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organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Jan 01, 2016

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Alexina Stokes
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Page 1: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"
Page 2: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

organic solvent

H2O

lipids

everything else

Page 3: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

lipids

everything else

HO

H

H

H

cholesterol

pinene

O

OH

HO

O

NN

H2N

N N

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

PO

O O

PO

O

O

POH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OHHO

H

glucose

Na Cl

all salts

=O

OO

O

ON

H3C

CH3

CH2

=O

OH

arachidonic acid

"nonhydrolyzable lipids""nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Page 4: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

lipids

everything else

Na Cl

all salts O

OH

HO

O

NN

H2N

N N

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

PO

O O

PO

O

O

POH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OHHO

H

glucose

=

=O

OO

O

ON

H3C

CH3

CH2

"hydrolyzable lipids""hydrolyzable lipids"

O

O

O

O

O

O

Page 5: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

"hydrolyzable lipids""hydrolyzable lipids"

O

O

Na

O

ONa

O

O

Na

O

O

O

H

H

H

+

soapsoap glycerolglycerol

O

O

O

O

O

O

triglyceridetriglyceride

Na OH

Page 6: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

"Home made" soap"Home made" soap

1. Na OH

soap soap solutionsolution

2. Na Cl

lyelye

home home made lye made lye soapsoap

saltsalt

Page 7: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Some functions of hydrolyzable lipids in biologySome functions of hydrolyzable lipids in biology

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO22

triglyceridetriglyceride

Page 8: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

O

O

leaf coatingsleaf coatingsbees bees waxwax

Some functions of hydrolyzable lipids in biologySome functions of hydrolyzable lipids in biology

waxeswaxes

Page 9: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

HO

O

fatty acidsfatty acids

linoleoic acid

HO

O

OH

O

omega-3-omega-3-fatty acidsfatty acids

Page 10: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

HO

O

fatty acids propertiesfatty acids properties

linoleoic acid

melting pointmelting point

O

OH

stearic acid

oleic acid

HO

O

-5 °C

13 °C

70 °C

Page 11: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

fatty acids propertiesfatty acids properties

stearic acid

mp = 70 °C

Page 12: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

fatty acids propertiesfatty acids properties

mp = 13 °Coleic acid

Page 13: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

fatty acids propertiesfatty acids properties

mp = -5 °C

Page 14: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

fatty acids propertiesfatty acids properties

melting pointmelting point

-5 °C

13 °C

70 °C

Page 15: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

fatty acids propertiesfatty acids properties

Page 16: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

fatty acids propertiesfatty acids properties

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

H-Hcatalyst

H-Hcatalyst

liquidliquid

solidsolid

Page 17: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

fatty acids fatty acids prostaglandinsprostaglandins

arachidonic acid

OH

O

O2H

CO2HO

O

H

H

PGG2

OH

CO2H

H

H

O

HO

Prostaglandin E2

O2

aspirin and aspirin and ibuprofen ibuprofen inhibit this inhibit this stepstep

Page 18: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

SteroidsSteroidsC C

H

H

H

O

OH

OP

O

OO

P

O

OO

squalene

Page 19: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

SteroidsSteroids

squalene

Page 20: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

SteroidsSteroids

HO

H

H

H

O2

Page 21: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

SteroidsSteroids

O

O

H

H

H

progesterone

O

OH

H

H

H

testosterone

HO

OH

H

H

H

estradiolO

O OH

OHHO

H

H

H

cortisol

R

HO

H

H

H

Page 22: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Cholesterol and Cardiovascular DiseaseCholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease

liverliver

R

HO

H

H

H

cholesterolcholesterol

LDLLDL

HDLHDL

R

HO

H

H

H

cholesterolcholesterol

Page 23: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Structure of LDL

Hydrophobic CoreHydrophobic Core of Triglyceride of Triglyceride and Cholesteryl and Cholesteryl EstersEsters

apoBapoB

Surface Surface Monolayer of Monolayer of Phospholipids Phospholipids and Free and Free CholesterolCholesterol

Page 24: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Structure of HDL

Rye KA et al. Atherosclerosis 1999;145:227-238.

Hydrophobic Core

of Triglyceride and Cholesteryl

Esters

apoA-II

Surface Monolayer of Phospholipids

and Free CholesterolapoA-I

Page 25: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Cholesterol and Cardiovascular DiseaseCholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease

liverliver

R

HO

H

H

H

cholesterolcholesterol

LDLLDL

HDLHDL

R

HO

H

H

H

cholesterolcholesterol

XX

Page 26: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Cholesterol and Cardiovascular DiseaseCholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease

Page 27: organic solvent H2OH2O lipids everything else lipids everything else = = "nonhydrolyzable lipids"

Steroid Steroid biosynthesisbiosynthesis C C

H

H

H

O

OHO

P

O

OO

P

O

OO

squalene

HO

H

H

H

O

O

O

HOH

O

H3C

H

H

CH3

H

lovastatinlovastatin