Anatomy Chapter 1 _____________________ is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts. Can be studied on the _____________________ and include ________________, ______________________ and ______________________. Examples include… _____________________ is the study of how the body and its parts work or function. Examples include… Place the following words in order of increasing complexity. ORGAN SYSTEM CELL ORGANISM ORGAN TISSUE ______________________ ______________________ ___________________ ______________________ ______________________ *Know the order of decreasing complexity as well.
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AnatomyChapter1
_____________________isthestudyofthestructureandshapeofthebodyanditsparts.Canbestudiedonthe_____________________andinclude________________,______________________and______________________.Examplesinclude…_____________________isthestudyofhowthebodyanditspartsworkorfunction.Examplesinclude…Placethefollowingwordsinorderofincreasingcomplexity.ORGANSYSTEMCELLORGANISMORGANTISSUE
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________*Knowtheorderofdecreasingcomplexityaswell.
BodySystems
____________________________________________-theexternalcoveringofthebody(__________________)Whatarethefunctionsoftheskin?
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Whataresometypesofdamagetheskincanincur?Whatistheskeletalsystemcomposedof?Whatisitsfunction?Whatarethefourfunctionsofthemuscularsystem?
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Isthenervoussystemfastorslowaction?Whatisthefunctionofthenervoussystem?Whatisregulatedbytheendocrinesystem?Whatissecretedbytheendocrinesystem?Listsixglands:Whatpumpsthebloodaroundthecirculatorysystem?Whatistransportedaroundthecirculatorysystem?
Whatarethethreefunctionsofthelymphaticsystem?
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• Howdoestherespiratorysystemmaintainproperlevelsofgasses?Whatorgansareused?Whatarethefunctionsofthedigestivesystem?
Whatiseliminatedfromtheexcretorysystem?Whatisregulated?Whatisthefunctionofthereproductivesystem?Whatisproducedbythemalereproductivesystem?Howdoesthefemalereproductivesystemprepareforanewbaby?
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Labelthefollowingonthediagram.SmallIntestines,Heart,Lungs,Liver,Stomach,LargeIntestinesandthePharynx. Labelthefollowingonthediagram.SmallIntestines,Heart,Lungs,BloodVessels,Stomach,andLargeIntestines.
Howdidthelargeintestinesgettheirname?
MaintainingBoundaries
Keepsthebody’sinternalenvironmentdistinctfromtheexternalenvironment.Movement-Includesalltheactivitiespromotedbythe_________________________system.Examplesinclude:Responsiveness-Abilitytoreactto__________________________________.
� Majorroleofthe_______________________________system.Digestion-Foodingestedisbrokendowntoitschemical__________________________________.Metabolism-All_______________________________reactionsthatoccurwithinbodycells.
� ____________________________________complexmoleculesintosmalleronesandmakeslarger
moleculesfromsmallerones.
� Usesnutrientsandoxygentoproduce___________.Processcalled_______________________________
� Regulatedbyhormonessecretedbytheglandsoftheendocrinesystem.
Excretion-Eliminationof________________________________bythelungsandeliminationof________________________wastesbythekidneys.Reproduction-Providesnewcellsfor_____________________________and____________________.Growth-Increasethenumberofcells___________________thantheyare_______________________.
SurvivalNeeds
Nutrients-Takeninviathedietandcontainchemicalsusedforenergyandcellbuilding.Examplesinclude:Water-_________________%ofthebody’sweightthatprovidesfluidforbody’s
__________________________________and___________________________________
Oxygen-Oxygenisnecessarytoreleaseenergyfromchemicalreactionsthattakeplaceinthebody.
� Neededtorelease____________________________fromfood.
• ________%oftheairwebreatheisoxygen.BodyTemperature-Mustremainat___________(____________)Whathappensifthetempistoohighortoolow?
• TooLow-
• TooHigh-AtmosphericPressure-Breathingdependsonthepressureexertedonthebody.
� Ifthealtitudeistoohigh(lowerpressure)gasexchangemaybetolowtosupportmetabolicactivity.
� Mountainclimbersneedtobringoxygentanksbecauseoxygenisneededtosupportmetabolicactivities.
Homeostasis-Thetendencyofthebody’ssystemstomaintainarelatively______________________orbalancedinternalenvironment.HomeostaticControlMechanisms-Communicationbetweenorgansystemsisessential.
� The_________________________________and_________________________________systemsarechieflyresponsiblethroughchemicalorelectricalresponses.
Receptor-Asensorthatmonitorschangesintheenvironmentcalledstimuli.MessageissenttothecontrolcenteralongtheafferentpathwayControlCenter-Analyzestheinformationfromthereceptoranddeterminestheappropriateresponse.Effector-Controlcenterdeterminestheresponseandactivatestheeffector.
� Providesthemeansforthecontrolcentersresponsetothestimulusalongtheefferentpathway.
� Theeffectorisusuallyamuscleorgland.
NegativeFeedbackMechanism-Theneteffectoftheresponsetothestimulusisto
____________________________________theoriginalstimulusorreduceitseffects.
� Example-bodyreleasesinsulinwhensugarisingested.
� Mostcommonfeedbacksysteminthebody.
PositiveFeedbackMechanisms-____________________________or___________________________theoriginalstimulus.
� Examplesarebloodclottingorthebirthofababy.
LanguageofAnatomy
Anteriormeans_____________________________andposteriormeans________________________Anatomicalpositioniswhensomeoneisfacingyouwiththeirhandsandfeetparallelandpalmsarefacingoutward.
MedialvsLateralMedial-Lateral-
ProximalvsDistalProximal-Distal-
UprightvsA4-LeggedAnimal
Topoftheorganism-_____________________________.Bottomoftheorganism-_________________________
Yourfeetare_______________________________toyourkneesThefrontofyourbodyis__________________________________Yournoseis_____________________________________toyoureyesYourheadis_______________________________________toyourfeet
Frontal-TransverseMidsagittal-
BodyCavitiesDorsalBodyCavities-Completelysurroundedbybone
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• VentralBodyCavities-Partiallysurroundedbybone
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Theabdominalandpelviccavitiesaretypicallycalledthe___________________________________cavityThe______________________________separatesthethoracicfromtheabdominalcavity
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