and Federalism Edited. London and New York: Routledge.Caretti, P., Tarli Barbieri, G. (2007). Diritto Regionale, Torino, Giappichelli.Dente, B. (1997). Sub-National Governments in the Long Italian Transition. West European Politics, 20, 176-193.Fedeli V., Gastaldi F. (eds.) (2004), Pratiche strategiche di pianificazione. Riflessioni a partire da nuovi spazi urbani in costru-zione. Milano: FrancoAngeli.Lippi, A. (2011). Evaluating the ‘Quasi Federalist’ Programme of Decentralisation in Italy Since the 1990s: a Side-Effect Appro-ach. Local Government Studies, 37, 495-516.Longo E., Mobilio M., (2016), Territorial government reforms at the time of financial crisis: the dawn of metropolitan cities in Italy. Regional & Federal Studies, 1-23.Mobilio G. (2017), Le Città metropolitane. Dimensione costituzionale e attuazione statutaria. Torino: Giappichelli.Perulli, G. (2015), Il Piano Strategico metropolitano. Torino: Giappichelli.Pizzetti, F. (2015), La riforma degli enti territoriali. Città metropolitane, nuove province e unione di comuni. Milano: Giuffrè.Pugliese F., Spaziante A. (eds.) (2003), Pianificazione strategica per le città: riflessioni dalle pratiche. Milano: FrancoAngeli.Salerno, G., Fabrizzi, F. (2014). La Riforma delle Autonomie Territoriali nella Legge Delrio, Napoli, Jovene.Simoncini, A., Mobilio, G. (2016). L’identità delle Città metropolitane attraverso i loro Statuti: sintomi di una sindrome «bipo-lare»?. Le Regioni, in corso di pubblicazione.Sterpa A. (eds) (2014), Il nuovo governo dell’area vasta. Commento alla legge 7 aprile 2014, n. 56. Napoli: Jovene.Vandelli L. (eds.) (2014), Città metropolitane, province, unioni e fusioni di comuni. La legge Delrio, 7 aprile 2014, n. 56 com-mentata comma per comma. Santarcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli.

REPRESENTING AND COMMUNICATING THE METROPOLIS: FLORENCE

Fabio LucchesiUniversity of Florence [email protected]

Maps and other cartographic representations are used to directly express spatial poli-cies, or to support verbal statements of policies. The visual illustration of spatial policy options through can be very powerful both in the planning process and in communica-ting the key messages of planning strategies.

Cartographic representations, and, in particular, those realized in support of spatial planning, have polysemic codes in the sense that they can transfer multiple levels of meaning. Maps are cultural objects and do not transmit purely denotative messages: every single sign has many meanings, sometimes different from those foreseen by the cartographer. Visual nature gives maps a connotative quality: they can generate fee-lings or emotions in the user, often dependent on culture.

The contribution intends to present a critical reading of the relationship between vi-sual variables, spatial policy options and communicative effectiveness of the carto-graphic and visual materials produced over the last decades to describe the visions of spatial solution for problems in Florence metropolitan area.

METROPOLITAN RENAISSANCE: A VISION FOR FLORENCE METROPOLITAN CITY

Valeria LinguaUniversity of Florence, Department of Architecture, Regional Design Lab [email protected]

Following the revision of the institutional system conveyed by Law 7 April 2014, n. 56, important changes are occurring to ten main Italian regional cities, obliged to form joint metropolitan city governments and to provide for strategic planning. Metropoli-tan Cities are now in the early stages of definition of their strategic plans and questions emerge about the dimensions and characteristics of the metropolitan area, as well as its image in the metropolitan community and Metropolitan City’s ambition and vision. A great need for regional design and visioning practices emerges, both to build up the urban region (from the administrative border to a collective identity), and to define a shared vision of its territorial development.

Focus of the paper is the process of definition of the Vision for the Metropolitan City of Florence. The forms of governance in place and the boundaries they assume are discussed, as well as the process of Regional Design that – through the shaping and discussion of targeted visions – is conveying to the definition of a shared vision.

The case of the strategic plan for the metropolitan city of Florence is presented as a vision-making process based on regional design theories, that conveyed to an appro-ach aimed at considering into a synergistic and integrated way two different design scales (macro and micro), with their projects and practices (stories). These resulted in questions of identities among the diverse territories within the metropolitan city (from the Chianti Shire to the Mugello’ region, passing through the Historic Centre of Floren-ce - UNESCO World Heritage Site), integration among city uses and users (inhabitants, tourists, city users and, more recently, migrants) and new forms of housing and li-ving (co-living, co-working). If the macro-stories are derived from statutory, traditional planning, micro-stories are related to the field of tactics, and became a fundamental element for achieving the three strategic visions of the plan, aimed to reach a new ‘metropolitan renaissance’.

The aim of the paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the way designing and visioning can enhance the process of strategic planning by shaping the boundaries of urban regions and conceive a shared vision for their spatial futures.

ReferencesBalz V.E., Zonneveld W.A.M. (2014) “Regional Design in the Context of Fragmented Territorial Governance: South Wing Stu-dio”, European Planning Studies, online first, pp. 1-21.Thierstein A., Förster A. (2008), The Image and the Region. Making Mega-City Regions Visible! Lars Müller Publishers, Baden.Secchi B. (2003), “Projects, Visions, Scenarios” in Planum. The Journal of Urbanism, Vol. 2(7), http://www.planum.net/projects-visions-scenarios

Day 2 19th May 2017

Paola ViganòMichiel DehaeneVerena BalzAnnet KempenaarLukas Gilliard Carlo PisanoAnna SchindlerKatlijn Van der VekenKatrijn Apostel Roberto MascarucciJelte BoeijengaDaniele RonsivalleAgnes Förster

Shaping the future of metropoli-tan cities: theories and practices

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

REGIONAL DESIGN AS A DISCRETIONARY APPROACH TO PLANNING

Verena BalzChair of Spatial Planning & Strategy, Delft University of [email protected]

In the Netherlands there is a long tradition of collaborative planning decision making. Levels of government co-operate in the formulation of planning guidance and its ap-plication to particular areas. Similarly, design - as an explorative search for solutions to problems in the built environment - is an important and stable component of Dutch planning. It is positively associated with innovation in planning and operationalisation of it and with the legitimacy of planning by consent among a broad array of actors. Despite frequent use and high expectations, roles of design-led approaches in plan-ning decision making are not well defined tough. Design professionals have unclear positions in constellations among decision makers and performances of design in po-litical or administrative decision-making processes are often unforeseen. As a result the impact of design-led approaches on decision making is not well understood and unaccountable.

This presentation elaborates on interrelations between regional design -led approa-ches and planning. It argues that design in the realm of planning resembles discretio-nary action. The argument implies that design is an integral part of planning: a practice that informs or is informed by prevailing planning guidance. Theoretical notions from the fields of design and planning are combined to highlight aspects of design practi-ces and planning frameworks that shape these interrelations. A analytical framework, derived from notions, is applied to a set of regional design initiatives that evolved in the context of Dutch national indicative plans between 1988 and 2012. Examples de-monstrate that roles of design in planning decision making changed substantially over the period. Regional design turned first from a practice that criticised national plans from an extra-governmental perspective into one that worked to collaboratively define national planning with various levels of government, and then further into a practice that challenged national plans on behalf of the national government.

ReferencesBalz, V. E. & Zonneveld, W. A. M. 2015. Regional design in the context of fragmented territorial governance: South Wing Studio. European Planning Studies, 23, 871-891.Booth, P. 2007. The control of discretion: planning and the common-law tradition. Planning Theory, 6, 127-145.Rittel, H. W. J. 1987. The Reasoning of Designers. Berkeley: University of California.

HOW REGIONAL DESIGNING AFFECTS SPATIAL PLANNING

Annet KempenaarChair of Landscape Architecture, Wageningen University, the [email protected]

Regional designing is a form of large scale spatial design that engages with the future physical form and arrangement of settlements, infrastructures, water features, natures reserves and other land uses in a region, including the relationships between them, their aesthetic appe-arances and how it can come about. As such, regional designing is closely entangled with spatial planning. Moreover, it affects and influences spatial planning processes. Firstly, the en-visioned regional future directs the aims of spatial planning. Secondly, regional designing in-fluences spatial planning processes by enabling informed decision making (Kempenaar et al., 2016b), and by proposing actions and suggestions for upcoming planning stages (Kempenaar et al., 2016a). Thirdly, the collaborative regional design process alters the opinions and per-spectives of stakeholders and changes their relationships (Kempenaar et al., 2016b). Fourthly and finally, regional designing can affect the development of the spatial planning and design disciplines (Kempenaar et al., in review). This accounts particularly for those regional design projects that focus on ‘new’ planning issues and receive attention in professional media.

The influences of regional designing on spatial planning result from the regional design pro-cess. In our current democratic, pluralistic and networked society, not only a plan, but also the process in which a plan is created, is critical in its future success and use (Christensen, 2015, Forester, 2013). Regional designing is a collaborative reflexion in action process (Schön, 1983), in which the regional designer and stakeholders engage in an open-ended conversa-tion with the situation. Regional designers design, organise and facilitate the design process, and contribute to it with their professional expertise. These processes have to be tailor-made to the regional planning situation. Grounded in years of practical experience, designers have developed multiple principles that guide them in the design process and enable them to re-spond to the specifics of each regional situation. Stakeholders also hold a critical position in the regional design process. They bring in their knowledge of the planning situation, and they participate in the development and evaluations of ideas and proposals. This enables them to develop ownership over the regional design ideas and prepares them for future action. It is from these processes that the influence of regional designing emerges.

ReferencesChristensen, K. S. (2015). Both Process and Outcome Essential to Planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2015, 1-11.Forester, J. (2013). On the theory and practice of critical pragmatism: Deliberative practice and creative negotiations. Plan-ning theory, 12, 5-22.Kempenaar, A., Binkhuijsen, M. & Van den Brink, A. (in review). New perspectives for the MHAL region, the impact of regional designing Environment and Planning B: Urban analytics and city science.Kempenaar, A., Van Lierop, M., Westerink, J., Van der Valk, A. & Van den Brink, A. (2016a). Change of Thought: Findings on Planning for Shrinkage from a Regional Design Competition. Planning Practice & Research, 31, 23-40.Kempenaar, A., Westerink, J., Van Lierop, M., Brinkhuijsen, M. & van den Brink, A. (2016b). “Design makes you understand”-Mapping the contributions of designing to regional planning and development. Landscape and Urban Planning, 149, 20-30.Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner : how professionals think in action, New York, Basic Books.

THE SYNTHESISING COMPETENCIES OF REGIONAL DESIGNERS

Lukas GilliardTechnical University of [email protected]

The aim of this presentation is to reflect on the competencies that prepare planners for today’s and tomorrow’s interdisciplinary regional development and transforma-tion challenges. I propose a ‘re-coupling’ of both design and social sciences with the currently established normative, policy-based approaches of spatial planning. I argue that design provides a profound integrative skill-set that allows students to employ knowledge of the above-mentioned domains and ‘couple’ them in form of transfor-mative regional design proposals. I present a framework of ten key competencies of various complexity that has been developed in collaboration with colleagues from TU Delft and TU Munich.

ReferencesGilliard, Lukas; Rooij, Remon; Alaily-Mattar, Nadia; Zonneveld, Wil; Thierstein, Alain (forthcoming): Re-coupling Regional Planning, Regional Design and the Social Sciences. Didactic Approaches to Prepare Students for Tomorrow’s Regional De-velopment Challenges Gilliard, Lukas; Thierstein, Alain (2016): Competencies Revisited. disP - The Planning Review 52 (1), 42-55.Gilliard, Lukas; Wenner, Fabian (2018, forthcoming): Regional Design reinterpreted: Teaching Capacity Building for Regional Governance. PlaNext 5.

URBANIZING IN PLACE – GROUNDING REGIONAL DESIGN IN A THEORY OF URBANIZATION

Michiel DehaeneDepartment of Architecture and Planning, UGent. [email protected]

Over the last 20 years territorial development plans in Flanders have readily invoked an explicit urban framing in order to position the proposed spatial policies against the grain of a long history of horizontal urbanization and sprawl. These development plans sought to reinforce emerging metropolitan patterns, placing a symbolic bonus on the city as the preferred spatial expression of equitable, efficient and sustainable deve-lopment.

These policies (rather unsuccessfully) seek to break with the longue durée of a tradition of regional development that have translated questions of redistribution in territorial terms and deliberately spread development opportunities evenly over the territory. At the same time, the everyday realities of these proposed metropolitan territories are not governed through an urban, let alone, metropolitan mindset.

The territorial design strategies promoting a metropolitan vision for Flanders, while invoking urban imaginaries, have failed to produce design models geared at shaping the urban solidarities and logics of territorial differentiation necessary to establish the urban rationality these strategies seek to promote. Starting from the intellectual embarrassment of an urban project without a proper theory of the urban, this inter-vention seeks to reground regional design in a theory of urbanization. Accepting the dominant reality of municipal local government this paper tries to identify possibilities to construct urban solidarities from below, imagining the basis upon which the ‘urban’ solidarities and logics of territorial differentiation could be established.

THE SCALE IN-BETWEEN AND THE PATCHWORK METROPOLIS

Carlo PisanoUniversity of Cagliari – DICAAR Architecture [email protected]

As inherent part of modernity, the notion of the metropolis and fragmentation has always been closely connected from the first (Berman, 1982). From Georg Simmel, who intended the metropolis in terms of flows and fragmentation, to Adorno (1970), that highlighted the distance between modernity and the idea of harmonic aesthetic completion, the juxtapo-sition, accumulation, or succession of fragments has been intended as an intimate quality of the modern metropolis able to interpret its complex and chaotic composition.

A ride through the contemporary territory discloses strange juxtapositions of wealth and poverty, of highly productive areas and abandoned spaces, places of pleasure and places of work. The differences and the contrasts appear gradually more evident; the pieces, of which the territory is composed, seem to have lost their context, appear hardly ascriba-ble to a single unitary figure, they are taking distance from their surroundings, causing a growing segregation of activities, functions and social groups.

While a part of Western culture has tried to counteract this process by withdrawing itself in the reassuring universe of past continuity (see Secchi, 2000), other scholars have accepted this condition turning it into a manifesto (see Viganò, 1999).

This is the position that the young Dutch architect Willem Jan Neutelings assumes as a star-ting point, interpreting a portion of the Dutch territory, which stretches from The Hague to Rotterdam, as a patchwork in which different patches are juxtaposed to one another and each one is characterized by a specific functional program and physical structure.

Interpreted as a general manifesto or as the explanation of a specific territorial configura-tion, the patchwork discourse crosses many of the preeminent topics of the modernity – the figure of the fragment, the issue of the peripheral condition and the territorial layout of the contemporary city – but also many other metaphors and researches – cities in between (Sieverts, 2003), the territory as a palimpsests (Corboz, 1983), the city territory (Corboz, 1990), the città diffusa (Indovina, 1990), the archipelago city (Hertweck, Marot, 2013) – preserving and enriching each time its precious ambiguity.

ReferencesAdorno, T.W., 1970. Gesammelte Schhriften, Vol. 7:Aestetische. Theorie, Suhrkamp: Frankfurt am Main Berman, M., 1982. All that is solid Melts into Air: The experience of modernity. New York: Simon & Schuster.Sieverts, T., 2003. Cities Without Cities: An Interpretation of the Zwischenstadt, 1 edition. London: Routledge. Corboz, A., 1983. “Il territorio come palinsesto” in Viganò, P. (a cura di), 1998. Ordine sparso. Saggi sull’arte, il metodo, la città e il territorio. Milano: Franco Angeli, pp.177-191. Corboz, A., 1990. “Verso la città territorio” in Viganò, P. (a cura di), 1998. Ordine sparso. Saggi sull’arte, il metodo, la città e il territorio. Milano: Franco Angeli, pp.214-218. Indovina, F. (a cura di), 1990. La città diffusa. Venezia: Quaderno Daest n. 1, IUAV. Hertweck F., Marot S., 2013. The City in the City: Berlin: A Green Archipelago. Ennetbaden: Lars Muller. Secchi B., 2000, Prima lezione di urbanistica, Universale Laterza, Roma Viganò, P., 1999. La città elementare. Milano: Skira - Biblioteca di architettura.

ZURICH METROPOLITAN VISIONS

Schindler, AnnaUrban Development City of Zurich, [email protected]

The intervention gives a summary of the multiple cooperation activities in the metro-politan area of Zurich. In 2009 the Zurich Metropolitan Area Society was founded. Its aim is enforcing the metropolitan area of Zurich as a national and international business location. Zurich Metropolitan Area Society is a political organization compound by eight member cantons as well as 120 member cities and municipalities. Though the Zurich Metropolitan Area Society has its strengths, it has to deal with challenges as well: the expected strong population growth, the increasing need of resources or the relations between municipalities as concurrents and co-operators in the same time. The Metro-politan Conference represents the general meeting of all member municipalities and cantons. Through common projects in the fields of economy, traffic, society and living environment, the Metropolitan Conference gets active and visible. A sustainable spatial planning needs coordination across municipal borders and a view on the region as a whole. The intervention puts a focus on the project «Metrobild» which builds the basis for a spatial master plan. The structure of the Zurich Metropolitan Area Society is cha-racterized by a correlation of the different subspaces but also by the competitiveness for advantages of location between the member municipalities. With this background the cantons, cities and municipalities should develop a common awareness for the functio-nal and spatial qualities in the metropolitan area and their distribution. The Metropolitan Conference invited three planning teams to develop an innovative and realistic picture (Bild) for the metropolitan area. The process was separated in three parts: 1. Reading 2. Developing ideas 3. Sketch a picture of the metropolitan area (Metrobild). The result were three pictures, which all had a different vision for the development of the metropo-litan area. The three pictures were published in a jury report, which builds the basis for a consultation amongst the members of the Metropolitan Conference. The majority voted for the elaboration of a spatial master plan under the lead of the Canton of Zurich. In parallel to the Metrobild project, cantonal planners of the eight member cantons started first reflections on a Metro-ROK (regional planning concept). It fulfills the important task of strengthening understanding of the metropolitan area as a coherent functional space and complies with the requirements of the spatial concept for Switzerland. In succession the member cantons identified the common denominators in their development plans. This cooperation flows into several projects in subspaces of the metropolitan area.

ReferencesWebsite Zurich Metropolitan Area Society: https://www.metropolitanraum-zuerich.ch/home.html

ANTWERP, CITY OF TOMORROW

Katlijn Van der VekenDepartment of Urban Planning, City of [email protected]

Since 2000 the city of Antwerp had to cope with a middle-class urban flight and a larger-than-expected population growth with an increasingly divers composition. The city had turned its back on the river Scheldt and the old harbour sites near the city centre had become neglected urban spaces. In 2003 the city decided to organise an international design competition to revive the ‘city in decline’. The team of Bernardo Secchi & Paola Viganò won the competition and in 2006 they had delivered the strate-gic spatial structure plan of Antwerp (s-RSA). When the s-RSA was approved, the urban administration has been reformed to be able to execute the strategic projects and vi-sions defined in the plan. Since then the city has rediscovered its river and has started planning the renewal of the Scheldt quays. The harbour docks in the north of the city and the old industrial areas in the south are being converted into new sustainable re-sidential areas and a business park for the 21st century. An urban park was developed on an abandoned railway site, the dense urban tissue was opened up to allow for much needed green spaces for the inhabitants and the planned international motorway has been downsized to a tunnelled light version.

Today we are ready to update the s-RSA according to new insights in an ever evolving city. In order to have a true future-proof plan that is sustained by all inhabitants, we organise various city debates and urban labs to discuss the new challenges of our city with a broad community of stakeholders and inhabitants. It is an interactive process that will lead to the new structure plan from 2019 onwards.

One of the first key assumptions of the new plan is the vision of the city as a living or-ganism, where the different streams – not only the blue-and green infrastructure, but also streams of food, traffic, energy and waste- make up the city’s ‘metabolism’. These streams have an impact far beyond the city borders. That is why we need to look for a dialogue with our neighbouring municipalities to confront issues such as ecology, blue-green infrastructure, mobility and population growth. Last year we have established a cooperation with the 13 municipalities in the south of Antwerp.

THE VISION FOR THE GENERAL LOCAL PLANS OF KRUJA, KURBIN AND LEZHA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ALBANIAN ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORM

Roberto MascarucciUniversity of Chieti-Pescara – Department of [email protected]

I am the “team leader” of a working group that has been charged of carry out the GLP (General Local Plan) for three municipalities in Albania (Lezha, Kurbin and Kruja), that globally include the territory between Tirane and Shkodra, 20 local sub-units, 148 ur-ban areas (cities and villages), more than 1.100 square kilometers and about 200.000 inhabitants.

We all know that, recently, the innovative evolution of urban planning has attempted to overcome the traditional urban planning, introducing a new strategic approach. The most important innovation in a strategic approach is the notion that the quality of the outcome of a planning process meanly relates to interdependence among its consti-tuent variables and among the different decisions that we take at the different scales.

The spatial strategy for this territory rests on the concept of “landscape”. We use the term “landscape” in its strategic-planning sense, as local units characterized by a com-parable basis in terms of: (i) the geographical and spatial morphological characteristics; (ii) the man-sedimentation and prevailing uses; (iii) the policy perspective and the tran-sformations government.

According to that, we have recognized five different types of landscape: (i) mountain area; (ii) coastal area; (iii) agricultural plain; (iv) foothill settlement system; (v) infra-structure corridor. Normally these five landscapes are considered as specialized strips of territory arranged parallel to the coast. In our vision, we think that is necessary to sew up them in order to help the integration between different assets and synergy between local communities.

The overall strategy, therefore, is based on the functional integration among the five landscapes, through environmental corridors formed by the river courses, in order to obtain advantages that are:

• the possible ecological integration between the territory of the coast and the mountain;

• the complementary integration between urban functions of the historic settle-ment system (foothills road) and the productive functions localized behind the new infrastructure system (freeway);

• the synergy that can be created between environmental protection areas (coastal

and mountain) and their possible use for economic purposes, through integrated forms of environmental tourism;

• the different role to be given to the various parts of the system, without overlap and duplication, but with supplementary specialization of different offers;

• the ability to assign to the various specialized functions specific places in the logic of the respective integration according to a project of complementary functions.

DESIGNING THE PROCESS

Boeijenga, Jelteindependent [email protected]

Observations of recent regional design and visioning projects in The Netherlands and Flanders reveil that these projects often tend to remain relatively non-binding experi-ments, lacking the continuity or long term impact sought for. Some of these projects show the characteristics of intellectually interesting, but relatively free-floating exerci-ses, without longer term commitment, let alone attached obligations from the parties involved. Often, these exercises are moderately understood by the outside world and limitedly connected to other actors or decision makers. Although the search for the right actors, commitment and influence on the formal system is often inherently part of these projects, and therefore rarely a given, the sometimes splendid isolation of the-se projects is remarkable. Good exceptions to this (somewhat exaggerated) analysis, show a strong focus on a specifically designed process, for embedding the design in a larger network of institutions and creating an environment where all partners involved can meet. In this cases the investment in ‘design’ is coupled with at least a comparable investment in setting up an environment, making coalitions and creating relations, be it with other governments, knowledge partners or communities. If we want design and designers to be able to mobilize their added value of comprehensiveness, the connec-tion and integration of design with other policy fields, other actors, with politics as well as bureaucracy, seems vital.

PALERMO MEDITERRANEAN GATEWAY CITY

Daniele RonsivalleUniversity of Palermo – Department of [email protected]

The metropolitan transformations of Palermo Mediterranean city include within them, inevitably, affect the nature of gateway cities within a broader vision.

The strategic vision for Palermo in 2025 was inspired by this crucial statement to inclu-de within it the three key components: 1. the relevance of the Palermo-hub area for what concerns the territorial and infrastructure development policies at the European level; 2. the urban and regional experience of “Fluid city” as portal and as a place of interaction and exchanges (not just in terms of goods and people); 3. the renewed metropolitan vision that comes from new regional and national legislation on metro-politan areas.

The contribution develops these three interpretations and applies them to the reali-ty of Palermo metropolitan area: it identifies how the strategic spatial plan (with the advice of the Carta, Stanghellini, Creta srl) approved by the City Council in 2016 selects these issues and connects in a coherent vision, both at the urban level, both at the metropolitan level.

It also emphasizes how the Strategic Plan incorporates the regulatory actions (PRG) and funding options resulting from national and EU operational programs.

ReferencesCarta M., Lino B. Ronsivalle D. (a cura di) 2016. Recyclical Urbanism. Visioni, Paradigmi e Progetti per la metamorfosi circolare. ListLab, Trento Carta M. Ronsivalle D. (eds.) 2016. The Fluid City Paradigm. Springer Int., Cham (Zug, CH)Fabian L., Munarin S. (a cura di) 2017. Re-cycle Italy. Atlante. Lettera 22, Siracusa.

GOVERNING THE GROWING MUNICH METROPOLITAN REGION: INCREMENTAL APPROACHES TO REGIONAL DESIGN

Agnes FörsterSTUDIO | STADT | REGION, [email protected]

In regions and metropolitan areas, municipal borders have long since been traversed and tran-scended by spatial patterns of interaction and land-use. In the emergence of spatial patterns, mul-tiple spatial scales intertwine – from the neighborhood up to the functional region and beyond. Governments and their administrations often experience statutory limitations when trying to address these developments. In response to these deficiencies politicians, planning authorities and also civil and private organizations in many European regions are participating in governance arrangements, in order to coordinate sector issues and issues that play at different levels of scale. They seek, for instance, to integrate economic, transport and housing development, stretching across multiple and multi-scalar boundaries. Being voluntary associations with few formal planning instruments available to them, the resulting partnerships collaboratively engage in jointly creating inspiring and encouraging spatial agendas with the help of regional design. Design is a creative practice, orientated towards finding solutions to problems in the built (and unbuilt) environment. It is a ‘conversation with the situation’, driven by normative, desirable futures, and also by a wish to understand holistic wholes and dependen-cies among parts. The Munich metropolitan region is one of the fastest growing regions in Germany in terms of jobs and inhabitants. In consequence enormous challenges have to be addressed und coordinated among a broad variety of responsible players: the creation of new housing on the large-scale, the development of new integrated and mixed-use business districts, the expansion and qualification of green space and the upgrading of the transport infrastructure with a strong shift towards public transport and non-motorized transport. These challenges can only be addressed, when municipalities and cities cooperate and coordinate spatial development within the metropolitan region. But regional planning had for a long time an only weak position and a regulating rather than an active role to jointly steer spatial development in the Munich metropolitan region. In recent years, a new generation of politicians and officials kick-started new initiatives to jointly manage the growing region. Instead of one overall planning approach, cooperation and coordination starts with sub-regional issues and priority areas as well as with newly established platforms for dialogue that incrementally shape a joint spatial future at the spatial scale of the metropolitan region.

Notes

Notes

Notes

Notes

Host

UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE (UNIFI) Valeria Lingua, Giuseppe De LucaChair of Urban and Regional Planning http:// www.dida.unifi.it

supported by

DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (TU Delft)Wil Zonneveld, Verena BalzChair of Spatial Planning & Strategy www.spatialplanning.bk.tudelft.nl

MUNICH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (TUM)Alain Thierstein , Lukas GillardChair of Urban Development, www.re.ar.tum.de

Local organising committeeValeria Lingua ([email protected])Raffaella Fucile ([email protected])Luca Di Figlia ([email protected])+39 (0)55 2756455+39 3487423663

The conference is founded by:

Ministry of Education, University and Research, SIR programme

Metropolitan City of Florence

Fondazione Architetti Firenze Ordine degli Architetti Pianifi-catori Paesaggisti e Conserva-tori della provincia di Firenze

The conference is supported by:

INU - Italian Institute of Urban Planning

Registration Limited number of participants 12 cpf provided for Ordine degli Architetti Pianificatori Paesaggisti e Conservatori

www.regionaldesignlab.com