ORAL MORPHOLOGY By Ivo Klepáček, MD., PhD. Saint Apollonia was one of a group of virgin martyrs who suffered in Alexandria during a local uprising against the Christians prior to the persecution of Decius . According to legend, her torture included having all of her teeth violently pulled out or shattered. For this reason, she is popularly regarded as the patroness of dentistry and those suffering from toothache or other dental problems. orofacial system
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ORAL MORPHOLOGY
By
Ivo Klepáček, MD., PhD.
Saint Apollonia was one of a group of virgin martyrs who suffered in Alexandria during a local uprising against the Christians prior to the persecution of Decius. According to legend, her tortureincluded having all of her teeth violently pulled out or shattered. For this reason, she is popularly regarded as the patroness of dentistry and those suffering from toothache or other dental problems.
Pits – end of ameloblasts; Cracks – appear where enamel deposition on top of small deposits of non-mineralisable debris late in development; focal holes – loss of the cracks by abrasion; Brochs – groups of crystals (mostly on premolars)
orofacial system
Tufts Spindles Laminae (lamellae) Features from the dentine to enamel
Enamel-dentine junction
8-25 μm
Tufts - contain non-amelogenin fraction and they are composed from residual matrixSpindles – contain odontoblast processes missing during eruption??Lamellae – hypomineralised, contain non-matured prisms, saliva and oral debris
3-7-? μm3-7-? μm
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Preerupting cuticleNasmyth membraneorofacial
system
Plaque
orofacial system
demineralization
orofacial system
orofacial system
orofacial system
Dentine odontoblasts
dentine tubules
Retzius linesvonEbner
Following time of appearance:
PrimarySecondaryTertiary
Following lcation in tooth:
MantleCircumpulpalInterdentinGlobularPredentin
Odontoblasts, matrix, fibers
orofacial system
orofacial system
Dentine: structure and formationOuter layerMantle dentine
Inner dentineCircumpulpal dentine
Predentin
10-30um; contains alpha-fibrills
stripped; regular secretion and mineralization
Amorphous; area of synthesis, polymorphous, contains proteoglycans, tropocollagen, glycoproteins
orofacial system
Mantle dentineIntermingling processesgranular
Circumpulpal dentinematrix rich
Interdentine interglobular
Predentinematrix poor
odontoblasts
Dentine structure
orofacial system
Owenstrips
Schregerlines
Lines associated
with curves of tubulesorofacial
system
Long period (Andresen)
lines (16-20 um)
Lines associated
with matrix
depositionand
mineralizationShort period (von Ebner´s) lines (2-4 um)
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Dentine tubulesTomes fibresNaumann sheath
orofacial system
Dentine structureExternal coatMantle dentine
Inner dentineCircumpulpal dentine
Predentine
10-30um; contains alfa-fibrills
Stripped; exhibits regular secretion and mineralization layers
Amorphous; area of synthesis; polymorphous, contains proteoglycans, tropocollagen, glycoproteins
orofacial system
Hypomineralized and
matrix rich
Tomes´s interglobular layerCzermak lacunae
orofacial system
Calcospherits - round or ball-like objectsMostly appear in the inner layer of circumpulpal dentin
orofacial system
Neonatal line
Incremental lines(associated with dentine maturation) Von EbnerAdresenNeonatalRelation between primary and secondary dentine
Mineralizing in birth
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Fluid movement odontoblast processess and nerves in the dentineInfluence sensitivityorofacial
Upper view on the teeth: pulp cavity shapes –pink areas; enters to root pulp pink spotsorofacial system
incorrect
correct
orofacial system
orofacial system
Immune activity
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Exchange of ionts between external environment and pulporofacial system
Testing drawings
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Arches
parabolic
hyperbolic
orofacial system
orofacial system
Contacts between antagonic teeth
Occlusal “compass“
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Angle classification: normoocclusion
orofacial system
Bodily shift
Mesial shift
Resorbtion-
Aposition+
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Edward Hartley Angle (1855 – 1930) an American dentist , widely regarded as the father of modern orthodontics .
orofacial system
orofacial system
Wilson curve
Spee curveorofacial system
frontal
lateral
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Central occlusion
Central relation
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overjet overbite
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Teeth as a whole complexmordex = dentition
• ortodental position (vertical axes of teeth)• articulation = occlusion
– 80% psalidodontia (scissor-like occlusion) = norm– progenia = lower teeth in front of the upper ones– (hiatodontia (= mordex apertus), stegodontia, prognathia,
opisthodontia)
orofacial system
Variations and
anomalies• Mesiodens• Paramolar• Tuberculum Carabelli• Divergention or convergention of roots• Fusion of roots• Intradental location of tooth (dens in dente)• Root hyperplasia
orofacial system
orofacial system
orofacial system
Lines important
for evaluation of the
extraction procedure
lines giving angle between axes of both the molars –yellow Mesiodistal crown width of M3 – redOcclusal plane – greenSpace for extraction - blueorofacial system
“to palate““to tongue“
“wedge from“
“contact form“
AbrasionVII classes
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? Tooth development = Odontogenesis ?
mesenchym(ectomesenchym or mesectoderm)
• Oral ectoderm• Mesoderm• Neural crest cells
Enamel develops from ectodermOther tissues from mesenchyme
orofacial system
SOUKUP, V. & ČERNÝ, R. (2007):Oral presentationOrální morfogeneze axolotla a první evidence vzniku zubů z entodermu u čelistnatců. Přednáška (V.S.) na konferenci Zoologické dny Brno 2007, 8.-9. 2. 2007.
CERNY, R & SOUKUP, V. (2009): Oral presentationThe origin of a dental regulatory network and the evolution of teeth. Morphology 2009, 45th International Congress on Anatomy and 45th Lojda Symposium on Histochemistry, Plzeň, 7.-9. 9.
V. Soukup, H. Epperlein, I. Horacek and R. Cerny, Dual epithelial origin of vertebrate oral teeth, Nature 455 (2008), pp. 795–796.
Potency to develop teeth relates to mesenchyme (neural crest cells order to epithelium: make tooth). In the case when above host endoderm lies donor ectoderm, tooth primordium develops from ectoderm and vice versa.
New theory ???: mesenchym is a source of signals ordering to tissues: make tooth, as well as a material for most of tooth parts.!!
Combined transplantation, based on labelled tissues:Transgenic (´green´ ectoderm , containing protein GFP) axolotle
Mexic axolotle (´red´ endoderm)
orofacial system
Second position
The similar demand “produces“ functional adaptation -
even “on-tooth“ tissues develop teeth-like structures
Relax position
orofacial system
orofacial system
Tooth development
• week 6 development of the dental lamina (dental molding)– Thick epithelium
inside oralmucous membrane
• Each molding has about 10 center of the proliferations– Dental buds
orofacial system
Předvádějící
Poznámky prezentace
Zubní lišta: a - retní val; b - žlábek předsíně; c - základ zubu (červeně) v zubní liště (růžově); d - Meckelova chrupavka; e - kost dolní čelisti;
Berkowitz et al.: Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology. 3rd ed.. Mosby 2002Woelfel, Scheid: Dental Anatomy, 6th ed. Williams & Wilkins, 2002Feneis, Dauber: Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy. Georg Thieme, 2007Weber: Memorix Zahnmedizin. 2nd. ed., Georg Thieme Verlag 2003Schuenke,Schulte,Schumacher: Head and Neuroanatomy. Thieme, 2006Fehrenbach,Herring: Anatomy of the Head and Neck. 3rd ed., Saunders Elsevier, 2007Snell: Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students. Williams and Wilkins, 2004 Moore, Agur: Essential Clinical Anatomy, Williams and Wilkins 2002Lang: Clinical Anatomy of the Masticatory Apparatus and Peripharyngeal Spaces. Stuttgart, Thieme, 1995White, Pharoah: Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation 5th ed., Mosby, 2003Bath-Balogh: Workbook for Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology and Anatomy. 2nd
ed. 2005, SaundersWhaites: Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology. 4th ed., 2006Churchill LivingstoneIvo Klepáček, J. Mazánek et al.: Klinická anatomie ve stomatologii. Grada 2002Own archive