Organic Chemistry Dr. Ron Rusay Fall 2001 © Copyright 2001 R.J. Rusay.

Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

Dr. Ron RusayDr. Ron Rusay

Fall 2001Fall 2001

© Copyright 2001 R.J. Rusay© Copyright 2001 R.J. Rusay

ORGANIC CHEMISTRYORGANIC CHEMISTRY

The study of carbon-containing compounds.

Organic compounds contain backbones comprised of chains and/or rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Commonly used formulas are empirical, molecular, structural (bond-line, condensed and 3-D).

InorganicInorganic OrganicOrganic

Chemicals are just chemicalsChemicals are just chemicals

Friedrich Wohler: 1850’sFriedrich Wohler: 1850’s

Proving that “living” chemicals are no different Proving that “living” chemicals are no different than other chemicals; disproving “animism”.than other chemicals; disproving “animism”.

HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS

Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

They represent a “backbone” when other “heteroatoms” (O, N, S, .....) are substituted for H. (The heteroatoms give function to the molecule.)

AcyclicAcyclic (without rings); CyclicCyclic (with rings); SaturatedSaturated: only carbon-carbon single bonds; UnsaturatedUnsaturated: contains one or more carbon-carbon double and/or triple bond

http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS

AlkanesAlkanes contain only single bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [CnH2n+2]

AlkenesAlkenes contain double bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [CnH2n]

AlkynesAlkynes contain triple bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [CnH2n-2]

http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

Naming AlkanesNaming Alkanes

1. For alkanes beyond butane, add -ane -ane to the Greek root for the number of carbons.

C-C-C-C-C-C = hexaneane

2. Alkyl substituents: drop the -ane -ane and add -yl-yl.

-CH3 : methylyl

-C2H5 : ethylyl

Naming AlkanesNaming Alkanes

3. Positions of substituent groups are specified by numbering the longest chain sequentially.

C C-C-C-C-C-C

3-methylhexane3-methylhexane

4. Location and name are followed by root alkane name. Substituents in alphabetical order and use di-, tri-, etc.

IsomerismIsomerism

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Common Functional GroupsCommon Functional Groups(“Hydrocarbon Derivatives”)(“Hydrocarbon Derivatives”)

Class General Formula

Halohydrocarbons RX

Alcohols (Phenols) R

Ethers RR

Amines

R-NH2

http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

Common Functional GroupsCommon Functional Groups

Class General Formula

Aldehydes

Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Esters

Amides

R-C-HO

R-C-R'O

R-C-OHO

R-C-OR'O

R-C-NO

R

"

R

'

http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

PolymersPolymers

PolymersPolymers

Macromolecules which are made from small molecules, monomers, which structurally repeat themselves.

Monomer PolymerEthylene PolyethyleneVinyl chloride Polyvinyl

chlorideTetrafluoroethylene Teflon

Amines - Acids Nylon & Proteins

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are needed to see this picture.

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Nylon(s)Nylon(s)

ProteinsProteins

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