• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Turner , AS. 2001. Research in Orthopedic Surgery. Surgical Research. Academic Press . Chapter 81: 1137-1200 Toth, JM. Wang, M. Estes, BT. Scifert, JL. Seim HB. Turner ,AS. 2006. Polyetheretherketone as a biomaterial for spinal applications. Biomaterials. 27: 342-334 Hanley, EN. David, SM. 1999. Current Concepts Review: Lumbar Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Back Pain. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 716-25 Cahill, KS. Chi, JH. Day, A. 2009. Prevalence, Complications, and Hospital Charges Associated with Use of Bone-Morphogenic Proteins in Spinal Fusion Patients. JAMA. 302(1):58-66 Wilke H-J, Kettler A, Claes LE. 1997. Are sheep spines a valid biomechanical model for human spines. Spine . 22(20): 2365–74. Hanley, N. Edward. David, Stephen M. 1999. Lumbar Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Back Pain. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Volume 81-A No. 5, May 716-30 Vaccaro, Betz, Zeidman. 2003. Principles and Practice of Spine Surgery . Mosby • • • • • • • • Colorado State University Small Ruminant Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory: funding and support • Colorado State University’s Merck-Merial 2009 Summer Research Program: support or • • • • • • • • • • • • • A B C D E LATERAL VIEW VENTRAL/DORSAL VIEW • • • • • • • • • RAR=Right Axial Rotation LAR=Left Axial Rotation RLB=Right Lateral Bending LLB=Left Lateral Bending FLX=Flexion EXT=Extension • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •