Oracle Full QB

Oracle Question BankORACLE 7 CONCEPTS AND ARCHITECTURE DATABASE STRUCTURES.1.What are the components of Physical database structure of OracleDatabase?.ORACLEdatabaseiscomprisedofthree types of files. One or moreData files t!o are more Redo Lo" files and one or more Control files.#.What are the components of Lo"ical database structure ofORACLEdatabase?$ablespaces and the Database%s &chema Ob'ects.(. What is a $ablespace?A database is di)ided into Lo"ical &tora"e *nit called tablespaces. Atablespace is used to "rouped related lo"ical structures to"ether.+. What is &,&$E- tablespace and When is it Created?E)eryORACLEdatabasecontainsatablespacenamed&,&$E-!hichis automatically created !hen the database is created. $he &,&$E-tablespace al!ays contains the data dictionary tables for the entiredatabase... E/plain the relationship amon" Database $ablespace and Data file.Eachdatabaseslo"ically di)ided into one or more tablespaces One ormore data files are e/plicitly created for each tablespace.0. What is schema?A schema is collection of database ob'ects of a *ser.1. What are &chema Ob'ects ?&chemaob'ectsarethelo"icalstructuresthatdirectly refer tothe database%sdata.&chemaob'ects include tables )ie!s se2uencessynonyms inde/esclustersdatabasetri""ers procedures functionspac3a"es anddatabase lin3s.4. Can ob'ects of the same &chema reside in different tablespaces.?,es.5. Can a $ablespace hold ob'ects from different &chemes ? ,es.16. !hat is $able ?A table is the basic unit of data stora"e in an ORACLE database. $hetables of a database hold all of the user accessible data. $able data isstored in ro!s and columns.11. What is a 7ie! ?A)ie!isa)irtualtable. E)ery )ie! has a 8uery attachedto it. 9$he 8ueryisa&ELEC$statement that identifies the columnsand ro!s of the table9s: the )ie! uses.:1#. Do7ie! contain Data ? 7ie!s do not contain or store data.1(. Can a7ie! based on another 7ie! ? ,es.Page 1 of 93Oracle Question Bank1+. What are the ad)anta"es of 7ie!s ?Pro)ideanadditional le)el of table security by restrictin"access to a predetermined set of ro!s and columns of a table.;ide datacomple/ity. &implify commands for the user. Present the data in adifferent perpeceti)e from that of the base table. &tore comple/2ueries.1.. What is a &e2uence ?A se2uence "enerates a serial list of uni2ue numbers fornumerical columns of a database%s tables.10.What is a &ynonym ?A synonym is an alias for a table )ie! se2uence or pro"ramunit.11. What are the type of &ynonyms?$here are t!o types of &ynonyms Pri)ate and Public.14. What is a Pri)ate &ynonyms ?A Pri)ate &ynonyms can be accessed only by the o!ner.15. What is a Public &ynonyms ?A Public synonyms can be accessed by any user on the database.#6. What are synonyms used for ?&ynonymsare usedto E,constraint ? A column defined as *B=8*E can contain B*LLs !hile a columndefined as PR=-AR, >E, can%t contain Bulls..0. Describe Referential =nte"rity ?A rule defined on a column 9or set of columns: in one table thatallo!s the insertorupdateofaro!onlyif the )alue for thecolumn or set of columns9thedependent)alue:matchesa )alue in acolumn of a related table 9thereferenced)alue:. =t also specifiesthetypeofdata manipulationallo!edon referenced data and theaction to be performed on dependent data as a result of any action onreferenced data..1. What are the Referential actions supported by ?ORE=FB >E, inte"rityconstraint ?*PDA$E and DELE$E Restrict E A referential inte"rity rule thatdisallo!s the update or deletion of referenced data.DELE$E Cascade E When a referenced ro! is deleted all associateddependent ro!s are deleted..4. What is selfEreferential inte"rity constraint ?Page 5 of 93Oracle Question Bank=f a forei"n 3ey reference a parent 3ey of the same table iscalled selfEreferential inte"rity constraint..5. What are the Limitations of a C;EC> Constraint ?$heconditionmustbe a Coolean e/pression e)aluated usin"the )alues in the ro! bein" inserted or updated and can%t containsub2ueries se2uence the &,&DA$E*=D*&ERor*&EREB7&8L functionsor the pseudo columns LE7EL or ROWB*-.06.What is the ma/imum number of C;EC> constraints that can be definedon a column? Bo Limit.SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE01. What constitute an ORACLE =nstance ?&FA and ORACLE bac3"round processes constitute an ORACLEinstance. 9or: Combination of memory structure and bac3"round process.0#. What is &FA ?$he &ystem Flobal Area 9&FA: is a shared memory re"ion allocatedby ORACLE that contains data and control information for one ORACLEinstance.0(. What are the components of &FA?Database buffers Redo Lo" Cuffer the &hared Pool and Cursors.0+. What do Database Cuffers contain?Database buffers store the most recently used bloc3s of databasedata. =t can also contain modified data that has not yet beenpermanently !ritten to dis3.0.. What do Redo Lo" Cuffers contain?Redo Lo" Cuffer stores redo entries a lo" of chan"es made to thedatabase.00. What is &hared Pool ?&hared Pool is a portion of the &FA that contains shared memoryconstructs such as shared &8L areas.01. What is &hared &8L Area ?A &hared &8L area is re2uired to process e)ery uni2ue &8L statementsubmitted to a database and contains information such as the parse treeand e/ecution plan for the correspondin" statement.04. What is Cursor ?ACursor is a handle 9a name or pointer: for the memory associated !itha specific statement.05. What is PFA ?Pro"ram Flobal Area 9PFA: is a memory buffer that contains data andcontrol information for a ser)er process.16. What is *ser Process ?A user process is created and maintained to e/ecute the soft!are code ofan application pro"ram. =t is a shado! process created automatically tofacilitate communication bet!een the user and the ser)er process.Page 6 of 93Oracle Question Bank11. What is &er)er Process ?&er)er Process handle re2uests from connected user process. A ser)erprocess is in char"e of communicatin" !ith the user process andinteractin" !ith ORACLE carry out re2uests of the associated userprocess.1#. What are the t!o types of &er)er Confi"urations ?Dedicated &er)er Confi"uration and -ultiEthreaded &er)er Confi"uration.1(. What is Dedicated &er)er Confi"uration ?=n a Dedicated &er)er Confi"uration a &er)er Process handles re2uestsfor a &in"le *ser Process.1+. What is a -ultiEthreaded &er)er Confi"uration ?=na -ultiEthreaded &er)er Confi"uration many user processes share a"roup of ser)er process.1.. What is a Parallel &er)er option in ORACLE ?A confi"urationfor looselycoupled systems!here multipleinstanceshare a sin"le physical database is called Parallel &er)er.10. Bame the ORACLE Cac3"round Process ?DCWR E Database Writer.LFWR E Lo" WriterC>P$ E Chec3 Point&-OB E &ystem -onitorP-OB E Process -onitorARC; E Archi)erRECO E Reco)erDnnn E Dispatcher andLC>n E Loc3&nnn E &er)er.11.What Does DCWR do ?Database!riter!ritesmodified bloc3s from the database buffer cacheto the data files.14.When Does DCWR !rite to the database ?DCWR!rites!henmoredataneedstobe read into the &FA and toofe! databasebuffersare free. $he least recently used data is !rittento the data files first. DCWR also !rites !hen Chec3Point occurs.15. What does LFWR do ?Lo" Writer 9LFWR: !rites redo lo" entries "enerated in the redo lo"buffer of the &FA to onEline Redo Lo" ?ile.46. When does LFWR !rite to the database ?LFWR !ritesredolo"entriesintoanonElineredolo"file!hen transactions commit and the lo" buffer files are full.41. What is the function of chec3point9C>P$:?$heChec3point9C>P$:processisresponsibleforsi"nalin"DCWRat chec3pointsandupdatin"allthedatafilesand control filesof the database.4#. What are the functions of &-OB ?Page 7 of 93Oracle Question Bank&ystem-onitor 9&-OB:performs instance reco)ery at instance startEup.=n a multiple instance system 9one that uses the Parallel &er)er: &-OBof one instancecanalsoperform instance reco)ery for other instancethat ha)e failed &-OB also cleans up temporary se"ments that are nolon"er in use and reco)ersdeadtransactionss3ippeddurin"crashand instance reco)ery because offileEread or offEline errors. $hesetransactions are e)entually reco)eredby &-OB !hen the tablespace orfile is brou"ht bac3 onEline &-OB alsocoalescesfreee/tents!ithinthedatabasetoma3efree space conti"uous and easier to allocate.4(.What are functions of P-OB ?Process -onitor 9P-OB:performs process reco)ery !hen a user processfails P-OB is responsible for cleanin" up the cache and ?reein"resources that theprocess!as usin" P-OB also chec3s on dispatcherand ser)er processes and restarts them if they ha)e failed.4+.What is the function of ARC; ?Archi)er9ARC;: copies the onEline redo lo" files to archi)al stora"e!hen theyarefull.ARC; is acti)e only !hen a database%s redo lo" isused in ARC;=7ELOF mode.4.. What is function of RECO ?RECO)er 9RECO: is used to resol)e distributed transactions that arependin" due to a net!or3 or system failure in a distributeddatabase. At timed inter)alsthelocalRECOattemptstoconnecttoremote databases and automaticallycompletethe commit or rollbac3 ofthe local portion of any pendin" distributed transactions.40. What is the function of Dispatcher 9Dnnn: ?Dispatcher 9Dnnn:processisresponsibleforroutin"re2uestsfrom connected user processes to a)ailable shared ser)er processes andreturnin" the responses bac3 to the appropriate user processes.41. ;o! many Dispatcher Processes are created ?Atleast one Dispatcher process is created for e)ery communicationprotocol in use.44. What is the function of Loc3 9LC>n: Process ?Loc3 9LC>n: are used for interEinstance loc3in" !hen the ORACLEParallel &er)er option is used.45. What is the ma/imum number of Loc3 Processes used ?$hou"h a sin"le LC> process is sufficient for most Parallel &er)ersystemsupto $en Loc3s 9LC>6....LC>5: are used for interEinstance loc3in".DATA ACCESS56. Define $ransaction ?A$ransactionisalo"icalunit of !or3 that comprises one or more&8L statements e/ecuted by a sin"le user.Page 8 of 93Oracle Question Bank51. When does a $ransaction end ?When it is committed or Rollbac3ed.5#. What does CO--=$ do ?CO--=$ ma3es permanent the chan"es resultin" from all &8L statements inthe transaction. $he chan"es made by the &8L statements of a transactionbecome )isible tootherusersessionstransactionsthatstartonlyafter transaction is committed.5(. What does ROLLCAC> do ?ROLLCAC>retractsany of the chan"es resultin" from the &8L statementsin the transaction.5+. What is &A7E PO=B$ ??or lon" transactions that contain many &8L statementsintermediate mar3ersorsa)epointscanbedeclared!hichcanbeused to di)ide a transactionintosmallerparts.$his allo!s theoption of later rollin" bac3all!or3performedfromthe currentpoint in the transaction to a declared sa)epoint !ithin the transaction.5.. What is ReadEOnly $ransaction ?AReadEOnly transaction ensures that the results of each 2uery e/ecutedin the transaction are consistant !ith respect to the same point intime.50. What is the function of OptimiDer ?$he "oal of the optimiDer is to choose the most efficient !ay toe/ecute a &8L statement.51. What is E/ecution Plan ?$he combinations of the steps the optimiDer chooses to e/ecute astatement is called an e/ecution plan.54. Whatarethedifferent approaches used by OptimiDer in choosin"an e/ecution plan ?RuleEbased and CostEbased.55. What are the factors that affect OP$=-=GER in choosin" anOptimiDation approach ?$he OP$=-=GERH-ODE initialiDationparameter&tatisticsintheData Dictionary the OP$=-=GERHFOAL parameter of the AL$ER &E&&=OBcommand hints in the statement.166. What are the )alues that can be specified for OP$=-=GER -ODEParameter ?CO&$ and R*LE.161. Will the OptimiDer al!ays use CO&$Ebased approach if OP$=-=GERH-ODEis set to @Cost%?Presence of statistics in the data dictionary for atleast one of thetables accessed by the &8L statements is necessary for theOP$=-=GER to use CO&$Ebased approach. Other!ise OP$=-=GER chooses R*LEEbased approach.Page 9 of 93Oracle Question Bank16#. What is the effect of settin" the )alue of OP$=-=GERH-ODE to %R*LE%?$his)aluecauses the optimiDer to choose the ruleHbased approach forall &8Lstatementsissuedtotheinstancere"ardlessofthepresence of statistics.16(. What are the )alues that can be specified for OP$=-=GERHFOALparameter of the AL$ER &E&&=OB Command ?C;OO&EALLHROW&?=R&$HROW& and R*LE.16+. What is the effect of settin" the )alue @C;OO&E@ forOP$=-=GERHFOAL parameter of the AL$ER &E&&=OB Command ?$heOptimiDerchoosesCostHbased approach and optimiDes !ith the "oalof best throu"hput if statistics for atleast one of the tables accessedby the &8L statement e/ist in the data dictionary. Other!ise theOP$=-=GER chooses R*LEHbased approach.16.. What is the effect of settin" the )alue @ALLHROW&@ forOP$=-=GERHFOAL parameter of the AL$ER &E&&=OBcommand ?$his)aluecausestheoptimiDer to the costEbased approach forall&8L statementsinthe session re"ardless of the presence of statisticsand to optimiDe !ith a "oal of best throu"hput.160.What is theeffectofsettin"the)alue%?=R&$HROW&%for OP$=-=GERHFOAL parameter of the AL$ER &E&&=OB command ?$his)alue causes the optimiDer to use the costEbased approach for all&8L statementsinthe session re"ardless of the presence of statisticsand to optimiDe !ith a "oal of best response time.161. What is the effect of settin" the %R*LE% for OP$=-=ERHFOALparameter of the AL$ER &E&&=OB Command ?$his)aluecauses the optimiDer to choose the ruleEbased approach forall &8L statements in a session re"ardless of the presence ofstatistics.164. What is R*LEEbased approach to optimiDation ?Choosin" an e/ecutin" planbased on the access paths a)ailable and theran3s of these access paths.165. What is CO&$Ebased approach to optimiDation ?Considerin" a)ailable access paths and determinin" the mostefficient e/ecutionplanbasedon statistics in the data dictionaryfor the tables accessed by the statement and their associatedclustersand inde/es.PROGRAMMATIC CONSTRUCTS116.Whatarethedifferenttypesof PLI&8L pro"ram units that canbe defined and stored in ORACLE database ?Procedures and ?unctionsPac3a"es and Database $ri""ers.111. What is a Procedure ?Page 10 of 93Oracle Question BankA Procedure consist of a set of &8L and PLI&8L statements that are"rouped to"etheras a unit to sol)e a specific problem or perform a setof related tas3s.11#. What is difference bet!een Procedures and ?unctions ?A ?unction returns a )alue to the caller !here as a Procedure does not.11(. What is a Pac3a"e ?APac3a"eis a collection of related procedures functions )ariablesand other pac3a"e constructs to"ether as a unit in the database.11+. What are the ad)anta"es of ha)in" a Pac3a"e ?=ncreasedfunctionality9fore/ample"lobalpac3a"e)ariablescanbe declared and used by any proecdure in the pac3a"e: andperformance 9for e/ample all ob'ects of the pac3a"e are parsedcompiled and loaded into memory once:11.. What is Database $ri""er ?A Database $ri""er is procedure 9set of &8Land PLI&8L statements: thatis automaticallye/ecutedasaresult of an insert inupdate to ordelete from a table.110. What are the uses of Database $ri""er ?Databasetri""erscanbeusedto automatic data "eneration auditdata modifications enforce comple/ =nte"rity constraints and customiDecomple/ security authoriDations.111. What are the differences bet!een Database $ri""er and=nte"rity constraints ?Adeclarati)einte"rity constraint is a statement about the databasethat isal!ays true. A constraint applies to e/istin" data in the tableand any statement that manipulates the table.Atri""erdoesnotapplytodataloaded before the definition ofthe tri""er therefore it does not "uarantee all data in a tableconforms to the rules established by an associated tri""er.Atri""ercanbeusedtoenforcetransitional constraints !hereas a declarati)e inte"rity constraint cannot be used.DATABASE SECURITY114.What are Roles ?Rolesarenamed "roups of related pri)ile"es that are "ranted to usersor other roles.115. What are the use of Roles ?RED*CEDFRAB$=BFO? PR=7=LEFE& E Rather than e/plicitly "rantin" thesame setofpri)ile"estomany users a database administratorcan"rant the pri)ile"esfora"roup of related users "ranted to a roleand then "rant only the role to each member of the "roup.D,BA-=C PR=7=LEFE -ABAFE-EB$ E When the pri)ile"es of a "roup mustchan"e only the pri)ile"es of the role need to be modified. $hesecurity domains ofallusers"rantedthe "roup%s role automaticallyreflect the chan"es made to the role.Page 11 of 93Oracle Question Bank&ELEC$=7EA7A=LAC=L=$,O? PR=7=LEFE& E $he roles "ranted to a user canbe selecti)ely enable 9a)ailable for use: or disabled 9nota)ailable for use:. $his allo!s specific control of a user%spri)ile"es in any "i)en situation.APPL=CA$=OB AWAREBE&&EAdatabaseapplicationcanbedesi"nedto automatically enable and disable selecti)e roles !hen a userattempts to use the application.1#6. ;o! to pre)ent unauthoriDed use of pri)ile"es "ranted to a Role ?Cy creatin" a Role !ith a pass!ord.1#1. What is default tablespace ?$he $ablespace to contain schema ob'ects created !ithoutspecifyin" a tablespace name.1##. What is $ablespace 8uota ?$he collecti)e amount of dis3 space a)ailable to the ob'ects in a schemaon a particular tablespace.1#(. What is a profile ?Eachdatabaseuserisassi"neda Profile that specifies limitationson )arious system resources a)ailable to the user.1#+. What are the system resources that can be controlled throu"hProfile ?$he number of concurrent sessions the user can establish the CP*processin" time a)ailable to the user%s session the CP* processin" timea)ailable to a sin"lecalltoORACLEmade by a &8L statement theamount of lo"ical =IO a)ailabletotheuser%ssession the amout oflo"ical =IO a)ailable to a sin"le call to ORACLE made by a &8Lstatement the allo!ed amount of idle timefortheuser%ssessionthe allo!ed amount of connect time for the user%s session.1#.. What is Auditin" ?-onitorin" of user access to aid in the in)esti"ation of database use.1#0. What are the different Le)els of Auditin" ?&tatement Auditin" Pri)ile"e Auditin" and Ob'ect Auditin".1#1. What is &tatement Auditin" ?&tatement auditin" is the auditin" of the po!erful systempri)ile"es !ithout re"ard to specifically named ob'ects.1#4. What is Pri)ile"e Auditin" ?Pri)ile"e auditin" is the auditin" of the use of po!erful systempri)ile"es !ithout re"ard to specifically named ob'ects.1#5. What is Ob'ectAuditin" ?Ob'ect auditin" is the auditin" of accesses to specific schemaob'ects !ithout re"ard to user.DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTED DATABASES1(6. What is Distributed database ?Page 12 of 93Oracle Question BankA distributed database is a net!or3 of databases mana"ed bymultiple databaseser)ersthatappearsto a user as sin"le lo"icaldatabase. $he dataofalldatabasesin the distributed database canbe simultaneously accessed and modified.1(1.What is $!oEPhase Commit ?$!oEphase commit is mechanism that "uarantees a distributedtransaction either commits on all in)ol)ed nodes or rolls bac3 on allin)ol)ed nodes to maintain data consistency across the "lobaldistributed database. =t has t!o phase a Prepare Phase and a CommitPhase.1(#. Describe t!o phases of $!oEphase commit ?Prepare phase E $he "lobal coordinator 9initiatin" node: as3 aparticipants to prepare 9to promise to commit or rollbac3 thetransaction e)en if there is afailure:CommitEPhase E =f all participants respond to the coordinator thatthey are prepared the coordinator as3s all nodes to commit thetransaction if all participants cannot prepare the coordinatoras3s all nodes to roll bac3 the transaction.1((. What is the mechanism pro)ided by ORACLE for table replication ?&napshots and &BAP&;O$ LOFs1(+. What is a &BAP&;O$ ?&napshotsarereadEonly copies of a master table located on a remotenode !hichisperiodicallyrefreshedtoreflectchan"es made tothe master table.1(.. What is a &BAP&;O$ LOF ?Asnapshotlo"is a table in the master database that is associated!ith themastertable.ORACLE uses a snapshot lo" to trac3 the ro!sthat ha)e beenupdatedinthe master table. &napshot lo"s are used inupdatin" the snapshots based on the master table.1(0. What is a &8L J BE$?&8L JBE$ is ORACLE%s mechanism for interfacin" !ith thecommunication protocols used by the net!or3s that facilitatedistributed processin" and distributeddatabases.=tisusedinClintE&er)erand&er)erE&er)er communications.DATABASE OPERATION BACKUP AND RECO!ERY1(1. What are the steps in)ol)ed in Database &tartup ?&tart an instance -ount the Database and Open the Database.1(4. What are the steps in)ol)ed in Database &hutdo!n ?Close the Database Dismount the Database and &hutdo!n the =nstance.1(5. What isRestricted -ode of =nstance &tartup ?Aninstancecan be started in 9or later altered to be in: restrictedmode sothat!henthedatabase is open connections are limited onlyto those !hoseuseraccountsha)ebeen"rantedtheRE&$R=C$ED&E&&=OB system pri)ile"e.Page 13 of 93Oracle Question Bank1+6. What are the different modes of mountin" a Database !ith theParallel &er)er ?E/clusi)e-ode=fthefirstinstance that mounts a database does soin e/clusi)e mode only that =nstance can mount the database.Parallel-ode =f the first instance that mounts a database is startedin parallelmodeother instances that are started in parallel modecan also mount the database.1+1. What is ?ull Cac3up ?A full bac3up is an operatin" system bac3up of all data files onElineredo lo"filesandcontrolfilethatconstituteORACLEdatabaseand the parameter.1+#. Can ?ull Cac3up be performed !hen the database is open ?Bo.1+(. What is Partial Cac3up ?A Partial Cac3up is any operatin" system bac3up short of a fullbac3up ta3en !hile the database is open or shut do!n.1++.WhatisOnElineRedoLo"?$he OnEline Redo Lo" is a set of to! or more onEline redo files thatrecord all committed chan"es made to the database. Whene)er atransaction is committedthecorrespondin"redo entries temporarilystores in redo lo" buffersofthe&FAare!rittentoanonElineredolo" file by the bac3"roundprocessLFWR.$he onEline redo lo"files are used in cyclical fashion.1+..What is -irrored onEline Redo Lo" ?AmirroredonElineredo lo" consists of copies of onEline redo lo"files physically located on separate dis3s chan"es made to onemember of the "roup are made to all members.1+0. What is Archi)ed Redo Lo" ?Archi)ed Redo Lo" consists of Redo Lo" files that ha)earchi)ed before bein" reused.1+1.Whatarethead)anta"es of operatin" a database in ARC;=7ELOFmode o)er operatin" it in BO ARC;=7ELOF mode ?Complete database reco)ery from dis3 failure is possible only inARC;=7ELOF mode.Online database bac3up is possible only in ARC;=7ELOF mode.1+4. What is Lo"&!itch ?$hepointat!hichORACLEends !ritin" to one online redo lo" fileand be"ins !ritin" to another is called a lo" s!itch.1+5. What are the steps in)ol)ed in =nstanceReco)ery ?RHollin" for!ard to reco)er data that has not been recorded in datafiles yethasbeen recordedin the onEline redo lo" includin" thecontents of rollbac3 se"ments.Rollin" bac3 transactions that ha)e been e/plicitly rolled bac3 or ha)enot been committed as indicated by the rollbac3 se"ments re"enerated instep a. Page 14 of 93Oracle Question BankReleasin" any resources 9loc3s: held by transactions in process at thetime of the failure.Resol)in"anypendin"distributedtransactionsunder"oin"a t!oEphase commit at the time of the instance failure.Data Bas" A#$inistration=ntroduction to DCA1. What is a Database instance ? E/plainA database instance 9&er)er:is aset ofmemory structureandbac3"round processes that access a set of database files.$he process can be shared by all users.$hememorystructurethatareusedtostoremost2ueried datafrom database. $his helps up to impro)e database performance bydecreasin" the amount of =IO performed a"ainst data file.#. What is Parallel &er)er ?-ultiple instances accessin"thesamedatabase9Only=n-ultiECP* en)ironments:(. What is a &chema ?$he set of ob'ects o!ned by user account is called the schema.+.What is an =nde/ ? ;o! it is implemented in Oracle Database ?Aninde/is a database structure used by the ser)er to ha)e directaccess of a ro! in a table.An inde/ is automatically created !hen a uni2ue of primary 3eyconstraint clause is specified in create table comman 97er 1.6:.. What is clusters ?Froupoftablesphysicallystoredto"etherbecausethey sharecommon columns and are often used to"ether is called Cluster.0. What is a cluster >ey ?$he related columns of the tables are called the cluster 3ey. $hecluster 3eyis inde/ed usin" a cluster inde/ and its )alue is storedonly once for multiple tables in the cluster.1. What are the basic element of Case confi"uration of an oracleDatabase ?=t consists of one or more data files. one or more control files.Page 15 of 93Oracle Question Bank t!o or more redo lo" files.$he Database contains multiple usersIschemas one or more rollbac3 se"ments one or more tablespaces Data dictionary tables *ser ob'ects 9tableinde/es)ie!s etc.:$he ser)er that access the database consists of &FA 9Database buffer Dictionary Cache Cuffers Redo lo"buffers &hared &8L pool: &-OB 9&ystem -OBito: P-OB 9Process -OBitor: LFWR 9LoFWrite: DCWR 9Data Case Write: ARC; 9ARC;i)er: C>P$9Chec3 Point: RECO Dispatcher *ser Process !ith associated PF&4. What is a deadloc3 ? E/plain .$!oprocesses !atin" to update the ro!s of a table !hich are loc3ed bythe other process then deadloc3 arises.=n a database en)ironment this !ill often happen because of notissuin" proper ro! loc3 commands. Poor desi"n of frontEendapplication may cause this situation and the performance of ser)er !illreduce drastically.$hese loc3s !ill be released automatically !hen a commitIrollbac3operation performed or any one of this processes bein" 3illede/ternally.MEMORY MANAGEMENT5. What is &FA ? ;o! it is different from7er 0.6 and 7er 1.6 ?$he&ystem FlobalAreainaOracle database is the area in memoryto facilitatesthetransferof information bet!een users. =t holdsthe most recently re2uested structural information bet!een users. =tholds the most recently re2uested structural information about thedatabase.$hestructureisDatabase buffers Dictionary cache Redo Lo" Cufferand &hared &8L pool 9)er 1.6 only: area.16. What is a &hared &8L pool ?$he data dictionary cache is stored in an area in &FA called the &hared&8L Pool.$his!illallo!sharin" of parsed &8L statements amon"concurrent users.11. What is mean by Pro"ram Flobal Area 9PFA: ?=t is area in memory that is used by a &in"le Oracle *ser Process.Page 16 of 93Oracle Question Bank1#. What is a data se"ment ?Datase"mentarethe physical areas !ithin a database bloc3 in !hichthe data associated !ith tables and clusters are stored.1(. What are the factors causin" the reparsin" of &8L statements in &FA?Due to insufficient &hared &8L pool siDe.-onitor theratioofthereloadsta3esplace!hilee/ecutin"&8L statements. =f the ratio is "reater than 1 thenincreasethe &;AREDHPOOLH&=GE.LOGICAL % PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF DATABASE.1+. What isDatabase Cuffers ?Database buffers are cache in the &FA used to hold the data bloc3s thatare read from the data se"ments in the database such as tablesinde/es and clusters DCHCLOC>HC*??ER& parameter in =B=$.ORA decides thesiDe.1.. What is dictionary cache ?Dictionarycache is information about the databse ob'ects stored in adata dictionary table.10. What is meant by recursi)e hints ?Bumber of times processes repeatedly 2uery the dictionary table iscalled recursi)ehints.=tis due to the data dictionary cache is toosmall. Cy increasin"the &;AREDHPOOLH&=GE parameter !e can optimiDe thesiDe of Data Dictionary Cache.11. What is meant by redo lo" buffer ?Chan"emadeto entries are !ritten to the onEline redo lo" files. &othat theycanbeusedin roll for!ard operations durin" databasereco)eries. Cefore!ritin"themintothe redo lo" files they !illfirst brou"ht to redolo"buffersin&FAandLFWR!ill!riteinto files fre2uently.LOFHC*??ER parameter !ill decide the siDe.14. ;o! !ill you s!ap ob'ects into a different table space for ane/istin" database ?E/port the userPerform import usin" the command imp systemImana"erfileKe/port.dmp inde/fileKne!rite.s2l. $his !ill create all definitionsinto ne!file.s2l.Drop necessary ob'ects.Run the script ne!file.s2l after alterin" the tablespaces.Page 17 of 93Oracle Question Bank=mport from the bac3up for the necessary ob'ects.15.Listthe Optional ?le/ible Architecture 9O?A: of Oracle database ?or ;o!can!eor"anisethetablespaces in Oracle database to ha)ema/imum performance ?&,&$E- E Data dictionary tables.DA$AE &tandard operational tables.DA$A#E &tatic tables used for standard operations=BDELE& E =nde/es for &tandard operational tables.=BDELE&1 E =nde/es of static tables used for standard operations.$OOL& E $ools table.$OOL&1 E =nde/es for tools table.RC& E &tandard Operations Rollbac3 &e"mentsRC&1RC E AdditionalI&pecial Rollbac3 se"ments.$E-P E $emporary purpose tablespace$E-PH*&ER E $emporary tablespace for users.*&ER& E *ser tablespace.#6. ;o! !ill you force database to use particular rollbac3 se"ment ?&E$ $RAB&AC$=OB *&E ROLLCAC> &EF-EB$ rbsHname.#1. What is meant by free e/tent ?A free e/tent is a collection of continuous free bloc3s in tablespace.When a se"ment is dropped its e/tents are reallocated and are mar3ed asfree.##. ;o! free e/tents are mana"ed in 7er 0.6 and 7er 1.6 ??ree e/tents cannot be mer"ed to"ether in 7er 0.6.?ree e/tents are periodically coalesces !ith the nei"hborin" free e/tentin7er 1.6#(.Which parameter in &tora"e clause !ill reduce no. of ro!s per bloc3?PC$?REE parameterRo! siDe also reduces no of ro!s per bloc3.#+. What is the si"nificance of ha)in" stora"e clause ?Wecanplanthestora"eforatableas ho! much initial e/tentsare re2uiredho!much can be e/tended ne/t ho! much M should lea)efree for mana"in" ro! updations etc.#.. ;o! does &pace allocation table place !ithin a bloc3 ?Each bloc3 contains entries as follo!s?i/ied bloc3 header7ariable bloc3 headerRo! ;eaderro! date 9multiple ro!s may e/ists:PC$EREE 9M offree space for ro! updation in future:#0. What is the role of PC$?REE parameter is &tora"e clause ?Page 18 of 93Oracle Question Bank$his is used to reser)e certain amount of space in a bloc3 for e/pansionof ro!s.#1. What is the OP$=-AL parameter ?=t is used to set the optimal len"th of a rollbac3 se"ment.#4. What is the functionality of &,&$E- table space ?$o mana"e the database le)el transactions such as modifications of thedata dictionary table that record information about the free spaceusa"e.#5. ;o! !ill you create multiple rollbac3 se"ments in a database ?Createadatabase !hich implicitly creates a &,&$E- Rollbac3 &e"mentin a &,&$E- tablespace.Create a &econd Rollbac3 &e"ment name R6in the &,&$E- tablespace.-a3ene!rollbac3 se"ment a)ailable 9After shutdo!n modify init.orafile and &tart database:Create other tablespaces 9RC&:for rollbac3 se"ments.Deacti)ate Rollbac3 &e"ment R6 and acti)ate the ne!ly createdrollbac3 se"ments.(6. ;o! the space utilisation ta3es place !ithin rollbac3 se"ments ?=t !ill try to fit the transaction in a cyclic fashion to alle/istin" e/tents.Once it found an e/tent is in use then it forced toac2uire a ne! e/tent 9Bo. of e/tents is based on the optimal siDe:(1. Why 2uery fails sometimes ?Rollbac3se"mentdynamicallye/tentto handle lar"er transactionsentry loads.A sin"le transaction may !ipeout all a)aliable free space in theRollbac3 &e"ment $ablespace. $his pre)ents other user usin" Rollbac3se"ments.(#. ;o! !ill you monitor the space allocation ?Cy 2uerin" DCAH&EF-EB$ tableI)ie!.((. ;o!!ill you monitor rollbac3 se"ment status ?8ueryin" the DCAHROLLCAC>H&EF& )ie!=B *&E E Rollbac3 &e"ment is onEline.A7A=LACLE E Rollbac3 &e"ment a)ailable but not onEline.O??EL=BEE Rollbac3 &e"ment offEline=B7AL=DE Rollbac3 &e"ment Dropped.BEED& RECO7ER,E Contains data but need reco)ery or corupted.Page 19 of 93Oracle Question BankPAR$L, A7A=LACLE E Contains data from an unresol)ed transactionin)ol)in" a distributed database.(+. List the se2uence of e)ents !hen a lar"e transaction thate/ceeds beyonditsoptimal)alue!henanentry!raps and causesthe rollbac3 se"ment to e/pand into another e/tend.$ransaction Ce"ins.An entry is made in the RE& header for ne! transactions entry$ransaction ac2uires bloc3s in an e/tent of RC&$heentryattempts to !rap into second e/tent. Bone is a)ailable sothat the RC& must e/tent.$he RC& chec3s to see if it is part of its OP$=-AL siDe.RC& chooses its oldest inacti)e se"ment.Oldest inacti)e se"ment is eliminated.RC& e/tents$he Data dictionary table for space mana"ement are updated.$ransaction Completes.(.. ;o! can !e plan stora"e for )ery lar"e tables ?Limit the number of e/tents in the table&eparate $able from its inde/es.Allocate &ufficient temporary stora"e.(0. ;o! !ill you estimate the space re2uired by a nonEclustered tables?Calculate the total header siDeCalculate the a)ailable dataspace per data bloc3Calculate the combined column len"ths of the a)era"e ro!Calculate the total a)era"e ro! siDe.Calculate the a)era"e number ro!s that can fit in a bloc3Calculate the number of bloc3s and bytes re2uired for the table.Afterarri)in" the calculation add 16 M additional space to calculatethe initial e/tent siDe for a !or3in" table.(1.=tispossibletousera!de)icesas data files and !hat isthe ad)anta"es o)er file. system files ?,es.$he ad)anta"es o)er file system files.=IO!illbeimpro)edbecauseOracleisbyeEpassin" the 3ernnel!hich !ritin" into dis3.Dis3 Corruption !ill be )ery less.(4. What is a Control file ?Database%s o)erall physical architecture is maintained in a filecalled controlfile.=t!ill be used to maintain internal consistencyPage 20 of 93Oracle Question Bankand "uide reco)ery operations. -ultiple copies of control files aread)isable.(5. ;o! to implement the multiple control files for an e/istin" database?&hutdo!n the databseCopy one of the e/istin" control file to ne! locationEdit Confi" ora file by addin" ne! control file.nameRestart the database.+6. What is meant by Redo Lo" file mirrorrin" ? ;o! it can be achie)ed?Process of ha)in" a copy of redo lo" files is called mirrorin".$hiscan be achie)ed by creatin" "roup of lo" files to"ether so thatLFWR !illautomatically!ritesthem to all the members of the currentonEline redo lo" "roup. =f any one "roup fails then databaseautomatically s!itch o)er to ne/t "roup. =t de"rades performance.+1. What is ad)anta"e of ha)in" dis3 shado!in"I -irrorin" ?&hado!set of dis3s sa)e as a bac3up in the e)ent of dis3 failure. =nmost Operatin" &ystem if any dis3 failure occurs it automaticallys!itcho)er to place of failed dis3.=mpro)ed performance because most O& support )olume shado!in" candirect file=IO re2uest to use the shado! set of files instead of themain set of files. $his reduces =IO load on the main set of dis3s.+#. What is use of Rollbac3 &e"ments =n Database ?$hey allo! the database to maintain read consistency bet!eenmultiple transactions.+(. What is a Rollbac3 se"ment entry ?=tisthesetofbeforeima"edata bloc3s that contain ro!s thatare modified by a transaction.Each Rollbac3 &e"ment entry must be completed !ithin onerollbac3 se"ment.A sin"le rollbac3 se"ment can ha)e multiple rollbac3 se"ment entries.++. What is hitratio ?=tisameasureof!ell the data cache buffer is handlin" re2uestsfor data.;it Ratio K 9Lo"ical Reads E Physical Reads E ;its -isses:I Lo"icalReads.+.. When !ill be a se"ment released ?When &e"ment is dropped.When &hrin3 9RC& only:When truncated 9$R*BCA$E used !ith drop stora"e option:Page 21 of 93Oracle Question Bank+0. What are disad)ante"es of ha)in" ra! de)ices ?Weshoulddependone/portIimportutilityforbac3upIreco)ery9fully reliable:$he tar command cannot be used for physical file bac3up instead !e canuse dd command !hich is less fle/ible and has limited reco)eries.+1. List the factors that can affect the accuracy of the estimations ?$he space used transaction entries and deleted records does not becomefree immediately after completion due to delayed cleanout.$raillin" nulls and len"th bytes are not stored.=nserts of updates to and deletes of ro!s as !ell as columns lar"erthan a sin"le databloc3 can cause fra"mentation an chained ro! pieces.DATABASE SECURITY % ADMINISTRATION+4. What is user Account in Oracle database ?Anuseraccountis not a physical structure in Database but it isha)in" importantrelationshiptothe ob'ects in the database and !illbe ha)in" certain pri)ile"es.+5. ;o! !ill you enforce security usin" stored procedures ?Don%t "rant user access directly to tables !ithin the application.=nstead "rant the ability to access the procedures that access thetables.When procedure e/ecuted it !ill e/ecute the pri)ile"e of procedureso!ner. *sers cannot access tables e/cept )ia the procedure..6. What are the dictionary tables used to monitor a database spaces ?DCAH?REEH&PACEDCAH&EF-EB$&DCAHDA$AH?=LE&..1. What are the responsibilities of a Database Administrator ?=nstallin" and up"radin" the Oracle &er)er and application tools.Allocatin"system stora"e and plannin" future stora"e re2uirements forthe databasesystem.-ana"in" primary database structures 9tablespaces:-ana"in" primary ob'ects 9table)ie!sinde/es:Enrollin" users and maintainin" system security.Ensurin" compliance !ith Oralce license a"reementControllin" and monitorin" user access to the database.-onitorin" and optimisin" the performance of the database.Plannin" for bac3up and reco)ery of database information.-aintain archi)ed data on tapePage 22 of 93Oracle Question BankCac3in" up and restorin" the database.Contactin" Oracle Corporation for technical support..#.Whatarethe rolesand user accounts created automatically !iththe database ?DCA E role Contains all database system pri)ile"es.&,&useraccountE $he DCA role !ill be assi"ned to this account. Allof thebasetablesand)ie!s for the database%s dictionary are storein this schema and are manipulated only by ORACLE.&,&$E- user account E =t has all the system pri)ile"es for the databaseand additional tables and )ie!s that display administrati)einformation and internaltablesand)ie!susedbyoracle tools arecreated usin" this username..+. What are the database administrators utilities a)aliable ?&8L J DCA E $his allo!s DCA to monitor and control an ORACLE database.&8LJLoaderE=t loads data from standard operatin" system files9?lat files: into ORACLE database tables.E/port9ELP: and =mport 9imp: utilities allo! you to mo)e e/istin" datain ORACLE format to and from ORACLE database....Whataretheminimumparameters should e/ist in the parameterfile 9init.ora: ?DCBA-EE-ustset to a te/t strin" of no more than 4 characters andit !illbestored inside the datafiles redo lo" files and controlfiles and control file !hile database creation.DCHDO-A=BE=tisstrin"thatspecifiesthe net!or3 domain !herethe databaseiscreated.$he"lobaldatabase name is identified bysettin" these parameters 9DCHBA-E A DCHDO-A=B:COB$ORL?=LE&E List of control filenames of the database. =f name isnot mentioned then default name !ill be used.DCHCLOC>HC*??ER&E$odetermine the no of buffers in the buffer cachein &FA.PROCE&&E&E$o determine number of operatin" system processes that canbe connected to ORACLE concurrently. $he )alue should be .9bac3"round process: and additional 1 for each user.ROLLCAC>H&EF-EB$& E List of rollbac3 se"ments an ORACLE instanceac2uires at database startup.Also optionally L=CEB&EH-ALH&E&&=OB&L=CEB&EH&E&&=OBHWARB=BFand L=CEB&EH-ALH*&ER&..0. What is a trace file and ho! is it created ?Page 23 of 93Oracle Question BankEach ser)er and bac3"round process can !rite an associated trace file.When an internalerrorisdetectedbyaprocess or user processit dumps informationaboutthe error to its trace. $his can be usedfor tunin" the database..1. What are roles ? ;o! can !e implement roles ?Rolesarethe easiest !ay to "rant and mana"e common pri)ile"es neededby different "roups of database users.Creatin" roles and assi"nin" pro)ies to roles.Assi"n each role to "roup of users. $his !ill simplify the 'ob ofassi"nin" pri)ile"es to indi)idual users..4.Whatare the steps to s!itch a database%s archi)in" mode bet!eenBO ARC;=7ELOF and ARC;=7ELOF mode ? 1. &hutdo!n the database instance. #. Cac3up the databse (. Perform any operatin" system specific steps 9optional: +. &tart up a ne! instance and mount but do not open the databse. .. &!itch the databse%s archi)in" mode..5. ;o! can you enable automatic archi)in" ? &hut the database Cac3up the database -odifyI=nclude LOFHARC;=7EH&$AR$H$R*E in init.ora file. &tart up the databse.06. ;o! can !e specify the Archi)ed lo" file name format and destination?Cy settin" the follo!in" )alues in init.ora file.LOFHARC;=7EH?OR-A$ K arch M&IsI$Itarc 9M& E Lo" se2uence number and isDero leftpadedMsELo"se2uencenumbernotpadded. M$ E$hread number lefEDeroEpadedandMt E$hread number not padded:. $hefile name created is arch 6661 are if M& is used.LOFHARC;=7EHDE&$ K path.01. What is the use ofABAL,GE command?$o perform one of these function on an inde/table or cluster< Etocollect statisties about ob'ect used by the optimiDer andstore them in the data dictionary. Etodelete statistics about the ob'ect used by ob'ect from thedata dictionary. E to )alidate the structure of the ob'ect. E to identify mi"rated and chained ro!s of the table or cluster.-ABAF=BF D=&$R=C*$ED DA$ACA&E&.0#. ;o! can !e reduce the net!or3 traffic ? E Replictaion of data in distributed en)ironment.Page 24 of 93Oracle Question Bank E *sin" snapshots to replicate data. E *sin" remote procedure calls.0(. What is snapshots ?&napshot is an ob'ect used to dynamically replicate data bet!eendistribute database at specifiedtime inter)als. =n )er 1.6 they areread only.0+. What are the )arious type of snapshots ?&imple and Comple/.0.. Differentiate simple and comple/ snapshots ? EAsimple snapshot is based on a 2uery that does not containsFRO*P C, clauses COBBEC$ C, clauses NO=Bs subE2uery or snashot ofoperations. E A comple/ snapshots contain atleast any one of the abo)e.00. What dynamic data replication ?*pdatin" or =nsertin" records in remote database throu"h databasetri""ers. =t may fail if remote database is ha)in" any problem.01. ;o! can you Enforce Refrencial =nte"rityin snapshots ?$ime the references to occur !hen master tables are not in use. Peform the reference the manually immdiately loc3in" the master tables.Wecan 'ointables in snopshots by creatin" a comple/ snapshots that!ill based on the master tables.04. What are the options a)ailable torefresh snapshots ?CO-PLE$E E $ables are completly re"enerated usin" thesnapshot%s 2uery and the master tables e)ery time the snapshotreferenced.?A&$E =f simple snapshot used then a snapshot lo" can be used to sendthe chan"es tothe snapshot tables.?ORCE E Default )alue. =f possible it performs a ?A&$ refreshOOther!ise it !ill perform a complete refresh.05. !hat is snapshot lo" ?=tis a table that maintains a record of modifications to the mastertable inasnapshot.=t is storedin the same database as mastertable and is onlya)ailable for simple snapshots.=t should be createdbefore creatin" snapshots.16. When !ill the data in the snapshot lo" be used ?Wemust be able to create a after ro! tri""er on table 9i.e. it shouldbe not be already a)ailable :After "i)in" table pri)ile"es.Page 25 of 93Oracle Question BankWecannotspecifysnapshotlo" name because oracle uses the name ofthe mastertable in the name of the database ob'ects that support itssnapshot lo".$he master table name should be less than or e2ual to #( characters.9$hetablename created !ill be -LOF&Htablename and tri""er name !illbe $LOF& name:.1#. What are the benefits of distributed options in databases ?Databaseonotherser)erscanbe updated and those transactions canbe "rouped to"ether !ith others in a lo"ical unit.Database uses a t!o phase commit.MANAGING BACKUP % RECO!ERY1(. What are the different methods of bac3in" up oracle database ? E Lo"ical Cac3ups E Cold Cac3ups E ;ot Cac3ups 9Archi)e lo":1+. What is a lo"ical bac3up ?Lo"icalbac3upin)ol)es readin" a set of databse records and !ritin"them into a file. E/port utility is used for ta3in" bac3up and =mportutility is used to reco)er from bac3up.1.. What is cold bac3up ? What are the elements of it ?Cold bac3up is ta3in" bac3up of all physical files after normal shutdo!nof database.We need to ta3e. E All Data files. E All Control files. E All onEline redo lo" files. E $he init.ora file 9Optional:10. What are the different 3ind of e/port bac3ups ??ull bac3E Complete database=ncremental E Only affected tables from last incrementaldateIfull bac3up date.Cumulati)e bac3up E Only affected table from the last cumulati)edateIfull bac3up date.11. What is hot bac3up and ho! it can be ta3en ?$a3in"bac3upofarchi)elo"files !hen database is open. ?or thisthe ARC;=7ELOFmodeshouldbe enabled. $he follo!in" files need to bebac3ed up. All data files. AllArchi)e lo" redo lo" files. All control files.14. What is the use of ?=LE option in ELP command ?$o "i)e the e/port file name.Page 26 of 93Oracle Question Bank15. What is the use of CO-PRE&& option in ELP command ??la"toindicate!hether e/port should compress fra"mented se"mentsinto sin"le e/tents.46. What is the use of FRAB$ option in ELP command ?Afla"toindicate !hether "rants on databse ob'ects !ill be e/portedor not. 7alue is %,%or %B%.41. What is the use of =BDELE& option in ELP command ?A fla" to indicate !hether inde/es on tables !ill be e/ported.4#. What is the use of ROW& option in ELP command ??la"toindicate!hethertable ro!s should be e/ported. =f %B% onlyDDL statements for the databse ob'ects !ill be created.4(. What is the use of COB&$RA=B$& option in ELP command ?A fla" to indicate !hether constraints on table need to be e/ported.4+. What is the use of ?*LL option in ELP command ?A fla" to indicate !hether full databse e/port should be performed.4.. What is the use of OWBER option in ELP command ?List of table accounts should be e/ported.40. What is the use of $ACLE& option in ELP command ?List of tables should be e/ported.41. What is the use of RECORD LEBF$; option in ELP command ?Record len"th in bytes.44. What is the use of =BC$,PE option in ELP command ?$ype e/port should be performed CO-PLE$EC*-*LA$=7E=BCRE-EB$AL.45. What is the use of RECORD option in ELP command ??or =ncremental e/ports the fla" indirects !hether a record !ill bestores data dictionary tables recordin" the e/port.56. What is the use of PAR?=LE option in ELP command ?Bame of the parameter file to be passed for e/port.51. What is the use of PAR?=LE option in ELP command ?Bame of the parameter file to be passed for e/port.5#.What is the use of ABAL,&E 9 7er 1: option inELP command ?Page 27 of 93Oracle Question BankA fla" to indicate !hether statistical information about thee/ported ob'ects should be !ritten to e/port dump file.5(.What is the use of COB&=&$EB$ 97er 1: option inELP command ?A fla" to indicate !hether a read consistent )ersion of all thee/ported ob'ects should be maintained.5+. What is use of LOF 97er 1: option inELP command ?$he name of the file !hich lo" of the e/port !ill be !ritten.5..What is the use of ?=LE option in=-P command ?$he name of the file from !hich import should be performed.50.What is the use of &;OW option in =-P command ?A fla" to indicate !hether file content should be displayed or not.51.What is the use of =FBORE option in =-P command ?Afla"to indicate !hether the import should i"nore errors encounter!hen issuin" CREA$E commands.54. What is the use of FRAB$ option in =-P command ?A fla" to indicate !hether "rants on database ob'ects !ill be imported.55. What is the use of =BDELE& option in =-P command ?A fla" to indicate !hether import should import inde/ on tables or not.166. What is the use of ROW& option in =-P command ?Afla"to indicate !hether ro!s should be imported. =f this is set to%B% then only DDL for databaseob'ects!ill be e/ectued.SQL PLUS STATEMENTS1. What are the types of &8L &tatement ?Data Definition Lan"ua"e < CREA$EAL$ERDROP$R*BCA$ERE7O>EBOA*D=$ A CO--=$.Data -anipulation Lan"ua"e < =B&ER$*PDA$EDELE$ELOC> $ACLEELPLA=BPLAB A &ELEC$.$ransactional Control < CO--=$ A ROLLCAC>&ession Control < AL$ER&E&&=OB A &E$ ROLE&ystem Control < AL$ER &,&$E-.#. What is a transaction ?Page 28 of 93Oracle Question Bank$ransaction is lo"ical unit bet!een t!o commits and commit and rollbac3.(. What is difference bet!een $R*BCA$E A DELE$E ?$R*BCA$E commits after deletin" entire table i.e. can not be rolledbac3. Database tri""ers do not fire on $R*BCA$EDELE$Eallo!s the filtered deletion. Deleted records can be rolled bac3or committed.Database tri""ers fire on DELE$E.+. What is a 'oin ? E/plain the different types of 'oins ?Noin is a 2uery !hich retrie)es related columns or ro!s frommultiple tables.&elf Noin E Noinin" the table !ith itself.E2ui Noin E Noinin" t!o tables by e2uatin" t!o common columns.BonEE2ui Noin E Noinin" t!o tables by e2uatin" t!o common columns.Outer Noin E Noinin" t!o tables in such a !ay that 2uery can alsoretri)e ro!s that do not ha)e correspondin" 'oin )alue in the othertable... What is the&ub2uery ?&ub2uery is a 2uery !hose return )alues are used in filterin" conditionsof the main 2uery.0. What is correlated subE2uery ?Correlated subH2uery is a subH2uery !hich has reference to the main2uery.1. E/plain Connect by Prior ?Retri)es ro!s in hierarchical order.e.". select empno ename from emp !here.4. Difference bet!een &*C&$R and =B&$R ?=B&$R 9&trin"1&trin"#9n9m::=B&$Rreturnsthepositionofthemthoccurrenceof the strin" #instrin"1. $he search be"ins from nth position of strin"1.&*C&$R 9&trin"1 nm:&*C&$Rreturnsa character strin" of siDe m in strin"1 startin" fromnth postion of strin"1.5. E/plain *B=OB-=B*&*B=OB ALL =B$ER&EC$ ?=B$ER&EC$ returns all distinct ro!s selected by both 2ueries.-=B*&Ereturnsall distinct ro!s selected by the first 2uery but notby the second.*B=OB E returns all distinct ro!s selected by either 2ueryPage 29 of 93Oracle Question Bank*B=OBALLEreturnsallro!sselectedbyeither 2ueryincludin"all duplicates.16. What is ROW=D ?ROW=Disapseudocolumnattachedtoeachro!of a table. =t is14 character lon" bloc3no ro!number are the components of ROW=D.11. What is the fastest !ay of accessin" a ro! in a table ?*sin" ROW=D.CONSTRAINTS1#. What is an =nte"rityConstraint ?=nte"rityconstraintisarulethatrestricts )alues to a columnin a table.1(. What is Referential =nte"rity ?-aintainin" data inte"rity throu"h a set of rules that restrict the)alues of one or more columns of the tables based on the )alues ofprimary 3ey or uni2ue 3ey of the referenced table.1+. What are the usa"e of&A7EPO=B$& ?&A7EPO=B$&areusedtosubdi)ideatransaction into smaller parts.=t enables rollin" bac3 part of a transaction. -a/imum of fi)e sa)epoints are allo!ed.1..What is OB DELE$E CA&CADE ?When OB DELE$E CA&CADE is specified ORACLE maintains referentialinte"rity byautomaticallyremo)in"dependentforei"n3ey )alues ifa referenced primary or uni2ue 3ey )alue is remo)ed.10. What are the data types allo!ed in a table ?C;AR7ARC;AR#B*-CERDA$ERAWLOBF and LOBF RAW.11.Whatisdifferencebet!eenC;ARand 7ARC;AR# ?What isthe ma/imum &=GE allo!ed for each type ?C;ARpadsblan3 spaces to the ma/imum len"th. 7ARC;AR# does not padblan3 spaces. ?or C;AR it is #.. and #666 for 7ARC;AR#.14. ;o!many LOBF columns are allo!ed in a table ? =s it possible touse LOBF columns in W;ERE clause or ORDER C, ?Only one LOBF columns is allo!ed. =t is not possible to use LOBF columnin W;ERE or ORDER C, clause.15. What are the pre re2uisites? =. to modify datatype of a column ? ii. to add a column !ith BO$ B*LL constraint ?Page 30 of 93Oracle Question Bank$o -odify the datatype of a column the columnmust be empty.to add a column !ith BO$ B*LL constrain the table must beempty.#6. Where the inte"rity constrints are stored in Data Dictionary ?$he inte"rity constraints are stored in*&ERHCOB&$RA=B$&.#1. ;o! !ill you a acti)ateIdeacti)ate inte"rity constraints ?$he inte"rity constraints can be enabled or disabled by AL$ER $ACLEEBACLE constraintID=&ACLE constraint.##. =f an uni2ue 3ey constraint on DA$E column is created !ill it)alidate the ro!s that are inserted !ith &,&DA$E ?=t !on%t Cecause &,&DA$E format contains time attached !ith it.#(. What is a database lin3 ?DatabaseLin3isanamedpaththrou"h!hich a remote database canbe accessed.#+.;o! to access the current )alue and ne/t )alue from a se2uence ? =sit possible to access the current )alue in a session beforeaccessin" ne/t )alue ?&e2uence name C*RR7AL &e2uence name BEL$7AL.=t is not possible. Only if you access ne/t )alue in the sessioncurrent )alue can be accessed.#.. What is C,CLEIBO C,CLE in a &e2uence ?C,CLEspecifiesthatthese2uencecontinuesto"enerate )aluesafter reachin"eitherma/imum orminimum )alue. After pan ascendin"se2uence reaches its ma/imum )alue it "enerates its minimum)alue.After a descendin" se2uence reaches its minimum it "eneratesits ma/imum.BOC,CLEspecifiesthat these2uence cannot "enerate more )aluesafter reachin" its ma/imum or minimum )alue.#0. What are the ad)anta"es of7=EW ?$o protect some of the columns of a table from other users.$o hide comple/ity of a 2uery.$o hide comple/ity of calculations.#1. Can a )ie! be updatedIinsertedIdeleted? =f ,es under !hat conditions?A 7ie! can be updatedIdeletedIinserted if it has only one base table ifthe )ie!isbasedon columns from one or more tables then insertupdate and delete is not possible.Page 31 of 93Oracle Question Bank#4.=fa7ie!onasin"le base table is manipulated !ill the chan"esbe reflected on the base table ?=fchan"es are made to the tables !hich are base tables of a )ie! !illthe chan"es be reference on the )ie!.FORMS &.' BASIC1.What is an &8L J?OR-& ?&8LJformsis+FLtoolforde)elopin"ande/ecutin"OOraclebased interacti)e application.#. What is the ma/imum siDe of a form ?#.. character !idth and #.. charactersLen"th.(.Bame the t!o files that are created !hen you "enerate the form "i)ethe file/ e/tension ?=BP 9&ource ?ile: ?R- 9E/ecutable ?ile:+. ;o! do you control the constraints in forms ?&elect the use constraint property is OB Cloc3 definition screen.BLOCK.. Commited bloc3 sometimes refer to a CA&E $ACLE ? $rue or ?alse.?alse.0. Can !e create t!o bloc3s !ith the same name in form (.6 ?Bo.1. While specifyin" masterIdetail relationship bet!een t!obloc3s specifyin" the 'oin conditionis a must ? $rue or ?alse.$rue.4. What is a $ri""er ?A piece of lo"ic that is e/ecuted at or tri""ered by a &8L Jforms e)ent.5. What are the types of$R=FFER& ?1. Ba)i"ational $ri""ers. #. $ransaction $ri""ers.16. What are the different types of 3ey tri""ers ? ?unction>ey >eyEfunctionPage 32 of 93Oracle Question Bank >eyEothers >eyEstartup11. What is the difference bet!een a ?unction >ey $ri""er and >ey?unction $ri""er ??unction 3ey tri""ers are associated !ith indi)idual &8LJ?OR-&function 3eys,oucanattach>eyfunctiontri""ersto 16 3eys or 3ey se2uencesthat normallydonot perform any &8L J ?OR-& operations. $hese 3eysrefered as 3ey ?6 throu"h 3ey ?5.1#. What does an onEclearEbloc3 $ri""er fire?=t fires 'ust before &8L J forms the current bloc3.1(. ;o! do you trap the error in forms (.6 ?usin" OnE-essa"e or OnEError tri""ers.1+. &tate the order in !hich these tri""ers are e/ecuted ?PO&$E?=ELDOBE7AL=DA$EE?=ELDPO&$EC;ABFE and >E,EBEL$?LD.>E,EBEL$?LDPO&$EC;ABFE OBE7AL=DA$EE?=ELD PO&$E?=ELD.1.. What is the usua"e of an OBE=B&ER$OBEDELE$E and OBE*PDA$E$R=FFER& ?$hese tri""ers are e/ecutes !hen insertin"deletin" and updatin"operations are performedandcanbeusedtochan"ethedefaultfunctionof insertdelete or update respecti)ely.?orE"insteadofinsertin"aro!in a table an e/istin" ro! canbe updated in the same table.10. When !ill OBE7AL=DA$EE?=ELD tri""er e/ecuted ?=tfires!hen a )alue in a field has been chan"ed and the field statusis chan"ed or ne! and the 3ey has been pressed. =f the fieldstatusis )alid then any further chan"e to the )alue in the field !illnot fire the onE)alidateEfield tri""er.11. A 2uery fetched 16 records ;o! many times does a PREE8*ER, $ri""erand PO&$E8*ER, $ri""er !ill "et e/ecuted ?PREE8*ER, fires once. PO&$E8*ER, fires 16 times.14.Whatisthedifferencebet!eenOBE7AL=DA$EE?=ELDtri""eranda PO&$EC;ABFE tri""er ?When you chan"es the E/istin" )alue to null the OnE)alidate fieldtri""er !illfirepost chan"e tri""er !ill not fire. At the time ofe/ecuteE2uery postEcha"e tri""er !ill fire onE)alidate field tri""er!ill not fire.Page 33 of 93Oracle Question Bank15.Whatisthedifferencebet!eenan OBE7AL=DA$EE?=ELD tri""erand a tri""er ?OnE)alidateEfieldtri""erfires!hen the field 7alidation status Be!or chan"ed.PostEfieldEtri""er!hene)erthecontrollea)in" form the field it!ill fire.#6.Whatis the difference bet!een a PO&$E?=ELD tri""er and a PO&$EC;ABFE tri""er ?PostEfield tri""er fires !hene)er the control lea)in" from the filed.PostEchan"e tri""er fires at the time of e/ecuteE2uery procedure in)o3edor filed )alidation status chan"ed.#1. When is PREE8*ER, tri""er e/ecuted ?When E/ecuteE2uery or countE2uery Pac3a"e procedures are in)o3ed.##. Fi)e the se2uence in !hich tri""ers fired durin" insertoperations !hen the follo!in" ( tri""ers are defined at the smae bloc3le)el ? a. OBE=B&ER$ b. PO&$E=B&ER$ c. PREE=B&ER$PREE=B&ER$OBE=B&ER$ A PO&$E=B&ER$.#(. Can !e use FOECLOC> pac3a"e in a preEfield tri""er ?Bo.#+.=sa>eystartup tri""er fires as result of a operator pressin" a3ey e/plicitly ?Bo.#.. ;o! can you e/ecute the user defined tri""ers in forms (.6 ?E/ecuteH$ri""er 9tri""erEname:#0. When does an onEloc3 tri""er fire ?=t !ill fires !hene)er &8L J ?orms !ould normally attempt to loc3 a ro!.#0. What is PostECloc3 is a . a. Ba)i"ational $ri""er. b. >ey tri""er c. $ransaction $ri""er.Ba)i"ational $ri""er.#1. What is the difference bet!een 3eystartup and preEform ?>eyEstartup tri""er fires after successful na)i"ation into a form.PreEform tri""er fires before enter into the form.#4. What is the difference bet!een 3eystartup and preEform ?Page 34 of 93Oracle Question Bank>eyEstartup trii""er fires after successful na)i"ation into a form.PreEform tri""er fires before enter into the form.PAC>AFE PROCED*RE A ?*BC$=OB#5. What is a Pac3a"e Procedure ?A Pac3a"e proecdure is built in PLI&8L procedure.(6. What are the different types of Pac3a"e Procedure ?1. Restricted pac3a"e procedure. #. *nrestricted pac3a"e proecdure.(1. What is the difference bet!een restricted and unrestrictedpac3a"e procedure ?Restrictedpac3a"e procedure that affects the basic basic functions of&8L J ?orms. =t cannot used in all tri""ers e/ecpt 3ey tri""ers.*nrestrictedpac3a"eprocedurethatdoesnotinterfere !ith thebasic functions of &8L J ?orms it can be used in any tri""ers.(#. Classify the restricted and unrestricted procedure from thefollo!in". a. Call b. *serEE/it c. CallE8uery d. *p e. E/ecuteE8uery f. -essa"e ". E/itE?rom h. Post i. Crea3a. Call E unrestricted b. *ser E/it E *nrestricted c. CallH2uery E *nrestricted d. *p E Restricted e. E/ecute 8uery E Restricted f. -essa"e E Restricted ". E/itHform E Restricted h. Post E Restricted i. Crea3 E *nrestricted.((. Can !e use a restricted pac3a"e procedure in OBE7AL=DA$EE?=ELD$ri""er ?Bo.(+. What &,BC;ROB=GE procedure does ?=t synchoroniDes the terminal screen !ith the internal state of theform.(.. What are the unrestricted procedures used to chan"e the popupscreen position durin" run time ?Page 35 of 93Oracle Question BankAnchorE)ie!ResiDe E7ie! -o)eE7ie!.(0. What Enter pac3a"e procedure does ?Enter 7alidateEdata in the current )alidation unit.(1. What ERA&E pac3a"e procedure does ?Erase remo)es an indicated "lobal )ariable.(4. What is the difference bet!een BA-EH=B and COP, ?Copy is pac3a"e procedure and !rites )alues into a field.Bameinis a pac3a"e function and returns the contents of the )ariableto !hich you apply.(4. =dentify pac3a"e function from the follo!in" ? 1. ErrorECode #. Crea3 (. Call +. ErrorEte/t .. ?ormEfailure 0. ?ormEfatal 1. E/ecuteE2uery 4. AnchorH7ie! 5. -essa"eHcode 1. ErrorHCode #. ErrorH$e/t (. ?ormH?ailure +. ?ormH?atal .. -essa"eHCode+6. ;o! does the command PO&$ differs from CO--=$ ?Post !rites data in the form to the database but does not performdatabase commitCommit permenently !rites data in the form to the database.+1. What the PA*&E pac3a"e procedure does ?Pause suspends processin" until the operator presses a function 3ey+#. What pac3a"e procedure is used for callin" another form ?Call9E.". Call9formname:+(. What pac3a"e procedure used for in)o3e s2l Jplus from s2l Jforms ?;ost 9E.". ;ost 9s2lplus::++. ErrorHCode is a pac3a"e proecdure ? a. $rueb. falsePage 36 of 93Oracle Question Bank?alse.+.. EL=$H?OR- is a restricted pac3a"e procedure ? a. $rueb. ?alse$rue.+0.Whentheformisrunnin" in DEC*F mode =f you !ant to e/aminethe )alues of "lobal )ariables and other form )ariables What pac3a"eprocedure command you !ould use in your tri""er te/t ?Crea3.&,&$E- 7AR=ACLE&+1. List the system )ariables related in Cloc3 and ?ield? 1. &ystem.bloc3Hstatus #. &ystem.currentHbloc3 (. &ystem.currentHfield +. &ystem.currentH)alue .. &ystem.cursorHbloc3 0. &ystem.cursorHfield 1. &ystem.fieldHstatus.+4.Whatis the difference bet!een system.currentHfieldand system.cursorHfield ?1. &ystem.currentHfield "i)es name of the field. #. &ystem.cursorHfield "i)es name of the field !ith bloc3 name.+5. $he )alue recorded in system.lastHrecord )ariable is of type a. Bumber b. Coolean c. Character.b. Coolean.*ser E/its E, field aSEB?ORCE>E, field characterstic indicates the source of the)aluethat &8LJ?OR-&uses to populate the field bSAfield!ith the EB?ORCE >E, characterstic should ha)e the=BP*$ALLOWEDcharaterstic turned off aS Only 1 is $R*E bS Only # is $R*E cS Coth 1 and # are $R*E dS Coth 1 and # are ?AL&EAns < A#+. What is the ma/imum siDe of the pa"e ? aS Characters !ide A #0. characters len"th bS Characters !ide A #0. characters len"th cS Characters !ide A 46 characters len"th dS Bone of the abo)eAns < C#.. A ?OR- is madeup of !hich of the follo!in" ob'ects aS bloc3 fields only bS bloc3s fields pa"es only cS bloc3s fields pa"es tri""ers and form le)el procedures dS Only bloc3s.Ans < C#0. ?or the follo!in" statements !hich is true 1S Pa"e is an ob'ect o!ned by a form #S Pa"es are a collection of display information such as constantte/tand "raphics.aS Only 1 is $R*EbS Only # is $R*EcS Coth 1 A # are $R*EdS Coth are ?AL&EAns < C#1.$hepac3a"edprocedurethatma3esdatainform permanent intheDatabase is aS Post bS Post form cS Commit form dS Bone of the abo)eAns < CPage 77 of 93Oracle Question Bank#4. Which of the follo!in" is $R*E for the &,&$E- 7AR=ACLE QQdateQQ aS Can be assi"ned to a "lobal )ariable bS Can be assi"ned to any field only durin" desi"n time cS Can be assi"ned to any )ariable or field durin" run time dS Bone of the abo)eAns < C#5. Which of the follo!in" pac3a"ed procedure is *BRE&$R=C$ED ? aS CALLH=BP*$ bS CLEARHCLOC> cS ELEC*$EH8*ER, dS *&ERHEL=$Ans < D(6. =dentify the RE&$R=C$ED pac3a"ed procedure from the follo!in" aS *&ERHEL=$ bS -E&&AFE cS CREA> dS EL=$H?OR-Ans < D(1. What is &8LJ?OR-& aS&8LJ?OR-&isa+FL tool for de)elopin" A e/ecutin" Oraclebasedinteracti)eapplications. bS &8LJ?OR-& is a (FL tool for connectin" to the Database. cS &8LJ?OR-& is a reportin" tool dS Bone of the abo)e.Ans < A(#.Bamethet!ofilesthat are created !hen you "enerate a formusin"?orms (.6 aS ?-C A ?-L bS ?-R A ?DL cS =BP A ?R- dS Bone of the abo)eAns < C((. What is a tri""er aS A piece of lo"ic !ritten in PLI&8L bS E/ecuted at the arri)al of a &8LJ?OR-& e)ent cS Coth A A C dS Bone of the abo)eAns < C(+. Which of the folo!in" is $R*E for a ERA&E pac3a"ed procedure1SERA&Eremo)esan indicated Flobal )ariable A releases thememoryassociated !ith it #S ERA&E is used to remo)e a field from a pa"e1S Only 1 is $R*E#S Only # is $R*E(S Coth 1 A # are $R*E+S Coth 1 A # are ?AL&EAns < 1(.. All datafiles related to a $ablespace are remo)ed !hen the$ablespaceis dropped aS $R*EPage 78 of 93Oracle Question Bank bS ?AL&EAns < C(0. &iDe of $ablespace can be increased by aS =ncreasin" the siDe of one of the Datafiles bS Addin" one or more Datafiles cS Cannot be increased dS Bone of the abo)eAns < C(1. -ultiple $ablespaces can share a sin"le datafile aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < C(4. A set of Dictionary tables are created aS Once for the Entire Database bS E)ery time a user is created cS E)ery time a $ablespace is created dS Bone of the abo)eAns < A(5. Datadictionary can span across multiple $ablespaces aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < C+6.What is a DA$ACLOC> aS &et of E/tents bS &et of &e"ments cS &mallest Database stora"e unit dS Bone of the abo)eAns < C+1. Can an =nte"rity Constraint be enforced on a table if somee/istin"table data does not satisfythe constraint aS ,es bS BoAns < C+#. A column defined as PR=-AR, >E, can ha)e B*LL%s aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < C+(. A $ransaction ends aS Only !hen it is Committed bS Only !hen it is Rolledbac3 cS When it is Committed or Rolledbac3 dS Bone of the abo)eAns < C++. A Database Procedure is stored in the DatabasePage 79 of 93Oracle Question Bank aS =n compiled form bS As source code cS Coth A A C dS Bot storedAns < C+.. A database tri""er doesnot apply to data loaded before thedefinitionof the tri""er aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < A+0. Dedicated ser)er confi"uration is aS One ser)er process E -any user processes bS -any ser)er processes E One user process cS One ser)er process E One user process dS -any ser)er processes E -any user processesAns < C+1. Which of the follo!in" does not affect the siDe of the &FA aS Database buffer bS Redolo" buffer cS &tored procedure dS &hared poolAns < C+4. What does a CO--=$ statement do to a C*R&OR aS Open the Cursor bS ?etch the Cursor cS Close the Cursor dS Bone of the abo)eAns < D+5. Which of the follo!in" is $R*E 1S;ost )ariables are declared any!here in the pro"ram #S ;ost )ariables are declared in the DECLARE sectionaS Only 1 is $R*EbS Only # is $R*EcS Coth 1 A #are $R*EdS Coth are ?AL&EAns < C.6. Which of the follo!in" is BO$ 7AL=D is PLI&8L aS Cool booleanO bS B*-1 B*-# numberO cS deptname dept.dnameMtypeO dS date1 date ABD N*E%%N%%CL%: !ill return aS NAC> ABD CL*E bS CLAC> ABD NAC> cS CLAC> ABD CL*E dS Bone of the abo)ePage 83 of 93Oracle Question BankAns < C16. $RAB&LA$E9%(((&8D#(+%%61#(+.0145ACCDP8R&$%%61#(+.0145%: !illreturn aS (((#(+ bS (((((( cS #(+((( dS Bone of the abo)eAns < A11.E-PBO EBA-E &AL A4##RA-A&WA-,(.66 A41#BARA,AB.666 A51(*-E&; #4.6 A.66CALAN=.1.6*se these data for the follo!in" 8uestions &elect &AL from E-P E1 !here ( U 9 &elect count9J: from Emp E#!here E1.&AL U E#.&AL : !ill retrie)e aS (.66.666#.66 bS .666#4.6 cS #4.6.1.6 dS .666.1.6Ans < A1#. =s it possible to modify a Datatype of a column !hen column containsdata ? aS ,es bS BoAns C1(. Which of the follo!in" is not correct about a 7ie! ? aS $o protect some of the columns of a table from other users bS Ocuupies data stora"e space cS $o hide comple/ity of a 2uery dS $o hide comple/ity of a calculationsAns < C1+. Which is not part of the Data Definiton Lan"ua"e ? aS CREA$E bS AL$ER cS AL$ER &E&&=OBAns < C1.. $he Data -anipulation Lan"ua"e statements are aS =B&ER$ bS *PDA$EPage 84 of 93Oracle Question Bank cS &ELEC$ dS All of the abo)eAns < D10.E-PBO EBA-E &AL A4##RA-A&WA-,(.66 A41#BARA,AB.666 A51(*-E&; A.66CALAN=.1.6 *sin" the abo)e data &elect count9sal: from Emp !ill retrie)e aS 1 bS 6 cS ( dS Bone of the abo)eAns < C11. =f an *B=8*E >E, constraint on DA$E column is created !ill itacceptthe ro!s that are inserted !ith &,&DA$E ? aS Will bS Won%tAns < C14. What are the different e)ents in $ri""ers ? aS Define Create bS Drop Comment cS =nsert *pdate Delete dS All of the abo)eAns < C15. What builtEin subpro"ram is used to manipulate ima"es in ima"e items? aS GoomHout bS GoomHin% cS =ma"eHDoom dS GoomHima"eAns < C46. Can !e pass RECORD FRO*P bet!een ?OR-& ? aS ,es bS BoAns < A41. &;OWHALER$ function returns aS Coolean bS Bumber cS Character dS Bone of the abo)ePage 85 of 93Oracle Question BankAns < C4#. What &,&$E- 7AR=ACLEis used to refer DA$ACA&E $=-E ? aS QQdbtimeQQ bS QQtimeQQ cS QQdatetimeQQ dS Bone of the abo)eAns < A4(. property is a aS Restricted procedure bS *nrestricted procedure cS Library function dS Bone of the abo)eAns < D44. A COB$ROL CLOC> can sometimes refer to a CA&E$ACLE? aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < CPage 86 of 93Oracle Question Bank45. What do you mean by C;EC> COL ? aS $!o state control bS One state control cS $hree state control dS none of the abo)eAns& A D-LHLOC>& bS LOF C*??ER cS DCHCLOC>H&=GE dS DCHCLOC>HC*??ER&Ans < A1#+. &-OB process is used to !rite into LOF files aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < C1#.. ELP command is used aS $o ta3e Cac3up of the Oracle Database bS $o import data from the e/ported dump file cS $o create Rollbac3 se"ments dS Bone of the abo)eAns < A1#0. &BAP&;O$& cannot be refreshed automatically aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < C1#1. $he *ser can set Archi)e file name formats aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < A1#4.$hefollo!in"parametersareoptionalin init.ora parameterfileDCHCLOC>H&=GEPROCE&& aW $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < C1#5. BOARC;=E7ELOF parameter is used to enable the database inArchie)emode aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < C1(6. Constraints cannot be e/ported throu"h E/port command? aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < CPage 92 of 93Oracle Question Bank1(1.=tis )ery difficult to "rant and mana"e common pri)ele"es neededbydifferent "roups ofdatabase users usin" roles aS $R*E bS ?AL&EAns < C1(#. $he status of the Rollbac3 se"ment can be )ie!ed throu"h aS DCAH&EF-EB$& bS DCAHROLE& cS DCAH?REEH&PACE& dS DCAHROLLCAC>H&EFAns < D1((. E/plicitly !e can assi"n transaction to a rollbac3 se"ment aS $R*E CS ?AL&EAns < A1(+. What file is read by ODCC to load dri)ers ? aS ODCC.=B= bS ODCC.DLL cS ODCCDR7.=B= dS Bone of the abo)eAns < APage 93 of 93