Oren Beit-Arie Ex Libris (USA) Inc. NISO Standards Committee AX June 28, 2001 OpenURL Current draft proposal
Oren Beit-ArieEx Libris (USA) Inc.
NISO Standards Committee AX
June 28, 2001
OpenURLCurrent draft proposal
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL Framework
Conventional Linking:
- User interacts with an Information Service and retrieves references
- Typically, the IS attempts to deliver reference links (default links)
- In many cases, those links are not-so-adequate (e.g. non context sensitive)
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL Framework
OpenURL Framework addresses this problem:
Provides an architecture that enables provision of additional, appropriate links by third parties
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL Framework
OpenURL Framework key concepts:
1. Collaboration of Information Providers: by providing a hook to references
- this will enable the delivery of metadata and identifiers of the referenced work to a third party service component
- the hook is an HTTP request. OpenURL
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL Framework
OpenURL Framework key concepts:
2. Existence of 3rd party Service Components
- are the targets of the hooks
- provide appropriate, context sensitive resolution of the metadata and/or identifiers of the referenced work, into service-links
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL Framework
OpenURL Framework key concepts:
3. Existence of a specification that describes the format of the hook
- this is the OpenURL draft specification- the task of this committee to standardize
Oren Beit-Arie
“NOU” linking
Link Source
Link Destination
Link .Resource Resource
Resolution of Links
Provision of Links
* NOU – non OpenURL
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL linking
Link Source
OpenURL.Resource
Resource
Service
Component
Resolver/Link Server
Provision of Hooks Resolution into Links
Context Sensitive
Link Destination
Link Link
DestinationLink
Link Destination
Link Link
DestinationLink Hook
Appropriate
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OpenURL Framework
Architecture for Open Linking, because: It’s about untying the provision of the reference (the responsibility of the Information Service that originates the OpenURL) from the provision of Link Services to that reference (the responsibility of the Service Component which is the target of the OpenURL)
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL Framework
• Service Component: Accept OpenURLs as input Provide context-sensitive/ localized/alternative resolution of links, based on Metadata and Identifiers of the Referent
• It’s all about Metadata
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL Framework
Link Source
OpenURL.Resource
Resolver/Link Server
Fetch
MD Repository
• Parsing the OpenURL for Metadata
• Using Identifiers (keys) to FETCH
MD Identifier/s
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OpenURL
• Metadata is transported:
Explicitly – by Value – on the URL
Implicitly – by Reference – using identifiers/keys that enable FETCH of metadata
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OpenURL - Goals
• Scholarly Information
• Low-barrier; easy to implement
• Syntax for making Metadata and Identifiers about the Referent available to Service Components
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OpenURL – Current Specs
BASE-URL Address of the Service component
Query Description of the Referent/s(metadata and/or identifiers supporting the delivery of link services)
OpenURL ::= BASE-URL ‘?’ QUERY
Appropriate Service Component(localized, context-sensitive resolution)
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OpenURL – Current Specs
• Follows URI-specs
• name=value pairs
• allows for multiple Referents
• HTTP GET (and POST)
• UTF-8 encoding
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OpenURL – Current Specs
QUERY ::= DESCRIPTION (‘&&’ DESCRIPTION)
DESCRIPTION :==
ORIGIN-DESCRIPTION ‘&’ OBJECT-DESCRIPTION
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OpenURL – Current Specs
DESCRIPTION :==
ORIGIN-DESCRIPTION ‘&’ OBJECT-DESCRIPTION
ORIGIN-DESCRIPTION: Description of the Resource from which the
OpenURL originates
sid=VendorID:DatabaseID • sid=IOPP:jnl_ref • sid=EBSCO:eric• sid=SWETS:snn
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OpenURL – Current Specs
DESCRIPTION :==
ORIGIN-DESCRIPTION ‘&’ OBJECT-DESCRIPTION
OBJECT-DESCRIPTION: Description of the Referent
(by means of metadata and/or identifiers)
Contains 3 zones:
• GLOBAL-IDENTIFIER-ZONE• OBJECT-METADATA-ZONE• LOCAL-IDENTIFIER-ZONE
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL – Current Specs
GLOBAL-IDENTIFIER-ZONE:
Contains reference to a global namespace and an identifier of the Referent that is unique within the that namespace.
‘id’ ‘=’ GLOBAL-NAMESPACE ‘:’ GLOBAL-IDENTIFIER (+)
• id=doi:10.1000/6789-1• id=pmid:98765430• id=oai:arXiv:physics/0003456
Can be used to FETCH additional metadata for the Referent
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OpenURL – Current Specs
OBJECT-METADATA-ZONE:
(Explicit/by-value) metadata for the Referent, in specified metadata schemes (7 possible genre values).
META-TAG ‘=‘ META-VALUE (Name-Value pairs)
• genre=article&issn=1234-5678& volume=12&issue=13&spage=121
• genre=article&atitle=my paper&title=Journal of Good News&sici=1234-5678(199802)12:14<121:>2.0.TX;2-B
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OpenURL – Current Specs
LOCAL-IDENTIFIER-ZONE:
information in non-standardized syntax, defined by the Resource
low-barrier imp.; local identifiers; other
‘pid’ ‘=’ VCHAR+
pid=<authors>Solin+M;+Campi+P</authors><ui>21010488</ui><date>20020201</date>
pid=1234567
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OpenURL – Examples
1. Institute of Physics Publishing:
http://demo.exlibrisgroup.com:8888/demo?sid=IOPP:jnl_ref&genre=article&aulast=Kottos&auinit=T&issn=0031%2d9007&stitle=Phys%2e+Rev%2e+Lett%2e&volume=79&issue=24&spage=4794&date=1997
BASE-URL
ORIGIN-DESCRIPTION
OBJECT-METADATA-ZONE
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OpenURL – Examples
2. Ebsco:
http://demo.exlibrisgroup.com:8888/demo?genre=article&issn=08966273&volume=28&issue=2&date=20020201&spage=309&sid=EBSCO:cmedm&title=Neuron&atitle=Synaptic%20autoimmunity%20and%20the%20Salk%20factor.&pid=<authors>Solimena+M;+De+Camilli+P</authors><ui>21010488</ui><date>20020201</date><db>cmedm</db>
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OpenURL – Examples
3. SilverPlatter ERL:
http://demo.exlibrisgroup.com:8888/demo?sid=ERL:mdl&pid=345003456
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OpenURL - Acceptance
• Fast• Keeps growing• Wide range of information resources:
• A&I databases• OPACs• E-journals• E-print archives (OAi)• Other local data repositories
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OpenURL - Acceptance• Bell & Howell Information and Learning
ProQuest • EBSCO Publishing
EBSCOhost • The Gale Group • Institute of Physics Publishing
AxiomElectronic Journals
• ISIWeb of Science
• Swets BlackwellSwetsNetNavigator
• SilverPlatter ERL
• SLAC-SPIRES (Stanford) • ArXiv.org • Ovid • OCLC FirstSearch • Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
http://www.sfxit.com/sources.html
Oren Beit-Arie
OpenURL Deployment:
Lessons learned:• Extensive usage of the pid (LOCAL-
IDENTIFIER-ZONE):
• To overcome limitations in the OpenURL “metadata schema”
• To provide local identifiers; FETCH information
• For User information• …
• Missing contextual elements (.. Later..)• Compliancy levels (??)
• Keep it a low-barrier