Organic Molecules “macromolecules, organic compounds”
Jan 14, 2016
Organic Molecules
“macromolecules, organic compounds”
Organic Molecule Foldable
Elements found in carbohydrates
Building blocks of carbohydrates
Uses for carbohydrates within organisms
Names of example carbohydrates
Elements found in Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates: CHO
• Carbon - C
• Hydrogen - H
• Oxygen - O
Building Blocks of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharide
• Disaccharide
• Polysaccharide
Uses for Carbohydrates
• Provide energy to living organisms
Names of example carbohydrates
• Monosaccharide a. glucose, fructose, galactose
• Disaccharide a. sucrose
• Polysaccharide a. starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen
Organic Molecule Foldable
Elements found in lipids Building blocks and structure of lipids
Uses for lipids within organisms
Names of example lipids
Elements found in Lipids
• Lipids - CHO
• Carbon - C
• Hydrogen - H
• Oxygen - O
Building Blocks and Structure of Lipids
• Fatty acids
• a. saturated
• b. unsaturated
Fatty acid Fatty acidFatty acid
Lipid StructureTriglycerides – 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol
a. saturated
b. unsaturated
Phospholipids – 2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol
Wax – long fatty acid chain + long alcohol chain
Steroids
• Made of 4 fused carbon rings instead of fatty acidsa. have various attached functional groups
Uses for Lipids within organisms
• DO NOT DISSOLVE IN H2O (hydrophobic and insoluble)
• Protection, insulation, energy storage
Names of example Lipids
• Steroids a. cholesterol b. testosterone
• Phospholipidsa. lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)
• Triglycerides a. trilauroylglycerol
Organic Molecule Foldable
Elements found in proteins
Building blocks of proteins
Uses for proteins within organisms
Names of example proteins
Elements found in Proteins
• Proteins - CHON
• Carbon - C
• Hydrogen - H
• Oxygen - O
• Nitrogen - N
Building Blocks of Proteins
• Amino acids
• 20 different amino acids
alanine arginine asparagine aspartic acid cysteine
glutamine glutamic acid glycine histidine isoleucine
leucine lysine methionine phenylalanine proline
serine threonine tryptophan tyrosine valine
Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid
Basic Structure of an Amino Acid
Amine Group (NH2)
Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
Side GroupSide Group
Uses for Proteins in Organisms
• provide SHAPE and SUPPORT
• Muscle, movement
Names of example Proteins
• Hormones
• Enzymes
• Antibodies
• Hemoglobin
• Carrier proteins
• Insulin
Organic Molecule Foldable
Elements found in nucleic acids
Building blocks of nucleic acids
Uses for nucleic acids within organisms
Names of example nucleic acids
Elements found in Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic Acids - CHON
• Carbon - C
• Hydrogen - H
• Oxygen - O
• Nitrogen - N
Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
• nucleotides
Nucleotides for DNA & RNA
How Nucleotides Bond
Covalent Bonds
Uses for Nucleic Acids in Organisms
• Stores important information in the cell
• Creates important structures (proteins) within the cell
Names of Example Nucleic Acids
• DNA
• RNA
Organic Molecules SummaryCARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS
Contain: CHOBuilding Blocks: monosaccharidesdisaccharidesPolysaccharidesUsed: to provide energy to living organismsExamples: Mono- glucose, fructose, galactoseDi- sucrosePoly- glycogen, chitin, starch, cellulose
Contain: CHOBuilding Blocks: fatty acids arranged as triglycerides, phospholipids, wax; includes steriodsUsed: to provide protection, insulation and energy storageExamples: trilauroylglycerol; lecithin; cholesterol, testosterone
Contain: CHONBuilding Blocks: amino acids – there are 20 different ones
Used: to provide shape and supportExamples: hormones, hemoglobin, insulin, enzymes
Contain: CHONBuilding Blocks: nucleotides – adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil
Used: stores important information in the cell, codes for proteinsExamples: DNA, RNA