ORGANEL SEL TUGAS

8/3/2019 ORGANEL SEL TUGAS

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BASICS OF SCIENCECOURSE

TEAM 1

MULHATIM

UMINAH

KHUSNUL KHOTIMAH

20111/29/2012 1

GRADUATE PROGRAM

STATE UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA


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PLANT CELL


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PLANT CELL

Plants including eukaryotes, organisms

that have a membrane surrounding the

nucleus and organelles, and can arrangefood

Plant cells have some special structure,

namely a rigid cell wall, central vacuole,plasmodesmata, and chloroplasts.

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THE FOLLOWING IS A DESCRIPTION

OF THE PLANT CELL

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CELL WALL

ORGANEL STRUCTURE FUNGTIONSThe cell walls

consist of

cellulose (the

majority),

hemicellulose,

pectin, lignin,

chitin, salt,carbonate and

silicate of Ca

and Mg

Give the cell

shape

Protects the

inside andarrange

transport of

substances

Endorsing thetidaka woody

plants

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ORGANELLS STRUCTURE FUNGTIONS

Composed of

carbohydrate

proteins and

fats

Patron of the cell so

that cells do not exit

Regulatory exchange

out substances that

enter the cell

Perform within or

outside the cell

selection (selectively

permeable)

MEMBRANE PLASM

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.NUCLEUS


Chemically

composed of DNA,

RNA and proteins(histones)

In the nucleus

there is a

chromosome that

serves to cell division

Control of cell

metabolism

Place of DNA

replication and

transcription

Regulatory cell

division and the

carrier of genetic

information

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MITOCHONDRIA

ORGANEL STRUCTURE FUNCTION

Bacteria-like

elements

with inner

membrane

Contains enzymes

that perform the

oxidation of food andenergy to synthesize

ATP in the cell

The occurrence of

cellular respirationproduces energy

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM


That is shaped

structure threads

which empties into

the cell nucleus.

There are two types

of RE are:

RE. Granular(Rough E.R)

RE. Agranuler

(Smooth E.R)

Function R.E.

are: for the

transport ofsubstances

within the cell

itself

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GOLGI APARATUS


The Golgi is

composed of

stacks of

membrane-bound

structures known

as cisternae

(singular: cisterna)

Modifying the

protein by adding

oligosaccharides

Establish

lysosomes

For secretion of

the mucous

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PLASTIDAORGANEL STRUCTURE FUNCTION

1. Lekoplas

Amiloplas,proteinop

las , elailoplas

2. Kloroplas

klorofil, pigmen

karotenoid,

3. Kromoplas

karotenoid (karoten

dan xantofil)

1. Lekoplas

(white-colored

plastids serve as food

storage),

2. chloroplastnamely green

plastids. Plastids

works generating

chlorophyll and

photosynthesis as themeeting place.

3. Kromoplas

ie plastids containing

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VACUOLA


Contains organic

salts, glycosides,

tannins (tanningagent), etheric

oils, alkaloids,

enzymes, starch

grains

As a regulator

of turgor

pressure

Place storing

food reserves,

pigments, oils

and residual

metabolic astiri

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PEROXISOM


Contains enzymes,

especially catalase,

an H2O2 overhaul

mengkatalisisrdangerous on the

metabolism

Changing the fat

into carbohydrate

Produce to formH2O2 oxidative

enzymes to break

down fat

Produce the enzymecatalase to convert

H2O2 into H2O and

O2

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CYTOPLASM


It is a fluid cell

in the cell

(cytosol)

It poses a

variety of cell

organelles

The function of the

cytoplasm is to distribute

oxygen and food

(nutrients) to other partsof the cell and it

supports all parts inside

the cell.

It has three main

functions: storage,energy, and

manufacturing.

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ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM


(RER) in which

the surface of

the tubulescontain

numerous

granule-like

structures called

ribosomes.

The function of

the rough

endoplasmicreticulum is to

synthesize and

exports proteins

and

glycoproteins.

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SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM


The Smooth ER

also contains the

enzyme glucose-

6-phosphatase,

which converts

glucose-6-

phosphate to

glucose, a step in

gluconeogenesis

The function of the smooth

endoplasmic reticulum is

1. to package proteins for

transport, synthesizemembrane phosolipids, and

releases calcium

2. transformation of bile

pigments, glycogenolysis

(the breakdown ofglycogen), and detoxification

of many drugs and chemical

agents.

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NUCLEOLUS


Containing

DNA and a

copy of thegene coding

RNA

The nucleolus

is where

ribosomes aremade

And synthesis

of RNA.

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NUCLEAR ENVELOP


it is the outer

covering of the

nucleus

Function of nuclear

membran is

separates the

cytoplasmic

contents from the

nuclear contents

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PLASMODESMATA


Most

plasmodesmata

also have the

structure of the

hall-like tube

called

desmotubul

The function of

plasmodesmata are :

1. connects plant cells

with each other.

2. connecting channel

enables transport of

materials and

allows

communication

between the cells

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CYTOSKELETON


Mikrofilamen

mikrotubulus

filamenintermediar

Structural

support; cell

movement

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ANIMAL CELL

The structure and function

of components ororganelles of animal cells

as follows:

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ANIMAL CELL

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MEMBRANE PLASM

ORGANEL STRUCTURE FUNGTIONS

Composed of

carbohydrates,

proteins andfats

Patron of the cell so

that cells do not exit

Regulatory exchangeout substances that

enter the cell

Perform within or

outside the cell selection

(selectively permeable)

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NUCLEUS


Chemically

composed of DNA,

RNA and proteins

(histones)

In the nucleus

there is a

chromosome that

serves to cell

division

Control of cell

metabolism

Place of DNA

replication and

transcription

Regulatory cell

division and the

carrier of genetic

information

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MITOCHONDRIA


Bacteria-like

elements with

innermembrane

Contains enzymes that

perform the oxidation of

food and energy to

synthesize ATP in the

cell

Th

e occurrence ofcellular respiration

produces energy

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RETICULUM ENDOPLASMA


That is shaped structure

threads which empties into

the cell nucleus.There are two types of RE are:

RE. Granular (Rough E.R)

RE. Agranuler (Smooth E.R)

Function

R.E. are:

for thetransport

of

substance

s withinthe cell

itself

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GOLGI APARATUS


The Golgi is

composed of

stacks ofmembrane-

bound

structures

known ascisternae

(singular:

cisterna)

Modifying the

protein by adding

oligosaccharides

Establish

lysosomes

For secretion of

the mucous

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RIBOSOM


This structure

consists of two

sph

erical particlesof large and small,

there are inherent

throughout the RE

and some aresolitary

synthesise

proteins, new

protein synthesisis packaged in a

single membrane

bounded

organelles

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LYSOSOM


Having the

hydrolytic enzymes for

the digestion of

polysaccharides,lipids, nucleic acids &

proteins

One enzyme that is

Lisozym

Plays an important role in

cell death

Digesting macromolecules

intracellularly

As a producer of digestiveenzymes and cellular

storage

Digesting the material

taken up by endocytosis

Destroying other cellorganelles that are not

working

Destroying the cell itself

(autolysis)

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CENTROSOME


There is in the cytoplasm

to the outer surface of the

nucleus, which consists of

a row of cylinders as much

as 9 mikrotubuli

Before a cell divides,

centrioles will berduplikasi

to form basal bodies, cilia

and flagella

star-shaped structurethat functions in cell

division (mitosis and

meiosis)

Set cell division and

chromosome

separation during cell

division in animals Synthesize

microtubule cilia and

flagella

Generate a spindle

in animal cells

As an object poles in

mitosis and meiosis

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CYTOPLASM


It is a fluid cell

in the cell

(cytosol)

It poses a

variety of cell

organelles

The function of the

cytoplasm is to distribute

oxygen and food

(nutrients) to other partsof the cell and it

supports all parts inside

the cell.

It has three main

functions: storage,

energy, and

manufacturing.

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PEROCSISOM


Contains enzymes,

especially catalase,

an H2O2 overhaulmengkatalisisr

dangerous on the

metabolism

Changing the fat

into carbohydrate

Produce to form

H2O2 oxidativeenzymes to break

down fat

Produce the enzyme

catalase to convertH2O2 into H2O and

O2

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NUCLEOLUS


Containing

DNA and a

copy of thegene coding

RNAs

The nucleolus is

where ribosomes

are madeAnd synthesis of

RNA.

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SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM


The Smooth ER

also contains the

enzyme glucose-

6-phosphatase,which converts

glucose-6-

phosphate to

glucose, a step in

gluconeogenesis

The function of the smooth

endoplasmic reticulum is

1. to package proteins for

transport, synthesizemembrane phosolipids, and

releases calcium

2. transformation of bile

pigments, glycogenolysis

(the breakdown ofglycogen), and detoxification

of many drugs and chemical

agents.

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ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM


(RER) in which

the surface of

the tubulescontain

numerous

granule-like

structures calledribosomes.

The function of

the rough

endoplasmicreticulum is to

synthesize and

exports proteins

andglycoproteins.

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NUCLEAR ENVELOP


it is the outer

covering of the

nucleus

Function of nuclear

membran is

separates the

cytoplasmic

contents from the

nuclear contents

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

DO NOT HAVE A CELL WALL HAVE CELL WALLS AND CELL

MEMBRANES

DO NOT HAVE PLASTIDS GENERALLY HAVE PLASTIDS

HAVE LYSOSOMES DO NOT HAVE LYSOSOMES

HAVE THE CENTROSOME NO CENTROSOME

DEPOSITS OF FATTY SUBSTANCES AND

GLYCOGEN

SUBSTANCE DEPOSITS IN THE FORM OF

STARCH

FORM IS NOT FIXED FIXED FORM

IN CERTAIN PLANT HAVE VACUOLES,

SMALL SIZE, LITTLE

HAS A LARGE VACUOLE, MANY

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND

ANIMAL CELLS IN FUTURE

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THE END

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