Introduction Introduction Operation Ope ration Res earch Research is is an an int erdisc ipl inary interdisciplinary branch br anch of of appl ied appl ie d mathemati cs mathematics and and formal formal science science that that uses uses methods methods such such as as Mathematical modeling Mathematical modeling Statistic Statistic Algorithm Algorithm to to arrive arrive at at optimal optimal or or near near optimal optimal solutions solutions to to complex complex problems problems. It It is is typically typical ly concerned concerned with wit h determining determining the the ma xi mum maxi mum prof it profi t or or minimum minimum loss loss , , riskrisk ofof some some objective objective function function. Operation Operation Research Research helps helps management management achieve achieve its its goals goals using using scientific scientific methods methods.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Later Later onon duringduring worldworld war war IIII ,, thethe militarymilitarycommandscommands of of UU..K K.. andand UU..SS..AA engagedengaged severalseveralinterdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary teamsteams of of scientistsscientists toto
Their Their missionmission waswas toto formulateformulate specificspecific proposal proposal andand plans plans for for aidingaiding thethe MilitaryMilitary
CommandsCommands toto arrivearrive atat thethe decisiondecision onon optimaloptimalutilizationutilization of of scarcescarce militarymilitary resourcesresources andandeffortsefforts andand alsoalso toto implementimplement decisiondecisioneffectivelyeffectively..
OR OR teamsteams werewere notnot actuallyactually involvedinvolved ininfightingfighting thethe war war but but theythey werewere onlyonly advisorsadvisorsandand significantlysignificantly instrumentalinstrumental inin winningwinning thethe
war war because because of of their their goodgood intellectualintellectual supportsupporttoto thethe strategicstrategic initiativesinitiatives of of thethe militarymilitarycommandscommands..
After After thethe war war thethe apparentapparent successsuccess of of militarymilitaryteam,team, itit attractedattracted thethe attentionattention of of thethe industryindustry..
duringduring thethe lastlast phase phase of of worldworld war war IIII..
InitiallyInitially ,, anan OR OR centrecentre waswas formedformed atat thethe Air Air headquartersheadquarters toto tackletackle thethe problems problems relatingrelating toto
radar radar..
TheThe work work donedone by by thisthis groupgroup of of scientistscientist waswas
ActuallyActually inin IndiaIndia OR OR startedstarted inin 19491949 withwith thethe openingopeningupup of of aa unitunit atat thethe RegionalRegional ResearchResearch Laboratory,Laboratory,HyderabadHyderabad for for usingusing OperationOperation ResearchResearch inin planning planningandand organizingorganizing researchresearch..
After After thatthat AhmedabadAhmedabad TextileTextile IndustryIndustry ResearchResearchAssociationAssociation organizedorganized anan OR OR groupgroup for for their their industrialindustrial problem problem..
InIn 19531953 anan OR OR unitunit waswas formedformed atat thethe IndianIndianStatisticalStatistical InstituteInstitute ,, CalcuttaCalcutta withwith aa viewview toto applyapply OR OR techniquestechniques toto nationalnational planning planning under under thethe guidanceguidance of of Prof Prof.. MahalnobisMahalnobis..
OROR gotgot itsits formalformal recognitionrecognition inin thethe countrycountry withwith thetheformationformation OO..RR.. SocietySociety of of IndiaIndia inin 19571957..
TheThe societysociety becamebecame thethe member member of of thethe internationalinternationalFederationFederation of of SocietiesSocieties inin 19591959 andand organizedorganized itsits firstfirstconferenceconference atat allall IndiaIndia levellevel inin thethe samesame year year..
After After thatthat publicationpublication of of thethe JournalJournal OPSEARCHOPSEARCH byby
ORSIORSI inin 19641964 further further addedadded toto thethe growthgrowth of of OROR..
OR education was formally initiated in India with theOR education was formally initiated in India with theformation of Indian Institute of Ahmedabad and Calcuttaformation of Indian Institute of Ahmedabad and Calcuttaduring the year 1961during the year 1961--62.62.
The university of Delhi started a full time Master¶s degree inThe university of Delhi started a full time Master¶s degree inOperation Research in 1963.Operation Research in 1963.
A Graduate Programme in operation research was introducedA Graduate Programme in operation research was introduced
by the Operation Research Society of India in 1973. by the Operation Research Society of India in 1973.
Today almost all the universities and Institutions in India areToday almost all the universities and Institutions in India areoffering the inputs of Operation Research In their Curriculum.offering the inputs of Operation Research In their Curriculum.
Phases of Operation ResearchPhases of Operation Research
Define the Problem of Interest and gathering relevantDefine the Problem of Interest and gathering relevant
datadata
Formulate mathematical model to represent theFormulate mathematical model to represent the
problem problem
Develop a computer Develop a computer--based procedure for deriving based procedure for deriving
solution to the problem from the modelsolution to the problem from the model
Test the model and refine it as neededTest the model and refine it as needed Prepare for ongoing application of the model asPrepare for ongoing application of the model as
prescribed by management & Implement prescribed by management & Implement
ExampleExample:: DefineDefine thethe ProblemProblem of of InterestInterest andand gatheringgatheringrelevantrelevant datadata
AnAn OR OR studystudy donedone for for SanSan FranciscoFrancisco PolicePolice DepartmentDepartmentresultedresulted inin thethe computerizedcomputerized systemsystem for for optimallyoptimallyschedulingscheduling andand deployingdeploying police police patrol patrol officersofficers..
TheThe newnew systemsystem provided provided annualannual savingsaving of of $$1111million,million, andand
aa 2020%% improvementimprovement inin responseresponse timestimes.. InIn assessingassessing thetheappropriateappropriate objectivesobjectives for for thisthis studystudy ,, threethree fundamentalfundamentalobjectivesobjectives werewere identifiedidentified
Objectives of the study were identified as:Objectives of the study were identified as:
Maintain a high level of citizen safety.Maintain a high level of citizen safety. Maintain a high level of officer Morale.Maintain a high level of officer Morale.
Minimize the cost of operations.Minimize the cost of operations.
DataData collectioncollection andand processing processing played played aa keykeyrolerole inin thethe studystudy
ToTo analyzeanalyze thethe impactimpact of of individualindividual clientclient behavior behavior inin responseresponse toto differentdifferent optionsoptions thetheteamteam neededneeded toto assembleassemble aa comprehensivecomprehensive datadata
of of 200200 gigabytesgigabytes involvinginvolving 55 millionmillion clients,clients,1010 millionmillion accounts,accounts, 100100 millionmillion tradetrade records,records,andand 250250 millionmillion ledger ledger recordsrecords..
Formulate mathematical model toFormulate mathematical model to
represent the problemrepresent the problem ExampleExample
AnAn OR OR studystudy donedone for for MonsantoMonsanto waswas concernedconcerned withwith
optimizingoptimizing production production operationoperation inin MonsantoMonsanto chemicalchemical plant plant toto minimizeminimize thethe costcost of of meetingmeeting targettarget for for thethe
amountamount of of certaincertain chemicalchemical product product toto be be produced produced inin
thatthat monthmonth.. TheThe decisionsdecisions toto be be mademade areare thethe dialdial
settingsetting for for eacheach of of thethe catalyticcatalytic reactor reactor usedused toto produce produce
thisthis product, product, wherewhere settingsetting determinesdetermines thethe costcost of of
operatingoperating thethe reactor reactor andand amountamount produced produced..