OptiX OSN 550 V100R003C00 Product Description V1.0(20110630).PDF

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System V100R003C00

Product Description

Issue 02

Date 2011-06-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Issue 02 (2011-06-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior

written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective

holders.

Notice

The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and

the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be

within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,

information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or

representations of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the

preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and

recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, Longgang

Shenzhen 518129

People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

http://www.huawei.com/

mailto:[email protected]

OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical

Transmission System

Product Description About This Document


Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

ii

About This Document

Related Versions

The following table lists the product versions related to this document.

Product Name Version

OptiX OSN 550 V100R003C00

iManager U2000 V100R005C00

Intended Audience

This document describes the OptiX OSN 550 in terms of network application, function,

hardware architecture, software architecture, features, and technical specifications.

This document is intended for the following engineers:

Network planning engineers

Data configuration engineers

System maintenance engineers

Conventions

The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not

avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk,

which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate

injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not

avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,

performance degradation, or unexpected results.


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Product Description About This Document



iii

Symbol Description

Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save

time.

Provides additional information to emphasize or

supplement important points of the main text.

GUI Conventions

The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles

are in boldface. For example, click OK.

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"

signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.

Change History

Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue

contains all updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 02 (2011-06-30)

This document is the second release for the V100R003C00 product version. Compared with

Issue 01, the updated contents are as follows:

The description of hot patches is deleted from topic "NE Upgrades".

The description of optical port types is added to topic "Optical Port Specifications".

Updates in Issue 01 (2011-04-30)

First formal release.


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Product Description Contents



iv

Contents

About This Document .................................................................................................................... ii

1 Product Positioning and Features .............................................................................................. 1

1.1 Introduction to the OptiX OSN 550 ................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Product Positioning .......................................................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Product Features ............................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Product Architecture ..................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 System Architecture ......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Hardware Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 6

2.2.1 Chassis .................................................................................................................................................... 6

2.2.2 Boards ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.2.3 Ventilation Design ................................................................................................................................... 9

2.3 Software Architecture ..................................................................................................................................... 10

2.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture....................................................................................................... 11

2.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces ............................................................................................. 11

2.3.3 Board Software ..................................................................................................................................... 12

2.3.4 NE Software .......................................................................................................................................... 12

2.3.5 NMS Software ...................................................................................................................................... 13

3 Product Functions and Features ............................................................................................... 14

3.1 Capacity ......................................................................................................................................................... 14

3.2 Port Types ....................................................................................................................................................... 15

3.3 Network Topology .......................................................................................................................................... 17

3.4 Protection Support .......................................................................................................................................... 17

3.4.1 Equipment-level Protection ................................................................................................................... 17

3.4.2 Network-Level Protection ..................................................................................................................... 18

3.5 Clock Synchronization ................................................................................................................................... 22

3.6 Ethernet Features ............................................................................................................................................ 23

3.6.1 Service Support ..................................................................................................................................... 23

3.6.2 Protection Support ................................................................................................................................ 28

3.6.3 Maintenance .......................................................................................................................................... 30

4 Networking and Application Scenarios ................................................................................. 34

5 Operation and Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 37


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5.1 DCN ............................................................................................................................................................... 37

5.2 Network Management .................................................................................................................................... 37

5.3 Fault Locating and Equipment Maintenance .................................................................................................. 38

5.4 Power and Environment Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 39

5.5 NE Upgrades .................................................................................................................................................. 39

5.6 License Control .............................................................................................................................................. 40

6 Technical Specifications ............................................................................................................ 41

6.1 General Specifications.................................................................................................................................... 41

6.2 Power Consumption and Weight of Each Board ............................................................................................ 42

6.3 Optical Port Specifications ............................................................................................................................. 43

6.4 Electrical Port Specifications ......................................................................................................................... 45

6.5 Clock Port Specifications ............................................................................................................................... 47

6.6 EMC Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... 48

6.7 Safety Certification ........................................................................................................................................ 49

6.8 Environmental Requirement .......................................................................................................................... 49

6.8.1 Storage Environment ............................................................................................................................. 50

6.8.2 Transportation Environment ................................................................................................................. 52

6.8.3 Operation Environment ......................................................................................................................... 54

7 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection ...................................................................... 57

7.1 Energy Saving ................................................................................................................................................ 57

7.2 Environmental Protection ............................................................................................................................... 57

8 Standard Compliance ................................................................................................................. 59

A Glossary and Acronyms ............................................................................................................ 64

A.1 Numerics ....................................................................................................................................................... 64

A.2 A .................................................................................................................................................................... 64

A.3 B .................................................................................................................................................................... 67

A.4 C .................................................................................................................................................................... 69

A.5 D .................................................................................................................................................................... 71

A.6 E .................................................................................................................................................................... 73

A.7 F .................................................................................................................................................................... 75

A.8 G .................................................................................................................................................................... 78

A.9 H .................................................................................................................................................................... 78

A.10 I ................................................................................................................................................................... 79

A.11 J ................................................................................................................................................................... 81

A.12 L .................................................................................................................................................................. 81

A.13 M ................................................................................................................................................................. 83

A.14 N .................................................................................................................................................................. 85

A.15 O .................................................................................................................................................................. 85

A.16 P .................................................................................................................................................................. 87

A.17 Q .................................................................................................................................................................. 89


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A.18 R .................................................................................................................................................................. 89

A.19 S .................................................................................................................................................................. 91

A.20 T .................................................................................................................................................................. 95

A.21 U .................................................................................................................................................................. 96

A.22 V .................................................................................................................................................................. 97

A.23 W ................................................................................................................................................................. 98


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Product Description Figures



vii

Figures

Figure 1-1 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 (-48 V and -60 V DC power) ............................................................ 1

Figure 1-2 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 (110 V and 220 V AC power) ........................................................... 1

Figure 1-3 Position of the OptiX OSN 550 in a transmission network ................................................................. 3

Figure 2-1 Block diagram ...................................................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2-2 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2-3 Ventilation design of the OptiX OSN 550 ......................................................................................... 10

Figure 2-4 General architecture of software ........................................................................................................ 11

Figure 3-1 Fiber-shared virtual path protection ................................................................................................... 22

Figure 3-2 EPL services based on port ................................................................................................................ 24

Figure 3-3 EVPL services sharing one port ......................................................................................................... 24

Figure 3-4 EVPL services isolated by VLAN IDs ............................................................................................... 25

Figure 3-5 EVPL services isolated by QinQ ....................................................................................................... 25

Figure 3-6 EPLAN service .................................................................................................................................. 26

Figure 3-7 EVPLAN services isolated by IEEE 802.1ad bridges ....................................................................... 27

Figure 3-8 EVPLAN services isolated by VLAN IDs ......................................................................................... 28

Figure 3-9 Using LCAS to dynamically increase or decrease bandwidth ........................................................... 29

Figure 3-10 Using LCAS to protect services in a concatenation group .............................................................. 30

Figure 3-11 Application of IEEE 802.1ag OAM and IEEE 802.3ah OAM ......................................................... 31

Figure 3-12 Functions of test frames ................................................................................................................... 32

Figure 3-13 Application networking of RMON .................................................................................................. 33

Figure 4-1 Typical networking diagram of the OptiX OSN 550 ......................................................................... 36

Figure 6-1 Typical configuration of the OptiX OSN 550 .................................................................................... 42


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Product Description Tables



viii

Tables

Table 1-1 Board list ............................................................................................................................................... 2

Table 2-1 Function units of the OptiX OSN 550 ................................................................................................... 5

Table 2-2 Board list ............................................................................................................................................... 8

Table 3-1 Access capacity of the OptiX OSN 550 ............................................................................................... 14

Table 3-2 Services ports that the OptiX OSN 550 support .................................................................................. 15

Table 3-3 Management and auxiliary ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports ................................................... 16

Table 3-4 DC power supply ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports .................................................................. 16

Table 3-5 Equipment-level protection ................................................................................................................. 17

Table 3-6 Performance specifications .................................................................................................................. 17

Table 3-7 Performance specifications .................................................................................................................. 18

Table 3-8 Parameters for linear MSP ................................................................................................................... 19

Table 3-9 Maximum number of MSP rings supported by the OptiX OSN 550 ................................................... 20

Table 3-10 Parameters for ring MSP ................................................................................................................... 20

Table 3-11 Parameters for SNCP ......................................................................................................................... 21

Table 3-12 Clock functions supported by the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................................................... 22

Table 4-1 Network topologies supported by OptiX OSN 550s and corresponding legends ................................ 34

Table 5-1 DCC allocation modes supported by the OptiX OSN 550................................................................... 37

Table 5-2 Upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................................................... 39

Table 5-3 Information about the version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 550 supports .............................. 40

Table 6-1 General specifications of the OptiX OSN 550 ..................................................................................... 41

Table 6-2 Power consumption and weight of the boards on the OptiX OSN 550 ............................................... 42

Table 6-3 Specifications of STM-1 optical port................................................................................................... 43

Table 6-4 Specifications of STM-4 optical port................................................................................................... 44

Table 6-5 Specifications of the STM-16 optical port ........................................................................................... 44

Table 6-6 Specifications of the GE optical port ................................................................................................... 45

Table 6-7 Specifications of the E1/T1 electrical port .......................................................................................... 46


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Product Description Tables



ix

Table 6-8 Specifications of the E3/T3 electrical port .......................................................................................... 46

Table 6-9 Specifications of the Ethernet electrical port ....................................................................................... 47

Table 6-10 Clock ports and their characteristics .................................................................................................. 47

Table 6-11 Timing and synchronization performance of the OptiX OSN 550 ..................................................... 48

Table 6-12 EMC standards .................................................................................................................................. 48

Table 6-13 Safety certifications for the OptiX OSN 550 ..................................................................................... 49

Table 6-14 Climate requirements for the storage environment ............................................................................ 50

Table 6-15 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during storage ......................................... 51

Table 6-16 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage ............................................. 51

Table 6-17 Limitations for mechanical stress during storage .............................................................................. 52

Table 6-18 Climate requirements for the transportation environment ................................................................. 52

Table 6-19 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during transportation .................................. 53

Table 6-20 Density limitations for chemically active substances ........................................................................ 53

Table 6-21 Mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment ................................................. 54

Table 6-22 Requirements for temperature and humidity ..................................................................................... 55

Table 6-23 Other climate requirements................................................................................................................ 55

Table 6-24 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation ......................................... 55

Table 6-25 Density limitations for chemically active substances ........................................................................ 56

Table 6-26 Limitations for mechanical stress during operation ........................................................................... 56

Table 8-1 ITU-T recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 59

Table 8-2 IEEE standards .................................................................................................................................... 60

Table 8-3 IETF standards ..................................................................................................................................... 61

Table 8-4 Environmental standards ..................................................................................................................... 62

Table 8-5 Safety standards ................................................................................................................................... 62

Table 8-6 Protection standards ............................................................................................................................. 63


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Product Description 1 Product Positioning and Features



1

1 Product Positioning and Features

1.1 Introduction to the OptiX OSN 550

The OptiX OSN 550 is Huawei's new-generation optical transmission equipment that is used

at the access layer.

Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2 show the exterior of the OptiX OSN 550.

Figure 1-1 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 (-48 V and -60 V DC power)

Figure 1-2 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 (110 V and 220 V AC power)

There are two CXL slots in the upper part of the equipment, and six extended slots in the

lower part. The CXL slot houses a functional board integrating the system control unit,

cross-connect unit, timing unit, and line unit. The board has several types to provide different

functions and access capacities required by the OptiX OSN 550. The extended slots house the

line unit, tributary unit, and data unit.

Table 1-1 lists the boards supported by the OptiX OSN 550.


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Table 1-1 Board list

Board Description Interface Valid Slot

CXL

board

TNM1CXL1 System control,

cross-connect,

timing, and line

board (CXL)

1xSTM-1 optical port Slot 7 or

Slot8


cross-connect,

timing, and line

board (CXL)


Slot8


cross-connect,

timing, and line

board (CXL)


Slot8

Boards

in the

extended

slots

TNM1AUX Auxiliary interface

board

One orderwire phone

port

6-input and 2-output

alarm port

Two external clock

ports

One 64 kbit/s

synchronous data port

One 19.2 kbit/s

asynchronous data

port

One port for

monitoring an

outdoor cabinet

One of the

Slots 1 to 6

TNH2SL1D 2xSTM-1 optical

interface board

2xSTM-1 optical ports One of the

Slots 1 to 6

TNH2SL1Q 4xSTM-1 optical

interface board


Slots 1 to 6

TNH2SL4D 2xSTM-4 optical

interface board


Slots 1 to 6

TNH2PL3T 3xE3/T3 electrical

interface board

3xE3/T3 electrical ports One of the

Slots 1 to 6

TNH2SP3D 42xE1/T1 electrical

interface board

42xE1/T1 electrical

ports

One of the

Slots 1 to 6

TNH2EGT1 1xGE Ethernet

transparent

transmission board

1xGE optical port One of the

Slots 1 to 6

TNH2EFS8 8xFE Ethernet

switching and

processing board

8xFE electrical ports One of the

Slots 1 to 6


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Fan

board

TNM1FAN Fan board - Slot 93

Power

supply

board

TND1PIU DC power supply

board

Provides -48 V/-60 V

DC power supply ports.

Slot 91 or

Slot 92

TNF1APIU AC power supply

board

Provides two 110 V/220

V AC power supply

ports

Slots 2

and 4

Slots 4

and 6

(recomme

nded)

1.2 Product Positioning

The OptiX OSN 550 is used at the access layer of a transmission network, providing STM-1,

STM-4, and STM-16 optical ports. The equipment works with other access-layer equipment

to build an entire equipment family at the access layer and complete Huawei's optical

transmission product series.

Figure 1-3 shows the position of the OptiX OSN 550 in a transmission network.

Figure 1-3 Position of the OptiX OSN 550 in a transmission network

OptiX OSN 500

OptiX OSN 9500

Backbone

layer

Convergence

layer

Access

layer

OptiX OSN 550

OptiX Metro 100OptiX Metro 100

Networkterminal unit

OptiX OSN 550

OptiX OSN 500

Switching /Base Station

Ethernet

OptiX OSN 7500 OptiX OSN 7500

OptiX OSN 3500 OptiX OSN 3500


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1.3 Product Features

This section describes the product features and customer value.

Various Ports, Flexible Configuration Models

The OptiX OSN 550 provides a wide variety of service ports, supporting multiple network

topologies such as chains and rings. With more flexible deployment of the OptiX OSN 550,

network resources are made best use of.

Low Power Consumption and Noise, High Integration The power consumption of the typical configuration is 67 W.

The equipment integration is high. The CXL board integrates the system control unit,

cross-connect unit, timing unit, and line unit.

Six extended slots are available.

Simple Structure, Easy-to-Install, High Scalability The OptiX OSN 550 is small in size can easy-to-install. It can be desk-mounted and

wall-mounted.

The OptiX OSN 550 supports evolution to the packet domain. So, the equipment can be

reused to the maximum extent, and carriers' construction cost is reduced.

Various Types of Power Inputs -48 V and -60 V DC power input

110 V and 220 V AC power input


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Product Description 2 Product Architecture



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2 Product Architecture

2.1 System Architecture

This section describes its function units and the relationship between these units.

System Architecture

The OptiX OSN 550 consists of the following function units: service interface unit, TDM

switching unit, control unit, timing unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, and power supply

unit.

Figure 2-1 Block diagram

Synchronous/Asynchronous dataExternal alarm

Service

interface

unit

Fan unitClock

unit

Control

unit

Auxiliary

interface

unit

-48V / -60V DC or

Orderwire

NM data

Control and

overhead bus

Power

unit

VC-4

signal

Outdoor cabinet management port

STM-1/4/16

FE/GE

E1/T1/E3/T3

110V/220V AC

Timeslot

cross-

connect unit

Table 2-1 Function units of the OptiX OSN 550

Function Unit Function

Service interface

unit

Receives and transmits STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 signals.

Receives and transmits E1/T1 signals and E3/T3 signals.

Receives and transmits FE/GE signals.


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Function Unit Function

TDM switching

unit

Provides cross-connect function and grooms TDM services.

Control unit Performs system communication and control.

Configures and manages the system.

Collects alarms and monitors performance.

Processes overheads.

Clock unit Traces clock sources and provides clock signals for the system.

Provides the input/output port for external clocks.

Auxiliary interface

unit

Provides the orderwire phone port.

Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data port.

Provides the external alarm input/output port.

Provides the port for monitoring an outdoor cabinet

Power supply unit Connects to -48 V and-60 V DC power supplies.

Connects to 110 V and 220 V AC power supplies.

Fan unit Cools the NE.

2.2 Hardware Structure

This section mainly describes the system architecture, chassis, and boards of the OptiX OSN

550.

2.2.1 Chassis

The OptiX OSN 550 is 2U-high case-shaped equipment that consists of four layers of slots for

boards. Two CXL slots and six extended slots are provided for flexible configuration.

2.2.2 Boards

Boards are an important part of the equipment hardware.

2.2.3 Ventilation Design

The case of the OptiX OSN 550 is densely covered with small air holes. Through these holes,

air is let in from the left and out from the right by fans.

2.2.1 Chassis

The OptiX OSN 550 is 2U-high case-shaped equipment that consists of four layers of slots for

boards. Two CXL slots and six extended slots are provided for flexible configuration.

Figure 2-2 shows the exterior of the OptiX OSN 550.


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Figure 2-2 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550

Board

installation

area

SLOT

9

(PIU)

SLOT 7 (CST/CSH)

SLOT 1 (EXT )

SLOT 5 (EXT)

SLOT 3 (EXT)

SLOT 2 (EXT )

SLOT 4 (EXT)

SLOT 6 (EXT)

SLOT 8 (CST/CSH)SLOT

10

(PIU) SLOT

11

(FAN)SLOT92

(PIU) SLOT 1 (EXT)

SLOT 5 (EXT)

SLOT 3 (EXT)

SLOT 2 (EXT)

SLOT 4 (EXT)

SLOT 6 (EXT)

SLOT 8 (CXL)SLOT91

(PIU) SLOT93

(FAN)

Power supply board area

System control, switching,

and timing board area

Extended board area

Fan area

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

SLOT 7 (CXL)

W

H

D

The OptiX OSN 550 has the following slot areas:

Power supply area: This area houses power supply modules for the power input and

output of the equipment.

Fan area: This area houses fan modules, which dissipate heat generated by the equipment.

The fan board supports the status checks for locked-rotor and rotating speed, status query,

and fault reporting.

Extended slot area: This area houses a wide range of extended boards and AC power

supply board APIU on the OptiX OSN 550.

System control, switching, and timing slot area: This area houses the CXL board on the

OptiX OSN 550.

2.2.2 Boards

Boards are an important part of the equipment hardware.

Table 2-2 lists the boards supported by the OptiX OSN 550.


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Table 2-2 Board list


CXL board TNM1CXL1 System control,

cross-connect,

timing, and line

board (CXL)

1xSTM-1 optical

port

Slot 7 or

Slot8


cross-connect,

timing, and line

board (CXL)

1xSTM-4 optical

port

Slot 7 or

Slot8


cross-connect,

timing, and line

board (CXL)

1xSTM-16 optical

port

Slot 7 or

Slot8

Boards in the

extended slots

TNM1AUX Auxiliary

interface board

One orderwire

phone port

6-input and

2-output alarm port

Two external clock

ports

One 64 kbit/s

synchronous data

port

One 19.2 kbit/s

asynchronous data

port

One port for

monitoring an

outdoor cabinet

One of the

Slots 1 to

6

TNH2SL1D 2xSTM-1

optical interface

board

2xSTM-1 optical

ports

One of the

Slots 1 to

6

TNH2SL1Q 4xSTM-1

optical interface

board

4xSTM-1 optical

ports

One of the

Slots 1 to

6

TNH2SL4D 2xSTM-4

optical interface

board

2xSTM-4 optical

ports

One of the

Slots 1 to

6

TNH2PL3T 3xE3/T3

electrical

interface board

3xE3/T3 electrical

ports

One of the

Slots 1 to

6

TNH2SP3D 42xE1/T1

electrical

interface board

42xE1/T1 electrical

ports

One of the

Slots 1 to

6


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TNH2EGT1 1xGE Ethernet

transparent

transmission

board

1xGE optical port One of the

Slots 1 to

6

TNH2EFS8 8xFE Ethernet

switching and

processing

board

8xFE electrical ports One of the

Slots 1 to

6

Fan board TNM1FAN Fan board - Slot 93

Power supply

board

TND1PIU DC power

supply board

Provides -48 V/-60

V DC power supply

ports.

Slot 91 or

Slot 92

TNF1APIU AC power

supply board

Provides two 110

V/220 V AC power

supply ports

Slots 2

and 4

Slots 4

and 6

(recomm

ended)

2.2.3 Ventilation Design

The case of the OptiX OSN 550 is densely covered with small air holes. Through these holes,

air is let in from the left and out from the right by fans.

Ensure the smooth flow of air inside and around the equipment. Do not block the air inlet and air outlet

of the subrack when cabling. Keep the top of subrack clean.


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Figure 2-3 Ventilation design of the OptiX OSN 550

AIR IN

AIR OUT

2.3 Software Architecture

This section describes the software architecture of the OptiX OSN 550.

2.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture

The software system is of a modular structure. The modules accomplish the corresponding

functions and interoperate with each other.

2.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces

The communication interfaces on the equipment are mainly Qx interfaces. For the description

of the protocol stacks and messages on the Qx interfaces, see ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, and

ITU-T Q.812.

2.3.3 Board Software

Board software runs on boards configured with CPUs and performs management, monitoring,

and control functions for the boards.

2.3.4 NE Software

The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running of boards in the NE. In

addition, the NE software serves as the service unit for the communication between the NMS

and boards. In this manner, the NMS can control and manage the NE.

2.3.5 NMS Software

Like other optical transmission equipment, the OptiX OSN 550 is managed by the iManager

series NMS.


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2.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture

The software system is of a modular structure. The modules accomplish the corresponding

functions and interoperate with each other.

The software modules fall into three types: the board software that runs on a variety of

functional boards, the NE software that runs on the system control and communication board,

and the network management software that runs on the network management computer.

The software system is of layered design. That is, each layer performs specific functions and

serves its upper layer. Figure 2-4 shows the general architecture of software. All the modules

except the network management system and the board software are NE software.

Figure 2-4 General architecture of software

2.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces

The communication interfaces on the equipment are mainly Qx interfaces. For the description

of the protocol stacks and messages on the Qx interfaces, see ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, and

ITU-T Q.812.

A Qx interface mainly connects a mediation device (MD), Q adaptation (QA), or network

element (NE) with an operations system (OS) through the local communication network

(LCN). A QA interface is provided at the NE management layer, and an MD and OS are

provided at the network management layer. As specified in the Recommendation, a Qx

interface is developed in compliance with the Connectionless Network LayerService (CLNS1)

based on TCP/IP. A Qx interface supports the remote access of NMS through a modem, and

the IP layer uses the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) accordingly.


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2.3.3 Board Software

Board software runs on boards configured with CPUs and performs management, monitoring,

and control functions for the boards.

On the OptiX OSN 550, the software that controls all boards runs on the CXL board.

The board software receives the commands issued by the NE software, and reports the board

status to the NE software in the form of performance events and alarms.

The specific functions include alarm management, performance management, configuration

management, and communication management. The drive control over functional circuits of

the board is software-specific. The ITU-T compliant functions are achieved under the control

of the NE software.

2.3.4 NE Software

The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running of boards in the NE. In

addition, the NE software serves as the service unit for the communication between the NMS

and boards. In this manner, the NMS can control and manage the NE.

In compliance with ITU-T M.3010, the NE software belongs to the element management

layer in the telecommunications management network (TMN), and provides NE functions,

some coordination functions, and operations system functions at the network element layer.

The data communication function (DCF) provides communication functions between the NE

and other components (including mediation devices, NMS, and other NEs).

Real-time multi-task operating system

The real-time multi-task operating system of the NE software is responsible for the

management of public resources and supports applications. This system provides an

application execution environment that is independent of the processor hardware, to

separate applications from the processor.

Communication and control module

The Communication and control module is the interface module between the NE

software and the board software. According to the corresponding communication

protocol, the communication and control module achieves the communication between

the NE software and the board software. In this manner, the information can be

exchanged and the equipment can be maintained. On one hand, the communication and

control module issues the maintenance operation commands of the NE software to the

boards. On the other hand, it reports the status, alarms, and performance events of the

boards to the NE software.

Network side (NS) module

The network side (NS) module is between the communication module and equipment

management module. It converts the data format between the user operation side on the

application layer and the NE equipment management layer, and provides security control

for the NE layer. The NS module can be subdivided into three submodules in terms of

function: Qx interface module, command line interface module, and security

management module.

Equipment management module

The equipment management module (AM) is the kernel of the NE software. It

implements NE management, and includes the Manager and the Agent. The Manager

sends network management operation commands and receives event information. The

Agent responds to the network management operation commands sent by the Manager,


Transmission System




13

performs operations to managed objects, and reports events according to the status

change of the managed objects.

Communication module

This module fulfills the message communication function (MCF) of the functional

blocks of the transmission network equipment. Through the hardware interface provided

by the SCB board, the communication module transmits the OAM&P information and

exchanges management information between the NMS and NEs, and between NEs

themselves. The communication module consists of network communication module,

serial communication module, and ECC communication module.

Database management module

The database management module is a principal component of the NE software. It

consists of the data and the programs. The data, organized by database form, consists of

the network database, alarm database, performance database, and equipment database.

The program manages and accesses the data in the databases.

2.3.5 NMS Software

Like other optical transmission equipment, the OptiX OSN 550 is managed by the iManager

series NMS.

The NMS manages the optical transport network, and maintains all the OSN, SDH, Metro,

and DWDM equipment on networks.

The NMS, which complies with the ITU-T Recommendations, adopts a standard management

information model and the object-oriented management technology. The NMS exchanges

information with the NE software through the communication module to monitor and manage

the network equipment.

The NMS software runs on a workstation or PC. It manages the equipment and the

transmission network. The NMS software provides the operation and maintenance function

for the transmission equipment, and also provides the management capability for the

transmission network. The NMS software has the following management functions:

Alarm management: collects, prompts, filters, browses, acknowledges, checks, clears,

counts alarms in real time, inserts alarms, analyzes alarm correlation, and diagnoses

faults.

Performance management: sets performance monitoring; browses, analyses and prints

performance data; forecasts medium- and long-term performance; resets the performance

register.

Configuration management: configures and manages the ports, clocks, services, trails,

subnets, and time.

Security management: NM user management; NE user management; NE login

management; NE login lockout; NE setting lockout; and local craft terminal (LCT)

access control.

Maintenance management: performs loopbacks; resets boards; automatically shuts down

lasers; detects fiber power; collects equipment data. In this manner, the maintenance

personnel can locate and rectify equipment faults more quickly.


Transmission System

Product Description 3 Product Functions and Features



14

3 Product Functions and Features

3.1 Capacity

Capacities are classified into the cross-connect capacity and the access capacity.

Cross-Connect Capacity

The OptiX OSN 550 supports a higher order cross-connect capacity of 20 Gbit/s, and a lower

order cross-connect capacity of 5 Gbit/s.

Access Capacity

The OptiX OSN 550 receives and transmits services through a wide range of ports, supporting

an access capacity of 12.5 Gbit/s.

Table 3-1 lists the maximum access capacity of the equipment.

Table 3-1 Access capacity of the OptiX OSN 550

Service Type Maximum Access Capacity

STM-16 standard service 2



E3/T3 service 18

E1/T1 service 252

Fast Ethernet (FE) service 48

Gigabit Ethernet (GE) service 6


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15

3.2 Port Types

The external ports of the OptiX OSN 550 include service ports and management and auxiliary

ports.

Service Ports

The services ports on the OptiX OSN 550 include the SDH service ports, PDH service ports,

and Ethernet service ports.

Table 3-2 lists the services ports that the OptiX OSN 550 support.

Table 3-2 Services ports that the OptiX OSN 550 support

Port Type Specifications Function Connector Type

SDH port STM-1 optical port: S-1.1

(single-fiber bidirectional),

L-1.1 (single-fiber

bidirectional), and L-1.2

Receives and transmits

STM-1 optical signals.

LC

STM-4 optical port: S-4.1

(single-fiber bidirectional),

L-4.1, and L-4.2



STM-16 optical port:

S-16.1, L-16.1, and L-16.2



PDH port 75/120-ohm E1 electrical

port

Receives and transmits E1

electrical signals.

Anea 96

100-ohm T1 electrical port Receives and transmits T1

electrical signals.

75-ohm E3/T3 electrical

port


E3/T3 electrical signals.

SMB

Ethernet

service port

100BASE-TX Receives and transmits

10M/100M Ethernet

electrical signals.

RJ45

1000BASE-LX

(single-fiber bidirectional)


1000M Ethernet optical

signals.

LC

Management and Auxiliary ports

The OptiX OSN 550 provides a wide range of management and auxiliary ports.

Table 3-3 lists the management and auxiliary ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports.


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16

Table 3-3 Management and auxiliary ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports

Port Type Description Function Connector Type

Management

port

Network management

port

Connects to the NMS, such

as the U2000

RJ45

Alarm port 6-input and 2-output

alarm port

Connects to the external

centralized alarm device and

external environment

monitoring device.

RJ45

Clock port Two external clock

input/output ports

Inputs and outputs external

clocks.

RJ45

Auxiliary ports One 64 kbit/s

synchronous serial port

Provides a codirectional data

channel port. RJ45

One 19.2 kbit/s

asynchronous

transparent data port

Transparently transmits data

services.

RJ45

Port for

monitoring an

outdoor cabinet

One port for monitoring

an outdoor cabinet

Connects to an outdoor

cabinet

RJ45

Orderwire phone

port

One orderwire phone

interface

Used for voice

communication between

operation personnel or

maintenance personnel at

different workstations

RJ45

Power Supply Ports

The OptiX OSN 550 supports DC power supply ports.

Table 3-4 lists the DC power supply ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports.

Table 3-4 DC power supply ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports

Port Type Description Function Connector Type

Power supply port DC power input Connects to the -48 V

and -60 V DC power

supply.

Four-phase socket

AC power input Connects to the 110 V

and 220 V AC power

supply.

Three-phase socket


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17

3.3 Network Topology

The OptiX OSN 550 supports a wide range of network topologies such as rings and chains.

The OptiX OSN 550 supports separate and combined configuration of the following types:

terminal multiplexer (TM), add/drop multiplexer (ADM), and multiple add/drop multiplexer

(MADM). The OptiX OSN 550 uses STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 optical ports to form a

chain network or ring network.

The OptiX OSN 550 is used at the access layer, and network with Huawei's OptiX Metro

series and OptiX OSN series. In addition, it can network with third-party equipment.

3.4 Protection Support

The OptiX OSN 550 provides equipment protection schemes, and complete network

protection schemes for a wide range of services.

3.4.1 Equipment-level Protection

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following equipment-level protection schemes: LAG, power

1+1 backup, and CXL board 1+1 backup.

3.4.2 Network-Level Protection

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following network-level protection schemes: MSP, SNCP,

and fiber-shared virtual path protection.

3.4.1 Equipment-level Protection

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following equipment-level protection schemes: LAG, power

1+1 backup, and CXL board 1+1 backup.

Table 3-5 lists the equipment-level protection schemes supported by the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 3-5 Equipment-level protection

Protected Object Protection scheme

System control, cross-connect, timing and

line (CXL) board

1+1 backup

Power interface board 1+1 backup

Ports on Ethernet boards LAG

LAG Protection

Table 3-6 Performance specifications

Item Description

Quantity A maximum of eight link aggregation groups (LAGs); a

maximum of eight ports in each LAG


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18

Item Description

Revertive Mode Revertive (default value), non-revertive

Load sharing mode Load sharing, load non-sharing

Power 1+1 Backup

The OptiX OSN 550 supports power 1+1 backup.

The PIU board feeds two -48 V (or -60 V) power supplies at the same time. The two

power supplies provides mutual backup. If one power supply fails, the equipment works

properly with the other power supply.

The APIU board supports hitless switching between two power modules. One power

module provides protection functions in the cases of input overvoltage, input

undervoltage, output overvoltage, output over-current, output short-circuit, and

over-temperature.

CXL Board 1+1 Backup

The OptiX OSN 550 supports 1+1 backup of system control, switching, timing and line (CXL)

boards.

Table 3-7 Performance specifications

Item Description

Slots for working and

protection boards

Slots 7 and 8

Switching condition Switching triggered by board removal, manual switching, and

automatic switching

Revertive mode Non-revertive

After switching, the original protection board is the current

working board. The original working board remains the current

protection board even if it recovers to normal.

3.4.2 Network-Level Protection

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following network-level protection schemes: MSP, SNCP,

and fiber-shared virtual path protection.

MSP

The OptiX OSN 550 supports 1+1 linear MSP, 1:N (N ≤ 14), two-fiber unidirectional ring

MSP, and two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP.


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19

Linear MSP

The linear MSP is mainly used in a chain network. The OptiX OSN 550 supports a maximum

of thirteen 1+1 and 1:N (N ≤ 14) linear MSP groups. Under the linear MSP, the switching

time is less than 50 ms, as specified in ITU-T G.841.

Table 3-8 lists the parameters for linear MSP.

Table 3-8 Parameters for linear MSP

Protection Type

Revertive Mode

Switching Protocol

Switching Duration

Default WTR Time

Switching Condition (Any of the Conditions Triggers the Switching)

1+1

single-ended

switching

Non-rever

tive

Not

required

< 50 ms - R_LOS

R_LOF

MS_AIS

B2_EXC

B2_SD (optional)

Forced switching

Manual switching

Exercise switching

Lockout of

protectionNote

1+1

single-ended

switching

Revertive Not

required

< 50 ms 600s

1+1

dual-ended

switching

Non-rever

tive

APS

protocol

< 50 ms -

1+1

dual-ended

switching

Revertive APS

protocol

< 50 ms 600s

1:N

dual-ended

switching

Revertive APS

protocol

< 50 ms 600s

Lockout of protection involves that all services including normal services and extra services are locked

in the working channel. If the service is already switched to the protection channel, the command

forcibly switches it back to the working channel even when the working channel is not restored. If the

service is in the working channel, the service is not switched to the protection channel after the

command is executed.

The optical port of the CXL board cannot be configured into the same linear MSP group with the optical

port of an extended board.

Ring MSP

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following types of ring MSP:

Two-fiber unidirectional ring MSP at the STM-1 level

Two-fiber unidirectional/bidirectional ring MSP at the STM-4 level

Two-fiber unidirectional/bidirectional ring MSP at the STM-16 level

The OptiX OSN 550 supports two-fiber multiplex section protection rings, with the switching

time less than 50 ms, as specified in ITU-T Recommendation G.841.


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20

Table 3-9 lists the maximum number of MSP rings supported by the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 3-9 Maximum number of MSP rings supported by the OptiX OSN 550

Protection Scheme Maximum Number of MSP Rings

Two-fiber MSP ring at the STM-1 level 13



Table 3-10 lists the parameters for ring MSP.

Table 3-10 Parameters for ring MSP

Protection Type

Revertive Mode

Switching Protocol

Switching Duration

Default WTR Time


Two-fiber

bidirectional

MSP

Revertive APS

protocol

< 50 ms 600s R_LOS

R_LOF

MS_AIS

B2_EXC

B2_SD (optional)

Forced switching

Manual switching

Exercise

switching

Lockout of

protectionNote

Two-fiber

unidirection

al MSP

Revertive APS

protocol

< 50 ms 600s

Lockout of protection involves that all services including normal services and extra services are locked

in the working channel. If the service is already switched to the protection channel, the command

forcibly switches it back to the working channel even when the working channel is not restored. If the

service is in the working channel, the service is not switched to the protection channel after the

command is executed.

The optical port of the CXL board cannot be configured into the same ring MSP group with the optical

port of an extended board.

SNCP

The OptiX OSN 550 supports 1032 sub-network connection protection (SNCP) groups.

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the SNCP at the VC-12, VC-3, and VC-4 levels. The protection

characteristics meet the requirements specified in ITU-T G.841. Even multiple services are

switched synchronously, the switching time is less than 50 ms.


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21

Table 3-11 lists the parameters for SNCP.

Table 3-11 Parameters for SNCP

Protection Type

Revertive Mode

Switching Duration

Default WTR Time


SNCP Revertive < 50 ms 600s At the VC-12 level:

R_LOS

R_LOF

AU_AIS

AU_LOP

TU_LOP

MS_AIS

TU_AIS

TU_LOP

LP_UNEQ (optional)

BIP_SD (optional)

BIP_EXC (optional)

At the VC-3 level:

R_LOS

R_LOF

AU_AIS

AU_LOP

TU_LOP

MS_AIS

TU_AIS

TU_LOP

LP_UNEQ (optional)

B3_SD (optional)

B3_EXC (optional)

At the VC-4 level:

R_LOS

R_LOF

AU_AIS

AU_LOP

TU_LOP

MS_AIS

B2_EXC

HP_UNEQ (optional)

HP_TIM (optional)

B3_SD (optional)

B3_EXC (optional)

Non-revert

ive

< 50 ms -


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22

Fiber-Shared Virtual Path Protection

In the fiber-shared virtual path protection, one STM-16 or STM-4 optical path is logically

divided into multiple lower order or higher order paths. The path-level rings can be

configured with the protection schemes such as MSP, SNCP, and non-protection.

As shown in Figure 3-1, an STM-4 path is logically divided into two. Two VC-4 channels are

configured with MSP, and the other two VC-4 channels are divided into lower order channels

and then configured with SNCP. This protection scheme is fiber-shared virtual path

protection.

Any combination of MSP and SNCP is supported on a shared fiber. The virtual paths that share the fiber,

however, cannot be of the MSP attribute at the same time, because an optical path can provide only one

pair of K bytes.

Figure 3-1 Fiber-shared virtual path protection

STM-4

SNCP/MSP

MSTP

3.5 Clock Synchronization

The OptiX OSN 550 supports a wide range of synchronous clock sources and clock

management functions.

Table 3-12 lists the clock functions supported by the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 3-12 Clock functions supported by the OptiX OSN 550

Item Description

Clock protocol Supports the standard Synchronization

Status Message (SSM) protocol, extended

SSM protocol, and non-SSM protocol.


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23

Item Description

Clock source Supports two 120-ohm external clock

outputs/inputs.

Supports line clocks, tributary clocks, and

internal clocks.

Supports the priority table for one 2

Mbit/s phase-locked source

Working mode Supports the locked mode, holdover mode,

and free-run mode

3.6 Ethernet Features

The OptiX OSN 550 supports Ethernet private line (EPL) services, Ethernet virtual private

line (EVPL) services, Ethernet private LAN (EPLAN) services, and Ethernet virtual private

LAN (EVPLAN) services. In addition, the OptiX OSN 550 supports a wide range of Ethernet

protection, operating, and maintenance functions.

3.6.1 Service Support

This section describes the application of Ethernet services.

3.6.2 Protection Support

The OptiX OSN 550 supports Ethernet protection schemes such as Link Capacity Adjustment

Scheme (LCAS), Spanning Tree Protocol(STP)/Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and

Link State Pass Through (LPT).

3.6.3 Maintenance

The OptiX OSN 550 supports a variety of Ethernet operation and maintenance functions.

3.6.1 Service Support

This section describes the application of Ethernet services.

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following services:

EPL service

EVPL Service

EPLAN service

EVPLAN service

EPL Service

The EPL technology accomplishes the point-to-point transparent transmission of the Ethernet

services. As shown in Figure 3-2, the Ethernet services of different NEs are transmitted to the

destination node through their segregated VCTRUNKs. In this manner, secure and reliable

transmission is achieved. The Ethernet services are also protected by SDH self-healing ring

(SHR).


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24

Figure 3-2 EPL services based on port

VCTRUNK 1PORT1

PORT2

VCTRUNK 1

VCTRUNK2 VCTRUNK2

POTR1

A

NE 1 NE 2

B

PORT2

OptiX OSN

equipmentEnterprise user

A

B

EVPL Service

The OptiX OSN 550 supports two types of EVPL services.

EVPL services sharing one port. Services are transmitted in different VLANs and share

the bandwidth of one port.

As shown in Figure 3-3, the services are classified into two flows by using VLAN IDs, and

the two VLAN IDs indicate different departments of company A. The two flows are

transmitted through different VCTRUNKs.

Figure 3-3 EVPL services sharing one port

Headquarters

of Company A

NE 1 NE 2

Marketing department

of Company A

Technical support

department of

Company A

OptiX OSN

equipment Enterprise user

PORT1

PORT2

VLAN100

PORT1

VLAN100

VLAN200VLAN200

VCTRUNK1

VCTRUNK2

EVPL services sharing one VCTRUNK. The OptiX OSN 550 converges and isolates

EVPL services by using the following methods:

− VLAN, as shown in Figure 3-4

− QinQ, as shown in Figure 3-5


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25

Figure 3-4 EVPL services isolated by VLAN IDs

VCTRUNK

A A

'

NE 1 NE 2

B

Community

broadband

Internet

cafe

OptiX OSN

equipment

VLAN100

VLAN200

VLAN100

VLAN200

1 PORT2PORT PORT1

B

'

PORT2

Figure 3-5 EVPL services isolated by QinQ

Branch 1

NE 1 NE 2

Company AOptiX OSN

equipment

Branch 2

Marketing

department

Technical support

department

Marketing

department

Technical support

department

VCTRUNK1

PORT1PORT1

`

C-Aware

Adding tags

S-AwareStripping tags

S-Aware C-Aware

EPLAN Service

The EPLAN services are multipoint-to-multipoint services sharing one VLAN. To be specific,

the OptiX OSN 550 adopts virtual bridge (VB) to perform Layer 2 switching of Ethernet

services.

Each board in the system has a VB, and each VB has a MAC address table. This MAC

address table is periodically updated by means of self-learning. Based on its destination MAC

address in the table, an incoming service is forwarded through a specific VCTRUNK. See

Figure 3-6.


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26

Figure 3-6 EPLAN service

Branch 1

NE 1NE 2

Company A OptiX OSN equipment

Branch 2

NE3Branch 3

Access point

Port 1

Port 1

Port 1

VCTRUNK1

VCTRUNK2

VCTRUNK1

PORT1

VCTRUNK1

PORT1PORT1 VB

VB

VB

EVPLAN Service

The EVPLAN services are multipoint-to-multipoint services sharing one VLAN, and the

services with the same VLAN IDs can be isolated within one VLAN. To be specific, two data

services, which have the same VLAN ID enter the same node and dynamically share the

bandwidth.

The OptiX OSN 550 transmits EVPLAN services by using the following methods:

IEEE 802.1ad, as shown in Figure 3-7

VLAN, as shown in Figure 3-8


Transmission System




27

Figure 3-7 EVPLAN services isolated by IEEE 802.1ad bridges

NE 1 NE 2

Company

A

OptiX OSN

equipment

Branch 2

NE3Brach 3

Access

point

Port 1

Port 1

Port 1LSP

Branch 3

Branch 2

Port 2

Port 2

Port 2

VCTRUNK1

PORT1PORT2

VCTRUNK2

Branch 1

VCTRUNK2

VCTRUNK1

Company

B

LSP LSP PORT1PORT2

VC

TR

UN

K1

PO

RT

1P

OR

T2

VC

TR

UN

K2

C-Aware S-Aware

C-Aware

S-Aware

C-Aware

S-Aware

VB

VB

VB

Branch 1


Transmission System




28

Figure 3-8 EVPLAN services isolated by VLAN IDs

NE 1 NE 2

Company

A

OptiX OSN

equipment

Branch 2

NE3Branch 3

Access

point

Port 1

Port 1

Port 1LSP

Branch 3

Port 2

VCTRUNK1

PORT1

PORT2

Branch 1

Company

B

LSP LSP

VLAN1

VLAN2

VB

Branch 1

VCTRUNK1

PORT1

VLAN1

VB

VCTRUNK1

PORT1

VLAN2

VB

3.6.2 Protection Support

The OptiX OSN 550 supports Ethernet protection schemes such as Link Capacity Adjustment

Scheme (LCAS), Spanning Tree Protocol(STP)/Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and

Link State Pass Through (LPT).

LCAS

LCAS provides an error tolerance mechanism, which provides services and restores a failed

member. LCAS has the following functions:

When used with the concatenation technology, LCAS enables the configuration of

system capacity, the increase and decrease in concatenated VCs, and the dynamic change

in bearer bandwidth (services are not affected during the dynamic change).

LCAS provides services and restores a failed member.

As shown in Figure 3-9, LCAS can dynamically add members to increase bandwidth, without

interrupting services. LCAS can also dynamically delete members to reduce bandwidth.


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29

Figure 3-9 Using LCAS to dynamically increase or decrease bandwidth

Branch

Adding a 10 Mbit/s

bandwidth

Headquarters

MSTP network

Member

Member

Branch Headquarters

MSTP

Member

Member

New member

As shown in Figure 3-10, LCAS protects Ethernet services. When a member fails, the failed

member is automatically deleted, and the other members continue to transmit data. When the

failed member is restored, it automatically joins the concatenation group and transmits data

again.


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30

Figure 3-10 Using LCAS to protect services in a concatenation group

BranchHeadquarters

MSTP network

Member

Member

Branch Headqarters

MSTP

Member

Member

Failed member

Deleting the failed member

STP/RSTP

The Ethernet boards support the STP/RSTP. After the STP and RSTP are started, the topology

must be reconfigured to prevent broadcast storms. In addition, STP and RSTP can protect

links through topology reconstruction.

LPT

LPT is a link-based protection scheme. When the active and standby ports between routers are

on different links, LPT can be used to protect services. To be specific, when a working link

becomes faulty, LPT shuts down the local port so that the opposite router learns that the

working link has failed. Then, the services are switched from the active port to the standby

port for transmission.

3.6.3 Maintenance

The OptiX OSN 550 supports a variety of Ethernet operation and maintenance functions.

ETH-OAM

ETH-OAM enhances the Ethernet Layer 2 maintenance to strongly support the service

continuity verification, service deployment commissioning and network fault locating.

With the continuous development of the Ethernet, especially when the network develops from

LAN to WAN, operators pay more attention to equipment maintainability. Solutions to


Transmission System




31

operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) in the transmission network are required

urgently. Therefore, ETH-OAM is developed.

As a protocol based on the MAC layer, ETH-OAM checks Ethernet links by transmitting

OAM protocol packets. Compared with the transmission medium, this protocol is independent.

The OAM packets are processed only at the MAC layer, having no impact at other layers in

the Ethernet. Moreover, as a low-rate protocol, the ETH-OAM protocol occupies low

bandwidth. Therefore, this protocol does not affect services carried on the link.

Comparison between ETH-OAM and existing network on maintenance and fault locating:

The current port loopback function focuses on all packets at the port. Therefore, the

loopback cannot be performed for a specific service selectively.

ETH-OAM can detect hardware faults.

ETH-OAM can detect and locate faults automatically.

Both ITU-T and IEEE have researches on ETH-OAM. Currently, Huawei Ethernet service

processing boards realize the ETH-OAM function, which is subject to IEEE 802.1ag and

IEEE 802.3ah. As shown in Figure 3-11, the combination of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah

provides a complete Ethernet OAM solution.

Figure 3-11 Application of IEEE 802.1ag OAM and IEEE 802.3ah OAM

Core Layer

PE1

CE4

PE2 CE3

P

P P

P

CE1

Router3

Access LayerAccess Layer

Custom LayerCustom Layer

Router1

Router2

IEEE 802.1ag IEEE 802.3ahIEEE 802.3ah

CE2

OptiX NE

IEEE 802.1ag OAM focuses on the maintenance of end-to-end Ethernet links. Based on

services, IEEE 802.1ag OAM realizes the end-to-end check by detecting each

maintenance domain successively. That is, it performs segmental management on each

network segment that is involved in the same service in the network.

IEEE 802.3ah OAM focuses on the point-to-point Ethernet link maintenance between

two pieces of directly-connected equipment in Ethernet in the first mile (EFM). IEEE

802.3ah OAM does not focus on the specific service. It maintains the Ethernet

point-to-point link by performing OAM auto-discovery, link performance monitoring,

fault check, remote loopback and self-loop check.


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32

Test Frames

A test frame is a data packet that is used to test the connectivity on the SDH network carrying

Ethernet services. The test frame is mainly used for deployment commissioning or fault

locating of Ethernet services.

Test frames can be used to test inter-NE Ethernet services and to locate faulty nodes in the

case of errors. In addition, test frames can be used to query the information about the opposite

NE, including NE ID, NE name, port ID, and VCTRUNK ID.

In terms of service processing, a transport network can be an access network or a service

network. For deployment commissioning or fault locating of Ethernet services, test frames

can be used to test the connectivity of SDH links on the service network. The bandwidth

occupied by test frames is too low to be considered. The sending mode and number of test

frames can be set.

As shown in Figure 3-12, when Ethernet services between Router 1 and Router 2 are

unavailable, test frames can be sent between neighboring nodes to locate the fault. The testing

process is as follows:

1. The VCTRUNK port of the data board on NE1 sends test frames to the VCTRUNK port

of the data board on NE2.

2. Upon receiving test frames, NE2 sends response packets to NE1.

3. NE1 counts the sent frames and received frames. Users determine the quality of the

service network based on the counts.

For bidirectional services, the service network is considered normal if the transmit end

receives response packets.

For unidirectional services, the service network is considered normal if the receive end

receives test frames.

Figure 3-12 Functions of test frames

OptiX NE

MAC VCTRUNK

Board

MAC

Board

Access network Service network Access network

NE1 NE2

VCTRUNK

Test frame

Response frame

Router 1 Router 2


Transmission System




33

RMON

The remote monitor (RMON) function can be used to monitor the transport network data of

different network segments.

RMON provides the setting and query of statistics and control information at Ethernet ports.

The information is used for the analysis of Ethernet performance. In addition, RMON notifies

the NMS of the change in network performance through alarm and performance mechanisms.

The notification enables the NMS to conveniently manage the network.

As shown in Figure 3-13, there are five sites, and Site E needs to monitor the Ethernet service

from Site A.

Figure 3-13 Application networking of RMON

NE A

NE B NE C NE D

NE EE

the

rne

t po

rt

Eth

ern

et p

ort

There is an Ethernet service between Site A and Site E. The RMON function is used to

monitor the service from Site A. By querying the RMON performance of Ethernet service

boards on Site E, you can learn the alarm and performance information about the Ethernet

boards on Site A (transmit end). The RMON function is achieved through the following

modules:

Statistics group: records the current statistics of the real-time performance at Ethernet

ports.

History group: records the statistics of the Ethernet performance in a certain history

period.

History control group: specifies the method for obtaining the history data of each

Ethernet port.

Alarm group: provides alarm setting and enabling/disabling of monitoring status in

statistical samples.


Transmission System

Product Description 4 Networking and Application Scenarios



34

4 Networking and Application Scenarios

When planning the networking, adhere to the basic principles, and consider the NE types and

networking modes supported by the OptiX OSN 550.

The OptiX OSN 550s can independently form a chain or ring network, or form a hybrid

network with the other OptiX transmission equipment.

Basic Network Topologies of OptiX OSN 550s

The OptiX OSN 550 supports separate and combined configuration of the following types:

terminal multiplexer (TM), add/drop multiplexer (ADM), and multiple add/drop multiplexer

(MADM).

OptiX OSN 550s can form the following network topologies: chain, ring, tangent rings, and

ring with chain. In addition, OptiX OSN 550s can be interconnected with other OptiX OSN

equipment, OptiX DWDM equipment, and OptiX Metro equipment to provide a complete

transport network solution. See Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 Network topologies supported by OptiX OSN 550s and corresponding legends

Network Topology

Legend

Chain

Ring


Transmission System




35

Network Topology

Legend

Tangent

rings

Ring with

chain

Networking and Application Scenarios

Generally, the OptiX OSN 550s are inter-networked with the other OptiX transmission

equipment. Figure 4-1 shows the networking scenario.


Transmission System




36

Figure 4-1 Typical networking diagram of the OptiX OSN 550

PDH

V.35/V.24/

X.21/FE1

FE/E1

OptiX OSN 3500

OptiX OSN 3500

OptiX OSN 3500

OptiX OSN 500

OptiX OSN 3500

OptiX OSN 550

FE

OptiX OSN 550


Transmission System

Product Description 5 Operation and Maintenance



37

5 Operation and Maintenance

5.1 DCN

The OptiX OSN 550 supports three types of communication protocols and the transparent

transmission of DCC overheads over the external clock ports for the DCN networking.

When the OAM information of the OptiX OSN 550 needs to be transparently transmitted by

the third-party equipment, or when the OptiX OSN 550 needs to transparently transmit the

OAM information of the third-party equipment, the following modes can be adopted:

HW ECC

IP over DCC

OSI over DCC

When the DCC bytes of the third-party equipment cannot transmit the OAM information of

the OptiX OSN 550, the external clock port of the OptiX OSN 550 can be used instead.

Table 5-1 lists the DCC allocation modes supported by the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 5-1 DCC allocation modes supported by the OptiX OSN 550

DCC Allocation Description

Channel type D1-D3 and D4-D12

Running mode Mode 1 32 channels of D1-D3 bytes

Mode 2 12 channels of D1-D3 bytes,

6 channels of D4-D12 bytes

5.2 Network Management

The OptiX OSN 550 and other optical transmission equipment are unifiedly managed by the

iManager series NMS.

Through the Qx interface or the man machine language (MML) interface, the NMS can

manage the optical transmission system in the following aspects: faults, performance,

configuration, and security. In addition, the NMS can also maintain and test the optical


Transmission System




38

transmission system. The NMS enhances the quality of network services, reduces the

maintenance cost, and ensures an efficient use of network resources.

A login to the LCT is not allowed during a login to the NMS. After a 30-minute logout of the

NMS, a login to the LCT is allowed.

5.3 Fault Locating and Equipment Maintenance

The OptiX OSN 550 provides powerful maintenance functions. Therefore, the user can

conveniently monitor, debug, and troubleshoot the equipment.

Alarm and Performance Management Provides the alarm input and output function, thus facilitating the collection of

equipment alarms.

Provides running status indicators and alarm indicators on each board, assisting the

administrator in locating and handling faults promptly.

Dynamically monitors the equipment operation and alarm status of all stations on the

NMS.

As for the 15-minute monitoring period, the equipment can store sixteen 15-minute

history performance, that is, four hours of 15-minute history performance.

As for the 24-hour monitoring period, the equipment can store six 24-hour history

performance, that is, six days of 24-hour history performance.

Fault Locating The PDH processing boards support the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) test

function, which can be used to remotely test bit errors.

Supports data test frames to locate the faults of Ethernet services.

Provides the press-to-collect function for collecting fault data, which shortens the data

collection time before the service recovery. Users can collect fault data selectively, and

can stop a collection process manually.

Supports the loopback configuration on the port during the power-on process of the

equipment, which meets the test requirement of one-time visit to the site.

The service boards support inloop and outloop on ports.

OAM

The equipment provides the Ethernet OAM function which complies with IEEE 802.1ag and

IEEE 802.3ah.

Maintenance Provides automatic shutdown function of the SDH single-mode optical port.

Provides the orderwire function for management personnel at different stations to

communicate with each other.

Supports the in-service upgrading and loading of the board software and NE software.

The equipment also supports the remote loading of the board software and FPGA with

the error-loading-proof and resumable loading functions.


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39

Provides the network time protocol (NTP) function to achieve synchronization among

NEs.

The NMS supports the fiber auto-discovery function.

The NMS can display the port impedance.

Supports automatic synchronization of NE IDs and IP addresses for remote maintenance

of equipment.

Supports package loading and package diffusion.

5.4 Power and Environment Monitoring

The OptiX OSN 550 supports the power and environment monitoring function.

The OptiX OSN 550 provides the -48 V/-60 V DC power port, and can detect the input

voltage and the voltage status (severe undervoltage, undervoltage, overvoltage, or severe

overvoltage).

The OptiX OSN 550 provides 110 V/220 V AC power ports and supports protection functions

in the cases of input overvoltage, input undervoltage, output overvoltage, output over-current,

output short-circuit, and over-temperature.

The OptiX OSN 550 provides the alarm input and output functions. The alarm input

function can remotely monitor the environment of customers, and the alarm output function

can implement centralized monitoring over all equipment alarms.

5.5 NE Upgrades

The NE software of the OptiX OSN 550 can be upgraded by using package loading or

package diffusion.

Table 5-2 lists the upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 5-2 Upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550

Upgrade Method

Definition Application Scenario

Characteristic Applicable Version

Package

loading

With a software

package

description file,

the software

package functions

as a logical

package of the

required software.

This logical

package can be

uploaded to

upgrade the entire

NE.

One NE needs to

be upgraded.

The system

control board and

other boards must

support package

loading.

There is a CF card

on the system

control board.

All the boards

on an NE can

be upgraded on

a unified GUI.

There is no

need to care

about which

board to

upgrade or

which files to

update.

Supported

by version

V100R003C

00 and later.


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40

Upgrade Method

Definition Application Scenario

Characteristic Applicable Version

Package

diffusion

With a software

package

description file,

the software

package functions

as a logical

package of the

required software.

The logical

package is diffused

and almost

synchronously

loaded to all NEs

on a network. This

upgrade method is

more efficient.

More than one NE

needs to be

upgraded.

The system

control board and

other boards must

support package

loading.

There is a CF card

on the system

control board.

All the boards

on an NE can

be upgraded on

a unified GUI.

There is no

need to care

about which

board to

upgrade or

which files to

update.

The software

package is

diffused level

by level.

Network load

and network

bandwidth are

both shared.

Supported

by version

V100R003C

00 and later.

5.6 License Control

Licenses grant customers permission to use an equipment version or a function/feature. The

OptiX OSN 550 supports a version-specific license.

Table 5-3 lists the information about the version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 550

supports.

Table 5-3 Information about the version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 550 supports

Function Application Scenario

The product of this version

is released with a license;

that is, customers can obtain

corresponding permission

committed by the supplier

based on the license

certificate.

At the deployment phase, you can configure or use the

new functions/features of this version only after the

license file of this version is loaded.

At the maintenance phase, renew the version license after

it expires.

NOTE

A license's status information can be queried on the NMS.


Transmission System

Product Description 6 Technical Specifications



41

6 Technical Specifications

6.1 General Specifications

This section describes the chassis dimensions, weight, power consumption, heat consumption,

power supply performance, electromagnetic compatibility, and reliability.

Table 6-1 lists the general specifications of the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 6-1 General specifications of the OptiX OSN 550

Item Description

Dimensions (H

x W x D)

88 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm

Weight 10 kg

Power

consumption

Maximum power consumption: 154 W

Typical power consumption: 67 W

The typical configuration is 2 x CXL + 1 x SL1Q + 2 x SP3D + FAN + 2

x PIU

, as shown in Figure 6-1.

Heat

consumption

Maximum heat consumption: 526 BTU/h

Typical heat consumption: 229 BTU/h

Power supply

performance

DC power supply

− Rated voltage: -48 V or -60 V

− Voltage range: -38.4 V to -57.6 V or -48 V to -72 V

AC power supply:

− Rated voltage: 110 V or 220 V

− Voltage range: 100 V to 240 V

Electromagneti

c compatibility

Complies with EMC Class A.


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42

Item Description

Reliability System availability: 0.9999986

Average annual repair rate: less than 1.5%

Mean time to repair (MTTR): 1 hour

Mean time between failures (MTBF): 81.99 years

Figure 6-1 Typical configuration of the OptiX OSN 550

SLOT

9

(PIU)

SLOT 7 (CST/CSH)

SLOT 1 (EXT )

SLOT 5 (EXT)

SLOT 3 (EXT)

SLOT 2 (EXT )

SLOT 4 (EXT)

SLOT 6 (EXT)

SLOT 8 (CST/CSH)SLOT

10

(PIU)SLOT

11

(FAN)SLOT92

(PIU)

SLOT 7 (CXL)

SLOT 1 (SP3D)

SLOT 3 (SP3D)

SLOT 2 (SL1Q)

SLOT 8 (CXL)SLOT91

(PIU) SLOT93

(FAN)

6.2 Power Consumption and Weight of Each Board

Weight and power consumption are principal hardware specifications of a board.

Table 6-2 lists the power consumption and weight of the boards on the OptiX OSN 550.

Table 6-2 Power consumption and weight of the boards on the OptiX OSN 550

Board Power Consumption (W) Weight (kg)

CXL 21.0 0.50

AUX 2.2 0.30

SL1D 3.5 0.30

SL1Q 4.5 0.30

SL4D 3.7 0.30

SP3D 11.9 0.85

PL3T 4.5 0.30

EGT1 8.3 0.60

EFS8 13.0 0.65

PIU 0.5 0.12

APIU Room temperature (25°C):

20.0

High temperature (55°C):

30.0

1.93


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43

Board Power Consumption (W) Weight (kg)

FAN Room temperature (25°C):

4.1

High temperature (55°C):

29.6

0.30

6.3 Optical Port Specifications

This section describes the specifications of STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 optical ports.

To provide effective precautions, the lower threshold of the input optical power of the board is set to be

more than the receiver sensitivity and the higher threshold of the input optical power of the board is set

to be less than the overload optical power.

Specifications of the STM-1 Optical Port

Table 6-3 lists the specifications of STM-1 optical port.

Table 6-3 Specifications of STM-1 optical port

Item Value

Nominal bit rate 155520 kbit/s

Optical port type S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2

Operating wavelength range (nm) 1261 to 1360 1280 to 1335 1480 to

1580

Optical fiber type Single-mode LC Single-mode LC Single-m

ode LC

Launched optical power range

(dBm)

-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -28 -34 -34

Minimum overload (dBm) -8 -3 0

Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10

NOTE

Format of optical port type is defined as follows: transmission distance-signal rate.fiber type

Explanation for optical port type "S-1.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first digit "1"

represents STM-1 signals; the second digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).

Explanation for optical port type "L-1.1" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first digit "1"





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44


Table 6-4 lists the specifications of STM-4 optical port.

Table 6-4 Specifications of STM-4 optical port

Item Value



Operating wavelength range (nm) 1293 to

1334/1274 to

1356

1300 to 1325/1296 to

1300

1480 to

1580

Optical fiber type Single-mode

LC

Single-mode LC Single-mo

de LC


(dBm)

-15 to -8 -3 to +2 -3 to +2


Minimum overload (dBm) -8 -8 -8

Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10

NOTE


Explanation for optical port type "S-4.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first digit "4"







Table 6-5 lists the specifications of the STM-16 optical port.

Table 6-5 Specifications of the STM-16 optical port

Item Value



Transmission distance (km) 2 to 15 20 to 40 50 to 80

Operating wavelength range (nm) 1274 to 1356 1280 to 1335 1500 to

1580

Optical fiber type Single-mode

LC

Single-mode LC Single-mo

de LC


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45

Item Value


(dBm)

-5 to 0 -2 to +3 -2 to +3


Minimum overload (dBm) 0 -9 -9

Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 8.2 8.2

NOTE


Explanation for optical port type "S-16.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first two digits

"16" represent STM-16 signals; the third digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).

Explanation for optical port type "L-16.1" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first two digits


Explanation for optical port type "L-16.2" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first two digits


Specifications of the GE Optical Port

The GE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550 comply with IEEE 802.3. Table 6-6 lists the main

specifications.

Table 6-6 Specifications of the GE optical port

Item Value

Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 1000

Optical port type 1000BASE-LX

Optical fiber type Single-mode LC

Transmission distance (km) 10

Operating wavelength (nm) 1270 to 1355

Mean launched power (dBm) -9 to -3

Receiver minimum sensitivity (dBm) -20

Minimum overload (dBm) -3

Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 9

6.4 Electrical Port Specifications

This section describes the specifications of PDH electrical ports and Ethernet electrical ports.


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46

Specifications of the PDH Electrical Port

Table 6-7 lists the specifications of the PDH electrical port.

Table 6-7 Specifications of the E1/T1 electrical port

Item Value

SP3DA SP3DB

Rate 1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s

Access capacity 42xT1 42xE1 42xE1

Code pattern B8ZS, AMI HDB3 HDB3

Connector Anea96 Anea96 Anea96

Port impedance 100 ohms 120 ohms 75 ohms

Signal bit rate at the

output port

Complies with ITU-T G.703. Complies with

ITU-T G.703.

Permitted frequency

deviation at the input

port

Allowed attenuation

at the input port

Input jitter tolerance Complies with

ITU-T G.824.

Complies with

ITU-T G.823.

Complies with

ITU-T G.823.

Table 6-8 lists the specifications of the E3/T3 electrical port.

Table 6-8 Specifications of the E3/T3 electrical port

Item Value

Rate 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s

Access capacity 3xE3/T3

Code pattern HDB3 B3ZS

Connector SMB SMB

Port impedance 75 ohms 75 ohms

Signal bit rate at the output port Complies with ITU-T G.703.

Permitted frequency deviation at the input

port

Allowed attenuation at the input port

Input jitter tolerance Complies with

ITU-T G.823.

Complies with ITU-T

G.824.


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47

Specifications of the Ethernet Electrical Port

Table 6-9 lists the specifications of the Ethernet electrical port.

Table 6-9 Specifications of the Ethernet electrical port

Item Value

Port type 100BASE-TX

Rate 100 Mbit/s

Code pattern MLT-3 coding signal

Connector RJ45

Standard for the

port

Complies with IEEE 802.3u.

6.5 Clock Port Specifications

This section describes the specifications of clock ports. The clock ports and synchronization

performance of the OptiX OSN 550 comply with ITU-T Recommendations.

Clock Port Types

The OptiX OSN 550 supports external clock input and output ports. Table 6-10 lists the clock

ports and their characteristics.

Table 6-10 Clock ports and their characteristics

Clock Type Characteristic

External

synchronous

source

Two 120-ohm 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703) inputs

Synchronous

output

Two 120-ohm 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703) outputs

Timing and Synchronization Performance

The timing and synchronization performance of the OptiX OSN 550 comply with ITU-T

G.813. Table 6-11 lists the timing and synchronization performance.


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48

Table 6-11 Timing and synchronization performance of the OptiX OSN 550

Output Jitter Output Frequency of the Internal Oscillator in Free-Run Mode

Long-Term Phase Variation (in Locked Mode)

Complies with

ITU-T G.813.

Complies with ITU-T G.813. Complies with ITU-T G.813.

6.6 EMC Specifications

The OptiX OSN 550 is designed in compliance with ETS 300 386 and ETS 300 127 standards

stipulated by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The equipment

has also passed the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests.

Table 6-12 EMC standards

EMC Standard Description

IEC 61000-4-2

EN 61000-4-2

Electromagnetic compatibility-Part4-2: Testing and

measurement techniques-Electrostatic discharge immunity test

IEC 61000-4-3

EN 61000-4-3

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-3: Testing and

measurement techniques-Radiated, radio-frequency,

electromagnetic field immunity test

IEC 61000-4-4

EN 61000-4-4


measurement techniques-Electrical fast transient/burst

immunity test

IEC 61000-4-5

EN 61000-4-5


measurement techniques-Surge immunity test

IEC 61000-4-6

EN 61000-4-6


measurement techniques-Immunity to conducted disturbances,

induced by radio-frequency fields

IEC 61000-4-29

EN 61000-4-29


measurement techniques-Voltage dips, shot interruptions and

voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests

CISPR 22/EN 55022 Information technology equipment-Radio disturbance

characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement

CISPR 24/EN 55024 Information technology equipment-immunity

characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement

ETSI EN 300386 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters

(ERM); Telecommunication network equipment; Electro

Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements


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49

EMC Standard Description

ETSI EN 201468 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters

(ERM); Additional Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC)

telecommunications equipment for enhanced availability of

service in specific applications

ETSI EN 300132-2 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications

equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct current (dc)

6.7 Safety Certification

The OptiX OSN 550 has passed many safety certifications.

Table 6-13 lists the safety certifications that the OptiX OSN 550 has passed.

Table 6-13 Safety certifications for the OptiX OSN 550

Item Standard

Electromagnetic

compatibility (EMC)

CISPR22 Class A

CISPR24

EN55022 Class A

EN50024

ETSI EN 300 386 Class A

GB9254 Class A

Safety IEC 60950-1

EN 60950-1

GB4943

Laser safety IEC60825-1

IEC60825-2

Health ICNIRP Guideline

1999-519-EC

EN 50385

OET Bulletin 65

IEEE Std C95.1

Environment protection RoHS

6.8 Environmental Requirement

The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for storage, transportation and operation.


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50

6.8.1 Storage Environment

The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for storage.

6.8.2 Transportation Environment

The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for transportation.

6.8.3 Operation Environment

The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for operation.

6.8.1 Storage Environment

The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for storage.

Climate

Table 6-14 lists the climate requirements for the storage environment.

Table 6-14 Climate requirements for the storage environment

Item Range

Altitude ≤ 4000 m

Atmospheric pressure 70-106 kPa

Temperature -40°C to +70°C

Temperature change rate ≤ 1°C/min

Relative humidity 5% to 100%

Solar radiation ≤ 1120 W/s2

Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/s2

Wind speed ≤ 30 m/s

Waterproofing Requirement

Requirements for storing equipment on site: Generally, the equipment must be stored indoors.

No water should remain on the floor or leak into the equipment crate. The equipment should

be placed away from areas where water leakage is possible (for example, do not place near

automatic fire-fighting extinguishing and heating systems.

Ensure all the following four conditions if the equipment is stored outdoors:

The crate is intact.

Proper rain-proofing measures are taken to prevent water from entering the crate.

No water is on the ground where the crate is placed and water is not seeped into the

crate.

The carton is not exposed to direct sunlight.


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51

Biological Environment Avoid multiplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete).

Keep rodents such as mice away.

Air Cleanliness The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or

corrosive dust.

Table 6-15 lists the density requirements for mechanically active substances during

storage.

Table 6-15 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during storage

Mechanically Active Substance Content

Suspended dust ≤ 5.00 mg/m3

Perceptible dust ≤ 20.0 mg/m2

Sand particles ≤ 300 mg/m3

Table 6-16 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances.

Table 6-16 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage

Chemically Active Substance Content

SO2 ≤ 0.30 mg/m3

H2S ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

NO2 ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

CL2 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HCL ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.01 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.05 mg/m3

Mechanical Stress

Table 6-17 lists the limitations for mechanical stress during storage.


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52

Table 6-17 Limitations for mechanical stress during storage

Item Sub-Item Range

Sinusoidal vibration Displacement 1.5mm

Acceleration 5 m/s2

Frequency range 2 minutes to 12

minutes

9 minutes to 12

minutes

Static load Static pressure Static pressure = Product weight x

(Maximum number of stacked layers that is

specified on the product package - 1) x 5 x

9.8 (N)

NOTE

Static load is the pressure from the upside that the packaged equipment can tolerate when equipment is

stacked in the specified manner.

6.8.2 Transportation Environment

The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for transportation.

Climate

Table 6-18 lists the climate requirements for the transportation environment.

Table 6-18 Climate requirements for the transportation environment

Item Range

Altitude ≤ 4000 m


Temperature -40°C to +70°C

Temperature change rate ≤ 1°C/min

Relative Humidity 5% to 100%




Waterproofing Requirement

Ensure the following conditions are met when transporting the equipment:

The crate is intact.


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53

Proper rain-proofing measures are taken on the vehicle to prevent water from entering

the crate.

No water is present in the vehicle.




corrosive dust.


storage.

Table 6-19 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during transportation


Suspended dust No requirement

Perceptible dust ≤ 3.0 mg/m2



Table 6-20 Density limitations for chemically active substances


SO2 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

H2S ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

NOx ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 3.00 mg/m3

CL2 -

HCL ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.03 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

Mechanical Stress

Table 6-21 lists the mechanical stress requirements for transportation environment.


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54

Table 6-21 Mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment

Item Sub-Item Range

Random vibration Acceleration

spectral density

1 m2/s

3 -3 dBA

Frequency range 5-20 Hz 20-200 Hz

Impact Response spectrum I

(weight of sample >

50 kg)

100 m/s2, 11 ms, 100 times for each panel

Response spectrum

II (weight of sample

≤ 50 kg)

180 m/s2, 6 ms, 100 times for each panel

Drop Weight (kg) Height (m)

< 10 1.0

< 15 1.0

< 20 0.8

< 30 0.6

< 40 0.5

< 50 0.4

< 100 0.3

> 100 0.1

Static load Static pressure Static pressure = Product weight x

(Maximum number of stacked layers that is

specified on the product package - 1) x 5 x

9.8 (N)

NOTE

Impact response spectrum: maximum acceleration response curve that the equipment generates when

struck with the stipulated impact.

Static load is the pressure from the upside that the packaged equipment can tolerate when equipment is

stacked in the specified manner.

6.8.3 Operation Environment

The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for operation.

Climate

Table 6-22 and Table 6-23 list the climate requirements for operation of the OptiX OSN 550.


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55

Table 6-22 Requirements for temperature and humidity

Working Temperature Relative Humidity

-5°C to 55°C 5% to 95%

NOTE

The temperature and humidity values are tested at 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the

equipment.

Table 6-23 Other climate requirements

Item Range

Altitude ≤ 4000 m


Temperature change rate ≤30°C/h







corrosive dust.


storage.

Table 6-24 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation


Dust particle ≤3x105/m

3

Suspended dust ≤ 0.2 mg/m3

Perceptible dust ≤ 1.5 mg/m2h




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56

Table 6-25 Density limitations for chemically active substances


SO2 ≤ 0.30 mg/m3

H2S ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

CL2 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HCL ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.01 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.05 mg/m3

NOx ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

Mechanical Stress

Table 6-26 lists the limitations for mechanical stress during operation.

Table 6-26 Limitations for mechanical stress during operation

Item Sub-Item Range

Sinusoidal vibration Velocity ≤ 5 mm/s -

Acceleration - ≤ 2 m/s2

Frequency range 5-20 Hz 20-200 Hz

Non-steady impact Impact response

spectrum

Half-sine wave, 30 m/s2, 11 ms, three times

for each panel

NOTE

Impact response spectrum: maximum acceleration response curve that the equipment generates when

struck with the stipulated impact.


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Product Description 7 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection



57

7 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection

7.1 Energy Saving

The OptiX OSN 550 supports static energy saving and dynamic energy saving.

Static Energy Saving

Regarding static energy saving, the OptiX OSN 550 takes the following measures:

Using an easy scheme for board design

Using highly efficient power modules

Replacing the linear power supplies with switching power supplies

Using the standard digital voltage.

Dynamic Energy Saving

Energy saving (power down) design for boards:

Idle buses are powered down. That is, the buses that are not configured with services and

the buses of the vacant slots are in power down state.

Idle optical ports are powered down. That is, idle optical ports of the line boards or data

boards are in power down state.

The rotating speed of fans is controlled intelligently.

7.2 Environmental Protection

The OptiX OSN 550 meets the requirements of sustainable development. All the components

and packing units are designed in compliance with the associated standards for recycling.

The OptiX OSN 550 not only provides necessary packing materials, but also guarantees

that the size of the package containing the equipment and accessories is at most three

times the size of the net equipment.


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Product Description 7 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection



58

The product is also designed for easy unpacking. For details about how to unpack the

equipment, see the associated manual. In addition, all hazardous substances contained in

packaging decompose easily.

Every plastic component that weighs over 25 g is labeled according to the standards of

ISO 11469 and ISO 1043-1 to ISO 1043-4. All components and packages of the

equipment are provided with standard labels for recycling.

Plugs and connectors are easy to find, and the associated operations can be performed by

using simple tools.

All the attached materials, such as labels, are easy to remove. Certain identification

information, such as silkscreens, is printed on the front panel or subrack.


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Product Description 8 Standard Compliance



59

8 Standard Compliance

This topic describes the standards that the OptiX OSN 550 complies with.

ITU-T Recommendations

Table 8-1 ITU-T recommendations

ITU-T Recommendation

Description

G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber cable.

G.655 Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical

fiber and cable.

G.661 Definition and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of

optical fiber amplifiers.

G.662 Generic characteristics of optical fiber amplifier devices and

sub-systems.

G.663 Application related aspects of optical fiber amplifier devices and

sub-systems.

G.671 Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems.

G.692 Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers.

G.702 Digital hierarchy bit rates.

G.703 Physical/electrical characteristic of hierarchical digital interfaces.

G.704 Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and

44736kbit/s hierarchical levels.

G.7041 Generic framing procedure (GFP).

G.7042 Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS).

G.707 Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy

(SDH).

G.709 Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network (OTN).


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60

ITU-T Recommendation

Description

G.774 1-5 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) management information

model for the network element view.

G.775 Loss of signal (LOS) and alarm indication signal (AIS) defect

detection and clearance criteria.

G.783 Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment

functional blocks.

G.784 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) management.

G.803 Architectures of transport networks based on the Synchronous

Digital Hierarchy (SDH).

G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks.

G.812 Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks

in synchronization networks.

G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC).

G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are

based on the 2048kbit/s hierarchy.

G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are

based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH).

G.826 Error performance parameters and objectives for international,

constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate.

G.831 Management capabilities of transport networks based on the

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH).

G.841 Types and characteristics of SDH network protection architectures.

G.842 Cooperation of the SDH network protection structures.

G.957 Optical interfaces of equipments and systems relating to the

synchronous digital hierarchy.

G.958 Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for

use on optical fiber cables.

M.3010 Principles for a telecommunication management network.

X.86/Y.1323 Ethernet over LAPS

IEEE Standards

Table 8-2 IEEE standards

IEEE Standard Description

IEEE 802.17 Resilient packet ring access method and physical layer specifications


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61

IEEE Standard Description

IEEE 802.1ad Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks — Amendment 4: Provider

Bridges

IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management

IEEE 802.1d Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges

IEEE 802.1q Virtual bridged local area networks

IEEE 802.3 Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)

access method and physical layer specification

IEEE 802.3ad Aggregation of multiple link segments

IEEE 802.3ah Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)

access method and physical layer specification

Amendment: media access control parameters, physical layers, and

management parameters for subscriber access networks

IEEE 802.3u Media access control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, medium

attachment units, and repeater for 100 Mb/s operation, type

100Base-T

IEEE 802.3x Standards for local and metropolitan area networks: specification for

802.3 full duplex operation

IEEE 802.3z Media access control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, repeater

and management parameters for 1000 Mb/s operation

IETF Standards

Table 8-3 IETF standards

IETF Standard Description

RFC 2615 (1999) PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) over SONET/SDH

RFC 1662 (1994) PPP in HDLC-like Framing

RFC 1661 (1994) The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

RFC 1990 The PPP Multilink Protocol (MP)

RFC2819 (2000) Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base


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Environmental Standards

Table 8-4 Environmental standards

Environmental Standard

Description

IEC 60068-2 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures

IEC 60068-3-3 Environmental testing - Part 3: Background information - Subpart 3:

Guidance. Seismic test methods for equipments

IEC 60721-2-6 Environmental conditions appearing in nature - Earthquake

vibration

IEC 60721-3-1 Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of

groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 1:

Storage

IEC 60721-3-3 Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of

groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3:

Stationary use at weatherprotected locations

ETS 300 019-1-1 Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and

environmental tests for telecommunications equipment

Part 1-1: Classification of environmental conditions; Storage


environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-2:

Classification of environmental conditions; Transportation


environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3:

Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at

weatherprotected locations

NEBS

GR-63-CORE

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements:

Physical Protection

Safety Standards

Table 8-5 Safety standards

Safety Standard Description

EN 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment

IEC 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment

IEC 60825-1 Safety of laser equipment

IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser equipment - requirement of OFCS


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63

Protection Standards

Table 8-6 Protection standards

Protection Standard Description

IEC 61024-1 Protection of structures against lightning

IEC 61312-1 Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse part I:

general principles

IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)- Part 4: Testing and

measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity test

ITU-T K.11 Principles of protection against overvoltage and overcurrents

ITU-T K.20 Resistibility of telecommunication switching equipment to

overvoltages and overcurrents

ITU-T K.27 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a

telecommunication building

ITU-T K.41 Resistibility of internal interfaces of telecommunication

centers to surge overvoltages


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64

A Glossary and Acronyms

A.1 Numerics

1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working

SNC/trail, one protection SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the

source end, the normal traffic signal is permanently bridged to both

the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the normal

traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to

the permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra

unprotected traffic signal to be provided.

100BASE-T IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD

local area network.

100BASE-TX IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD

local area network over two pairs of Category 5 unshielded

twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair (STP) wire.

10BASE-T An Ethernet specification that uses the twisted pair cable with the

transmission speed as 10 Mbit/s and the transmission distance as 100

meters.

1:N protection An architecture that has N normal service signals, N working

SNCs/trails, and one protection SNC/trail. It may have one extra

service signal.

1PPS Pulse per second, which, strictly speaking, is not a time

synchronization signal. This is because 1PPS provides only the

"gauge" corresponding to the UTC second, but does not provide the

information about the day, month, or year. Therefore, 1PPS is used as

the reference for frequency synchronization. On certain occasions,

1PPS can also be used on other interfaces for high precision timing.

3R Reshaping, Retiming, Regenerating.

A.2 A

ABR Available Bit Rate

AC Alternating Current


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65

ACAP A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a

horizontal polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to

transmit two signals.

Active/Standby

switching of

cross-connect

board

The process in which the standby cross-connect board automatically

takes the place of the active one. If there are two cross-connect boards

on the SDH equipment, which are in hot back-up relation of each

other, the operation reliability is improved. When both the

cross-connect boards are in position, the one inserted first is in the

working status. Unplug the active board, the standby one will run in

the working status automatically. When the active cross-connect

board fails in self-test, the board is pulled out, the board power supply

fails or the board hardware operation fails, the standby cross-connect

board can automatically take the place of the active one.

add/drop

multiplexer

Network elements that provide access to all or some subset of the

constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The

constituent signals are added to (inserted), and/or dropped from

(extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed through the ADM.

ADM See add/drop multiplexer

Administrative

Unit

The information structure which provides adaptation between the

higher order path layer and the multiplex section layer. It consists of

an information payload (the higher order VC) and a AU pointer which

indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the multiplex

section frame start.

Administrative

Unit Group

One or more administrative units occupying fixed, defined positions

in an STM payload. An AUG consists of AU-4s.

Administrator A user who has authority to access all the Management Domains of

the product. He or she has access to the whole network and to all the

management functionalities.

Aging time The time to live before an object becomes invalid.

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

Alarm A message reported when a fault is detected by a device or by the

network management system during the process of polling devices.

Each alarm corresponds to a recovery alarm. After a recovery alarm is

received, the status of the corresponding alarm changes to cleared.

Alarm automatic

report

A function wherein an alarm generated on the device side is

immediately and automatically reported to the NMS. After an alarm is

reported, an alarm panel prompts, and the user can view the details of

the alarm.

alarm cable The cable for generation of visual or audio alarms.

alarm filtering An alarm management method. Alarms are detected and reported to

the NMS system, and whether the alarm information is displayed and

saved is decided by the alarm filtering status. An alarm with the

filtering status set to "Filter" is not displayed and saved on the NMS,

but is monitored on the NE.


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66

alarm indication A function that indicates the alarm status of an NE. On the cabinet of

an NE, there are four indicators in different colors indicating the

current alarm status of the NE. When the green indicator is on, the NE

is powered on. When the red indicator is on, a critical alarm is

generated. When the orange indicator is on, a major alarm is

generated. When the yellow indicator is on, a minor alarm is

generated. The ALM alarm indicator on the front panel of a board

indicates the current status of the board.

Alarm indication

signal

A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an

upstream failure has been detected and alarmed. It is associated with

multiple transport layers.

Alarm inversion For the port that has already been configured but has no service, this

function can be used to avoid generating relevant alarm information,

thus preventing alarm interference. The alarm report condition of the

NE port is related to the alarm inverse mode (not inverse, automatic

recovery and manual recovery) setting of the NE and the alarm

inversion status (Enable and Disable) setting of the port. When the

alarm inversion mode of NE is set to no inversion, alarms of the port

will be reported as usual no matter whatever the inversion status of

the port is. When the alarm inversion mode of the NE is set to

automatic recovery, and the alarm inversion state of the port is set to

Enabled, then the alarm of the port will be suppressed. The alarm

inversion status of the port will automatically recover to "not inverse"

after the alarm ends. For the port that has already been configured but

not actually loaded with services, this function can be used to avoid

generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm

interference. When the alarm inverse mode of the NE is set as "not

automatic recovery", if the alarm inversion status of the port is set as

Enable, the alarm of the port will be reported.

Alarm Masking An alarm management method. Alarms that are set to be masked are

not displayed on the NMS or the NMS does not monitor unimportant

alarms.

Alarm Severity The significance of a change in system performance or events.

According to ITU-T recommendations, an alarm can have one of the

following severities: Critical, Major, Minor, Warning.

Alarm

suppression

An alarm management method. Alarms that are set to be suppressed

are not reported from NEs any more.

ALS See Automatic laser shutdown

APS See Automatic Protection Switching

asynchronous Pertaining to, being, or characteristic of something that is not

dependent on timing.

Asynchronous

Transfer Mode

A protocol for the transmission of a variety of digital signals using

uniform 53 byte cells. A transfer mode in which the information is

organized into cells; it is asynchronous in the sense that the

recurrence of cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate.

Statistical and deterministic values may also be used to qualify the

transfer mode.

ATM See Asynchronous Transfer Mode


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67

ATPC See Automatic Transmit Power Control

attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss, usually expressed in

decibels.

AU See Administrative Unit

AUG See Administrative Unit Group

auto-negotiation An optional function of the IEEE 802.3u Fast Ethernet standard that

enables devices to automatically exchange information over a link

about speed and duplex abilities..

Automatic laser

shutdown

A technique (procedure) to automatically shutdown the output power

of laser transmitters and optical amplifiers to avoid exposure to

hazardous levels.

Automatic

Protection

Switching

Capability of a transmission system to detect a failure on a working

facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the traffic.

Automatic

Transmit Power

Control

A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the

transmit signal detected at the receiver.

A.3 B

backplane An electronic circuit board containing circuits and sockets into which

additional electronic devices on other circuit boards or cards can be

plugged.

backup A periodic operation performed on the data stored in the database for

the purposes of database recovery in case that the database is faulty.

The backup also refers to data synchronization between active and

standby boards.

bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or

channel can carry in a network. In fact, it is the difference between

the highest and lowest frequencies the transmission line or channel.

The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.

BDI Backward Defect Indicator

BER See Bit Error Rate

BER tester Used to measure the bit error rate (BER) of signals during

transmission.

Binding strap The binding strap is 12.7 mm wide, with one hook side (made of

transparent polypropylene material) and one mat side (made of black

nylon material).


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68

BIP A method of error monitoring. With even parity an X-bit code is

generated by equipment at the transmit end over a specified portion of

the signal in such a manner that the first bit of the code provides even

parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the covered portion of

the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of

all X-bit sequences within the specified portion, and so on. Even

parity is generated by setting the BIP-X bits so that there is an even

number of 1s in each monitored partition of the signal. A monitored

partition comprises all bits which are in the same bit position within

the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered

portion includes the BIP-X.

Bit error An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and

the corresponding bit in the received digital signal.

Bit Error Rate Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index

used to measure the communications quality of a network.

BITS See Building Integrated Timing Supply

bound path A parallel path with several serial paths bundled together. It improves

the data throughput capacity.

BPDU See Bridge Protocol Data Unit

BPS Board Protection Switching

bridge A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets

among them. Bridges operate at the physical network level. Bridges

differs from repeaters because bridges store and forward complete

packets, while repeaters forward all electrical signals. Bridges differ

from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while routers

use IP addresses.

Bridge Protocol

Data Unit

The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an

extended LAN that uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology.

BPDU packets contain information on ports, addresses, priorities and

costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was intended to go.

BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a

network topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down

selected bridges interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a

backup, or blocked, state.

broadcast The process of sending packets from a source to multiple destinations.

All the ports of the nodes in the network can receive packets.

Broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The

broadcast range is determined by the broadcast address.

BSC Base Station Controller

BSS Base Station Subsystem

Build-in WDM A function which integrates some simple WDM systems into products

that belong to the OSN series. That is, the OSN products can add or

drop several wavelengths directly.


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69

Building

Integrated

Timing Supply

In the situation of multiple synchronous nodes or communication

devices, one can use a device to set up a clock system on the hinge of

telecom network to connect the synchronous network as a whole, and

provide satisfactory synchronous base signals to the building

integrated device. This device is called BITS.

BWS Backbone WDM System

A.4 C

cabling The method by which a group of insulated conductors is mechanically

assembled or twisted together.

cable trough The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.

captive nut See Floating nut

CAR See committed access rate

CAS Channel Associated Signaling

CBR See Constant Bit Rate

CBS Committed Burst Size

CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarization

CCM Continuity Check Message

CDR Clock and Data Recovery

CDVT See Cell Delay Variation Tolerance

Cell Delay

Variation

Tolerance

This parameter measures the tolerance level a network interface has

to aggressive sending (back-to-back or very closely spaced cells) by a

connected device, and does not apply to end-systems.

Centralized

alarm system

The system that gathers all the information about alarms into a certain

terminal console.

CES See circuit emulation service

CFM Connectivity Fault Management

Chain network One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after

one to be in series.

channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or at a specific

speed between two or more locations in a network. Channels can be

established through wire, radio (microwave), fiber or a combination

of the three. The amount of information transmitted per second in a

channel is the information transmission speed, expressed in bits per

second. For example, b/s, kb/s, Mb/s, Gb/s, and Tb/s.

CIR Committed Information Rate

Circuit A combination of two transmission channels permitting transmission

in both directions between two points.


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70

circuit emulation

service

A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through

ATM networks. At the transmission end, the interface module packs

timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM cells are sent to the

reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the

interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1

timeslots. The CES technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1

timeslots can be recovered to the original sequence at the reception

end.

CIST Common and Internal Spanning Tree

Class of Service CoS is a rule for queuing. It classifies the packets according to the

service type field or the tag in packets, and specifies different

priorities for them. All the nodes in DiffServ domain forwards the

packets according to their priorities.

client A device that sends requests, receives responses, and obtains services

from the server.

Clock

Synchronization

Also called frequency synchronization. The signal frequency traces

the reference frequency, but the start point does not need to be

consistent.

Clock tracing The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a

clock source in a network.

CLP Cell Loss Priority

CM See Configuration Management

committed access

rate

A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a

router interface. CAR is a configurable method by which incoming

and outgoing packets can be classified into Quality of Service (QoS)

groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate can be

defined.

Concatenation A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined

capacities can be used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps

the integrity of bit sequence.

Configuration

Data

A command file defining hardware configurations of an NE. With this

file, an NE can collaborate with other NEs in an entire network.

Configuration data is the key factor for normal running of an entire

network.

Configuration

Management

A network management function defined by the International

Standards Organization (ISO). It involves installing, reinitializing &

modifying hardware & software.

Configure To set the basic parameters of an operation object.

congestion An extra intra-network or inter-network traffic resulting in decreasing

network service efficiency.


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71

Connection point A reference point where the output of a trail termination source or a

connection is bound to the input of another connection, or where the

output of a connection is bound to the input of a trail termination sink

or another connection. The connection point is characterized by the

information which passes across it. A bidirectional connection point

is formed by the association of a contradirectional pair.

Constant Bit Rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR

transfers cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to

service connections that depend on precise clocking to ensure

undistorted transmission.

Convergence A process in which multiple channels of low-rate signals are

multiplexed into one or several channels of required signals. It refers

to the speed and capability for a group of networking devices to run a

specific routing protocol. It functions to keep the network topology

consistent.

Convergence

service

A service that provides enhancements to an underlying service in

order to meet the specific requirements of users.

corrugated tube Used to protect optical fibers.

CoS See Class of Service

CPU Central Processing Unit

CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check

current alarm An alarm not handled or not acknowledged after being handled.

Current

Performance

Data

Performance data stored currently in a register. An NE provides two

types of registers, namely, 15-minute register and 24-hour register, to

store performance parameters of a performance monitoring entity.

The two types of registers stores performance data only in the

specified monitoring period.

Cyclic

Redundancy

Check

A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC

error checking uses a complex calculation to generate a number based

on the data transmitted. The sending device performs the calculation

before transmission and includes it in the packet that it sends to the

receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation

after transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is

assumed that the transmission was error free. The procedure is known

as a redundancy check because each transmission includes not only

data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.

A.5 D

Data

Communication

Network

A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to

support the data communication function.

Digital Data

Network

A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel

(such as fiber channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite

channel) and the cross multiplex technology.

DC Direct Current


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DCC Data Communication Channel

DCD Data Carrier Detect

DCE Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

DCN See Data Communication Network

DDF See Digital Distribution Frame

DDN See Digital Data Network

Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required

function.

Delay

Measurement

The time elapsed since the start of transmission of the first bit of the

frame by a source node until the reception of the last bit of the

loopbacked frame by the same source node, when the loopback is

performed at the frame's destination node.

Demultiplexing A process applied to a composite signal formed by multiplexing, for

recovering the original independent signals, or groups of these

signals.

Device set A collection of multiple managed devices. By dividing managed

devices into different device sets, users can manage the devices by

using the U2000 in an easier way. If an operation authority over one

device set is assigned to a user (user group), the authority over all the

devices in the device set is assigned to the user (user group), thus

making it unnecessary to set the operation authority over all the

devices in a device set separately. It is recommended to configure

device set by geographical region, network level, device type, or

another criterion.

Differentiated

Services Code

Point

A marker in the header of each IP packet that prompts network

routers to apply differentiated grades of service to various packet

streams. It is specified by the DiffServ policy proposed by the IETF

(Internet Engineering Task Force). This allows Internet and other

IP-based network service providers to offer different levels of service

to customers.

DiffServ A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It

consists of a series of functional units implemented at the network

nodes, including a small group of per-hop forwarding behaviors,

packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning functions such

as metering, marking, shaping and policing.

Digital

Distribution

Frame

A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and

the exchange with transmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the

functions such as cables connection, cable patching, and test of loops

that transmitting digital signals.


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73

digital signal A signal in which information is represented by a limited number of

discrete states number of discrete states (for example, high and low

voltages) rather than by fluctuating levels in a continuous stream, as

in an analog signal. In the pulse code modulation (PCM) technology,

the 8 kHz sampling frequency is used and a byte contains 8 bits in

length. Therefore, a digital signal is also referred to as a byte-based

code stream. Digital signals, with simple structures and broad

bandwidth, are easy to shape or regenerate, and are not easily affected

by external interference.

Distributed Link

Aggregation

Group

A board-level port protection technology used to detect unidirectional

fiber cuts and to negotiate with the opposite end. Once a link down

failure occurs on a port or a hardware failure occurs on a board, the

services can automatically be switched to the slave board, achieving

1+1 protection for the inter-board ports.

DLAG See Distributed Link Aggregation Group

DM See Delay Measurement

DNI See Dual Node Interconnection

domain A logical subscriber group based on which the subscriber rights are

controlled.

DSCP See Differentiated Services Code Point

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

DSR Data Set Ready

DTE Data Terminal Equipments

DTR Data Terminal Ready

Dual Node

Interconnection

DNI provides an alternative physical interconnection point, between

the rings, in case of an interconnection failure scenario.

DVB-ASI Digital Video Broadcast- Asynchronous Serial Interface

DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

A.6 E

E-AGGR See Ethernet aggregation

Ear bracket A piece of angle plate with holes in it on a rack. It is used to fix

network elements or components.

ECC See Embedded Control Channel

EFM Ethernet in the First Mile

E-LAN A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-multipoint

EVC (Ethernet virtual connection).


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ElectroStatic

Discharge

The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two

objects at different electrical potentials caused by direct contact or

induced by an electrostatic field.

E-Line A type of Ethernet service that is based on a point-to-point EVC

(Ethernet virtual connection).

Embedded

Control Channel

A logical channel that uses a data communications channel (DCC) as

its physical layer, to enable transmission of operation, administration,

and maintenance (OAM) information between NEs.

EMS Element Management System

encapsulation A technology for layered protocols, in which a lower-level protocol

accepts a message from a higher-level protocol and places it in the

data portion of the lower-level frame. Protocol A's packets have

complete header information, and are carried by protocol B as data.

Packets that encapsulate protocol A have a B header, an A header,

followed by the information that protocol A is carrying. Note that A

could equal to B, as in IP inside IP.

Enterprise

System

Connection

A path protocol which connects the host with various control units in

a storage system. It is a serial bit stream transmission protocol. The

transmission rate is 200 Mbit/s.

Entity A part, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment, or system that

can be considered individually.

EoD See Ethernet over Dual Domains

EPL See Ethernet Private Line

EPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service

Equipment Serial

Number

A string of characters that identify a piece of equipment and ensures

correct allocation of a license file to the specified equipment. It is also

called "equipment fingerprint".

ESCON See Enterprise System Connection

ESD See ElectroStatic Discharge

ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which

connect the shelf or cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.

ESN See Equipment Serial Number

Ethernet A LAN technology that uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision

Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100

Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s or 10000 Mbit/s. An Ethernet network features

high reliability and is easy to maintain.

Ethernet

aggregation

A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-point EVC

(Ethernet virtual connection).

Ethernet Alarm

Group

The Ethernet alarm group periodically obtain the statistics value to

compare with the configured threshold. If the value exceeds the

threshold, an event is reported.


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Ethernet over

Dual Domains

A type of boards. EoD boards bridge the PSN and TDM networks,

enabling Ethernet service transmission across PSN and TDM

networks.

Ethernet Private

LAN service

A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS

networks. This service is carried over a dedicated bridge and

point-to-multipoint connections.

Ethernet Private

Line

A type of Ethernet service that is provided with dedicated bandwidth

and point-to-point connections on an SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS

server layer network.

Ethernet virtual

private LAN

service


networks. This service is carried over a shared bridge and

point-to-multipoint connections.

Ethernet virtual

private line


networks. This service is carried over a shared bridge and

point-to-point connections.

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

EVPL See Ethernet virtual private line

EVPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service

Exercise

Switching

An operation to check whether the protection switching protocol

functions properly. The protection switching is not really performed.

Exerciser - Ring This command exercises ring protection switching of the requested

channel without completing the actual bridge and switch. The

command is issued and the responses are checked, but no working

traffic is affected.

Extended ID The number of the subnet that an NE belongs to, for identifying

different network segments in a WAN. The physical ID of an NE is

comprised of the NE ID and extended ID.

extra traffic The traffic that is carried over the protection channels when that

capacity is not used for the protection of working traffic. Extra traffic

is not protected.

A.7 F

Failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with

a required function to be terminated. The item may be considered as

having failed; a fault has now been detected.

Fairness A feature in which for any link specified in a ring network, the source

node is provided with certain bandwidth capacities if the data packets

transmitted by the source node are constrained by the fairness

algorithm.

fairness

algorithm

An algorithm designed to ensure the fair sharing of bandwidth among

stations in the case of congestion or overloading.


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fault A failure to implement the function while the specified operations are

performed. A fault does not involve the failure caused by preventive

maintenance, insufficiency of external resources or intentional

settings.

FC See Fiber Channel

FD See frequency diversity

FDDI See fiber distributed data interface

FDI Forward Defect Indicator

FE Fast Ethernet

feature code Code used to select/activate a service feature (for example,

forwarding, using two or three digit codes preceded by * or 11 or #,

and which may precede subsequent digit selection).

FEC See forwarding equivalence class

FEC See Forward Error Correction

fiber patch cord A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the

ODF, and for connections between subracks or inside a subrack.

Fiber Channel A high-speed transport technology used to build storage area

networks (SANs). Fiber channel can be on the networks carrying

ATM and IP traffic. It is primarily used for transporting SCSI traffic

from servers to disk arrays. Fiber channel supports single-mode and

multi-mode fiber connections. Fiber channel signaling can run on

both twisted pair copper wires and coaxial cables. Fiber channel

provides both connection-oriented and connectionless services.

Fiber Connect A new generation connection protocol which connects the host to

various control units. It carries single byte command protocol through

the physical path of fiber channel, and provides higher rate and better

performance than ESCON.

Fiber Connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit.

It is used to couple the optical wave to the fiber when connected to

another device of the same type. A connector can either connect two

fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source (or a detector).

fiber distributed

data interface

A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute

(ANSI) for high-speed fiber-optic local area networks (LANs). FDDI

provides specifications for transmission rates of 100 megabits (100

million bits) per second on networks based on the token ring network.

fiber/cable General name of optical fiber and cable. It refers to the physical

entities that connect the transmission equipment, carry transmission

objects (user information and network management information) and

perform the transmission function in the transmission network. The

optical fiber transmits optical signal, while the cable transmits

electrical signal. The fiber/cable between NEs represents the optical

fiber connection or cable connection between NEs. The fiber/cable

between SDH NEs represents the connection relationship between

NEs. At this time, the fiber/cable is of optical fiber type.

FICON See Fiber Connect


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FIFO First In First Out

Floating nut Floating nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a

range of uses but are more commonly used in the hobby for engine

fixing (securing engine mounts to the firewall), wing fixings, and

undercarriage fixing.

Flow An aggregation of packets that have the same characteristics. On the

network management system or NE software, flow is a group of

classification rules. On boards, it is a group of packets that have the

same quality of service (QoS) operation.

FLR See Frame loss ratio

Forced switch For normal traffic signals, switches normal traffic signal to the

protection section, unless an equal or higher priority switch command

is in effect or SF condition exists on the protection section, by issuing

a forced switch request for that traffic signal.

Forward Error

Correction

A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information

to the payload at the transmit end. Based on the correction

information, the bit errors generated during transmission are corrected

at the receive end.

forwarding

equivalence class

A class-based forwarding technology that classifies the packets with

the same forwarding mode. Packets with the same FEC are processed

similarly on an MPLS network. The division of FECs is flexible, and

can be a combination of the source address, destination address,

source port, destination port, protocol type, and VPN.

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array

frame A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified

length. Frame length is represented by the sampling circle or the total

number of bytes sampled during a circle. A header comprises one or a

number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words, a header is

a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements

pre-specified by the sending and receiving parties.

Frame loss ratio A ratio, is expressed as a percentage, of the number of service frames

not delivered divided by the total number of service frames during

time interval T, where the number of service frames not delivered is

the difference between the number of service frames arriving at the

ingress ETH flow point and the number of service frames delivered at

the egress ETH flow point in a point-to-point ETH connection.

Free-run mode An operating condition of a clock, the output signal of which is

strongly influenced by the oscillating element and not controlled by

servo phase-locking techniques. In this mode the clock has never had

a network reference input, or the clock has lost external reference and

has no access to stored data, that could be acquired from a previously

connected external reference. Free-run begins when the clock output

no longer reflects the influence of a connected external reference, or

transition from it. Free-run terminates when the clock output has

achieved lock to an external reference.


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frequency

diversity

A diversity scheme in which two or more microwave frequencies

with a certain frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same

signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease

the impact of fading.

FTP File Transfer Protocol

full-duplex A full-duplex, or sometimes double-duplex system, allows

communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this

to happen simultaneously. Land-line telephone networks are

full-duplex, since they allow both callers to speak and be heard at the

same time. A good analogy for a full-duplex system would be a

two-lane road with one lane for each direction.

A.8 G

Gain The difference between the optical power from the input optical

interface of the optical amplifier and the optical power from the

output optical interface of the jumper fiber, which expressed in dB.

Gateway IP When an NE accesses a remote network management system or NE, a

router can be used to enable the TCP/IP communication. In this case,

the IP address of the router is the gateway IP. Only the gateway NE

requires the IP address. The IP address itself cannot identify the

uniqueness of an NE. The same IP addresses may exist in different

TCP/IP networks. An NE may have multiple IP addresses, for

example, one IP address of the network and one IP address of the

Ethernet port.

Gateway

Network Element

A network element that is used for communication between the NE

application layer and the NM application layer.

GE Gigabit Ethernet

Generic Framing

Procedure

A framing and encapsulation method which can be applied to any

data type. It has been standardized by ITU-T SG15.

GFP See Generic Framing Procedure

GNE See Gateway Network Element

GPS Global Positioning System

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

GTS Generic Traffic Shaping

GUI Graphic User Interface

A.9 H

half-duplex A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for

communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time

(not simultaneously). Typically, once a party begins receiving a

signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before

replying.


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79

Hardware

loopback

A connection mode in which a fiber jumper is used to connect the

input optical interface to the output optical interface of a board to

achieve signal loopback.

HDLC High level Data Link Control

HD-SDI See High Definition-Serial Digital Interface signal

HEC Header Error Control

Hierarchical

Quality of Service

A type of QoS that controls the traffic of users and performs the

scheduling according to the priority of user services. HQoS has an

advanced traffic statistics function, and the administrator can monitor

the usage of bandwidth of each service. Hence, the bandwidth can be

allocated reasonably through traffic analysis.

High

Definition-Serial

Digital Interface

signal

High definition video signal transported by serial digital interface.

History alarm The confirmed alarm that has been saved in the memory and other

external memories.

Historical

performance data

The performance data that is stored in the history register or that is

automatically reported and stored on the NMS.

HP Higher Order Path

HPT Higher Order Path Termination

HQoS See Hierarchical Quality of Service

A.10 I

IC Integrated Circuit

IDU Indoor Unit

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

IF Intermediate Frequency

IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP Snooping A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This

protocol manages and controls the multicast group by listening to and

analyzing Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) packets

between hosts and Layer 3 devices. In this manner, the spread of the

multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.

IMA See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM

IMA frame A control unit in the IMA protocol. It is a logical frame defined as M

consecutive cells, numbered 0 to M-l, transmitted on each of the N

links in an IMA group.


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80

Input jitter

tolerance

The maximum amplitude of sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter

frequency, which, when modulating the signal at an equipment input

port, results in no more than two errored seconds cumulative, where

these errored seconds are integrated over successive 30-second

measurement intervals.

Intelligent power

adjusting

A mechanism used to reduce the optical power of all the amplifiers in

an adjacent regeneration section in the upstream to a safety level if

the system detects the loss of optical signals on the link. If the fiber is

broken, the device performance degrades, or the connector is not

plugged well, the loss of optical signals may occur. With IPA,

maintenance engineers will not be hurt by the laser sent out from the

slice of broken fiber.

Interface board

area

The area for the interface boards on the subrack.

Internal cable The cables and optical fibers which are used for interconnecting

electrical interfaces and optical interfaces within the cabinet.

Internet Group

Management

Protocol

One of the TCP/IP protocols for managing the membership of

Internet Protocol multicast groups. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent

multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group

memberships.

Inverse

Multiplexing over

ATM

A technique that involves inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing

of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links grouped to form a

higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of

the link rates.

IP Internet Protocol

IP address A 32-bit (4-byte) binary digit that uniquely identifies a host

(computer) connected to the Internet for communication with other

hosts in the Internet by transferring packets. An IP address is

expressed in dotted decimal notation, consisting of decimal values of

its 4 bytes, separated by periods (,), for example, 127.0.0.1. The first

three bytes of an IP address identify the network to which the host is

connected, and the last byte identifies the host itself.

IP over DCC A technology that enables a DCC channel to carry TCP/IP protocol

packets. The IP over DCC technology provides the TCP/IP protocol

without using any extra overheads or service resources to ensure

interconnection of management channels.

IPA See Intelligent power adjusting

IS-IS Intermedia System-Intermedia System

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO International Standard Organization

ISP Internet Service Provider

IST Internal Spanning Tree

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication

Standardization


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A.11 J

Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations,

and control system instability.

jitter tolerance Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal

jitter applied on the input ATM-PON signal that causes a 1 dB optical

power penalty at the optical equipment.

A.12 L

Label A short identifier that is of fixed length and local significance. It is

used to uniquely identify the FEC to which a packet belongs. It does

not contain topology information. It is carried in the header of a

packet and does not contain topology information.

LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol

LAG See link aggregation group

LAN Local Area Network

LAPS Link Access Procedure-SDH

Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow

wavelengths. The laser light has better coherence than ordinary light.

The fiber system takes the semi-conductor laser as the light source.

Layer A concept used to allow the transport network functionality to be

described hierarchically as successive levels; each layer being solely

concerned with the generation and transfer of its characteristic

information.

layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In a LAN, a network bridge or 802.3

Ethernet switch transmits and distributes packet data based on the

MAC address. Since the MAC address is at the second layer of the

OSI model, this data forwarding method is called Layer 2 switch.

LB See Loopback

LBM Loopback Message

LBR Loopback Reply

LC Lucent Connector

LCAS See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LCT Local Craft Terminal

License A permission that the vendor provides for the user with a specific

function, capacity, and duration of a product. A license can be a file

or a serial number. Usually the license consists of encrypted codes.

The operation authority granted varies with the level of the license.


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Link In the topology view, a link is used to identify the physical or logical

connection between two topological nodes. A link is used to connect

signaling points (SPs) and signaling transfer points (STPs) and

transmit signaling messages.

Link Aggregation

Control Protocol

A method of bundling a group of physical interfaces together as a

logical interface to increase bandwidth and reliability. For related

protocols and standards, refer to IEEE 802.3ad.

link aggregation

group

An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated

together to form a link aggregation group so that a MAC client can

treat the link aggregation group as if it were a single link.

Link Capacity

Adjustment

Scheme

LCAS in the virtual concatenation source and sink adaptation

functions provides a control mechanism to hitless increase or decrease

the capacity of a link to meet the bandwidth needs of the application.

It also provides a means of removing member links that have

experienced failure. The LCAS assumes that in cases of capacity

initiation, increases or decreases, the construction or destruction of

the end-to-end path is the responsibility of the network and element

management systems.

LLC Logical Link Control

LM See Loss Measurement

Locked switching When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the

service from being switched from the working channel to the

protection channel. When the service has been switched, the function

enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to the

working channel.

LOF Loss of Frame

LOM Loss of Multiframe

Loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its

source so that the signal or message can be analyzed for errors. The

loopback can be a inloop or outloop.

LOS Loss of Signal

Loss

Measurement

Loss measurement, a method used to collect counter values applicable

for ingress and egress service frames where the counters maintain a

count of transmitted and received data frames between a pair of

MEPs.

Lower Threshold A lower performance limit which when exceeded by a performance

event counter will trigger a threshold-crossing event.

LP Lower Order Path

LPT Link State Pass Through

LSP Label Switched Path

LSR Label Switching Router

LT Link Trace


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83

A.13 M

MA See Maintenance Association

MAC Medium Access Control

Maintenance

Association

TThat portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as

possible, the connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a

full mesh of Maintenance Entities.

Maintenance

Domain

The network or the part of the network for which connectivity is

managed by connectivity fault management (CFM). The devices in a

maintenance domain are managed by a single Internet service

provider (ISP).

MAN See Metropolitan Area Network

Manual switch Switches normal traffic signal to the protection section, unless a

failure condition exists on other sections (including the protection

section) or an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect, by

issuing a manual switch request for that normal traffic signal.

Mapping A procedure by which tributaries are adapted into virtual containers at

the boundary of an SDH network.

Marking-off

template

A quadrate cardboard with four holes. It is used to mark the positions

of the installation holes for the cabinet.

MBS Maximum Burst Size

MCF Message Communication Function

MCR Minimum Cell Rate

MD See Maintenance Domain

Mean launched

power

The average power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into

the fiber by the transmitter.

MEP Maintenance End Point

Metropolitan

Area Network

A network that interconnects users with computer resources in a

geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large

LAN but smaller than the area covered by an WAN. The term is

applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger

network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide

area network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several

local area networks by bridging them with backbone lines. The latter

usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network.

MIB Management Information Base

MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point

MODEM MOdulator-DEModulator

MP Maintenance Point

MPID Maintenance Point Identification

MPLS See Multiprotocol Label Switching


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MS Multiplex Section

MSA Multiplex Section Adaptation

MSOH See Multiplex Section Overhead

MSP See Multiplex Section Protection

MST Multiplex Section Termination

MSTI Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP See Multi-service transmission platform

MSTP See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit

Multiprotocol

Label Switching

A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate

packets in different link layers, and provides connection-oriented

switching for the network layer on the basis of IP routing and control

protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of

networks, and is beneficial to routing.

Multi-service

transmission

platform

A platform based on the SDH platform, capable of accessing,

processing and transmitting TDM services, ATM services, and

Ethernet services, and providing unified management of these

services.

Multicast A process of transmitting data packets from one source to many

destinations. The destination address of the multicast packet uses

Class D address, that is, the IP address ranges from 224.0.0.0 to

239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast group

rather than a host.

Multiple

Spanning Tree

Protocol

A protocol that can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm,

the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be

trimmed as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless

cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network. The protocol that

introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning trees.

This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a

VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to

all the VLANs.

Multiplex Section

Overhead

The overhead that comprises rows 5 to 9 of the SOH of the STM-N

signal. See SOH definition.

Multiplex Section

Protection

A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a

signal between and including two multiplex section termination

(MST) functions, from a "working" to a "protection" channel.

Multiplexing A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are

adapted into a higher order path or the multiple higher order path

layer signals are adapted into a multiplex section.


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A.14 N

NE See network element

NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the network management system,

which is used to manage the telecommunication equipment. In the NE

Explorer, the user can query, manage and maintain the NE, boards,

and ports on a per-NE basis.

network element An NE contains both the hardware and the software running on it.

One NE is at least equipped with one system control and

communication(SCC) board which manages and monitors the entire

network element. The NE software runs on the SCC board.

network node

interface

The interface at a network node which is used to interconnect with

another network node.

network segment A part of an Ethernet or other network, on which all message traffic is

common to all nodes, that is, it is broadcast from one node on the

segment and received by all others.

NLP Normal Link Pulse

NMS Network Management System

NNI See network node interface

NPC Network Parameter Control

nrt-VBR Non Real-Time Variable Bit Rate

NRZ Non Return to Zero code

NSAP Network Service Access Point

NTP Network Time Protocol

A.15 O

OA See Optical Amplifier

OADM See Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

OAM Operations, Administration and Maintenance

OAM

auto-discovery

In the case of OAM auto-discovery, two interconnected ports, enabled

with the Ethernet in the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM) function,

negotiate to determine whether the mutual EFM OAM configuration

match with each other by sending and responding to the OAM

protocol data unit (OAMPDU). If the mutual EFM OAM

configuration match, the two ports enter the EFM OAM handshake

phase. In the handshake phase, the two ports regularly send the

OAMPDU to maintain the neighborhood relation.

OCP See Optical Channel Protection

ODF See Optical Distribution Frame

ODU Outdoor Unit


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OFS Out-of-frame Second

OHA Overhead Access Function

OLT Optical Line Terminal

Online Help The capability of many programs and operating systems to display

advice or instructions for using their features when so requested by

the user.

ONU Optical Network Unit

OOF Out of Frame

Optical

Add/Drop

Multiplexer

A device that can be used to add the optical signals of various

wavelengths to one channel and drop the optical signals of various

wavelengths from one channel.

Optical Amplifier Devices or subsystems in which optical signals can be amplified by

means of the stimulated emission taking place in a suitable active

medium.

Optical

attenuator

A passive device that increases the attenuation in a fiber link. It is

used to ensure that the optical power of the signals received at the

receive end is not extremely high. It is available in two types: fixed

attenuator and variable attenuator.

Optical Channel

Protection

In an optical transmission link that contains multiple wavelengths,

when a certain wavelength goes faulty, the services at the wavelength

can be protected if the optical channel protection is configured.

Optical

Connector

A component normally attached to an optical cable or a piece of

apparatus to provide frequent optical interconnection/disconnection of

optical fibers or cables.

Optical

Distribution

Frame

A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.

Optical Interface A component that connects several transmit or receive units.

Optical Time

Domain

Reflectometer

A device that sends a very short pulse of light down a fiber optic

communication system and measures the time history of the pulse

reflection to measure the fiber length, the light loss and locate the

fiber fault.

orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation

engineers or maintenance engineers of different stations.

OSI Open Systems Interconnection

OSN Optical Switch Node

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

OTDR See Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

OTU See Optical transponder unit

Optical

transponder unit

A device or subsystem that converts the accessed client signals into

the G.694.1/G.694.2-compliant WDM wavelength.


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Output optical

power

The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.

Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic

signals. Orderwire, for example, would be considered overhead

information.

A.16 P

Paired slots Two slots of which the overheads can be passed through by using the

bus on the backplane.

pass-through The action of transmitting the same information that is being received

for any given direction of transmission.

Path A performance resource object defined in the network management

system. The left end of a path is a device node whose port needs to be

specified and the right end of a path is a certain IP address which can

be configured by the user. By defining a path in the network

management system, a user can test the performance of a network

path between a device port and an IP address. The tested performance

may be the path delay, packet loss ratio or other aspects.

PBS Peak Burst Size

PC Personal Computer

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PCR Peak Cell Rate

PDH See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDU See Power distribution unit

PE See provider edge

Performance

register

The memory space for performance event counts, including 15-min

current performance register, 24-hour current performance register,

15-min historical performance register, 24-hour historical

performance register, UAT register and CSES register. The object of

performance event monitoring is the board functional module, so

every board functional module has a performance register. A

performance register is used to count the performance events taking

place within a period of operation time, so as to evaluate the quality

of operation from the angle of statistics.

performance

threshold

A limit for generating an alarm for a selected entity. When the

measurement result reaches or exceeds the preset alarm threshold, the

performance management system generates a performance alarm.

Permanent

Virtual

Connection

A connection between two ATM end hosts. The connection consists

of PVPs between the ATM end hosts and their respective switches,

and SVPs between the switches.

PGND Protection Ground


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PGND cable A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding

bar. Usually, one half of the cable is yellow, whereas the other half is

green.

PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode

PIR Peak Information Rate

plesiochronous Qualifying two time-varying phenomena, time-scales, or signals in

which corresponding significant instants occur at the same rate, any

variations in rate being constrained within specified limits. Note:

Corresponding significant instants are separated by time intervals

having durations which may vary without limit.

Plesiochronous

Digital Hierarchy

A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It

multiplexes the minimum rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s,

140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.

PLL Phase-Locked Loop

Pointer An indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual

container with respect to the frame reference of the transport entity on

which this pointer is supported.

POS Packet Over SDH

Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet,

which supplies power for the subracks in the cabinet.

Power

distribution unit

A unit that performs AC or DC power distribution.

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PRBS See Pseudo Random Binary Sequence

PRC Primary Reference Clock

Primitive In the hierarchy of signaling system No.7, when the upper layer

applies for services from the lower layer or the lower layer transmits

services to the upper layer, the data is exchanged between the user

and the service provider. The data transmitted between adjacent

layers is called primitive.

Private Line A line, such as a subscriber cable and trunk cable, which are leased by

the telecommunication carrier and are used to meet the special user

requirements.

Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled

protection.

Protection service A specific service that is part of a protection group and is labeled

protection.

Protection subnet In the NMS, the protection subnet becomes a concept of network

level other than multiplex section rings or path protection rings. The

protection sub-network involves NEs and fiber cable connections.

Protection View The user interface, of the NMS, which is used to manage protection in

the network.


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89

provider edge A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN

structure. A PE is responsible for managing VPN users, establishing

LSPs between PEs, and exchanging routing information between sites

of the same VPN. A PE performs the mapping and forwarding of

packets between the private network and the public channel. A PE

can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.

PS Packet Switched

PSD Power Spectral Density

Pseudo Random

Binary Sequence

A sequence that is random in a sense that the value of an element is

independent of the values of any of the other elements, similar to real

random sequences.

Pseudo Wire An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames.

The PW is established and maintained by PEs through signaling

protocols. The status information of a PW is maintained by the two

end PEs of a PW.

Pseudo Sire

Emulation

edge-to-edge

An end-to-end Layer 2 transmission technology. It emulates the

essential attributes of a telecommunication service such as ATM, FR

or Ethernet in a packet switched network (PSN). PWE3 also emulates

the essential attributes of low speed time division multiplexing

(TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the

real situation.

PVC See Permanent Virtual Connection

PW See Pseudo Wire

PWE3 See Pseudo Sire Emulation edge-to-edge

A.17 Q

QinQ A layer 2 tunnel protocol based on IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation. It add

a public VLAN tag to a frame with a private VLAN tag to allow the

frame with double VLAN tags to be transmitted over the service

provider’s backbone network based on the public VLAN tag. This

provides a layer 2 VPN tunnel for customers and enables transparent

transmission of packets over private VLANs.

QoS See Quality of Service

Quality of Service A commonly-used performance indicator of a telecommunication

system or channel. Depending on the specific system and service, it

may relate to jitter, delay, packet loss ratio, bit error ratio, and

signal-to-noise ratio. It functions to measure the quality of the

transmission system and the effectiveness of the services, as well as

the capability of a service provider to meet the demands of users.

A.18 R

Rapid Spanning

Tree Protocol

An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster

spanning tree convergence after a topology change. The RSTP

protocol is backward compatible with the STP protocol.


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90

RDI Remote Defect Indication

Receiver

Sensitivity

The minimum acceptable value of average received power at point R

to achieve a 1 x 10-12

BER (The FEC is open).

Reference clock A kind of stable and high-precision autonous clock providing

frequencies for other clocks for reference.

REG A piece of equipment or device that regenerates electrical signals.

Regeneration The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the

amplitudes, waveforms and timing of its signal elements are

constrained within specified limits.

Regenerator

section overhead

The regenerator section overhead comprises rows 1 to 3 of the SOH

of the STM-N signal.

Remote optical

pumping

amplifier

A remote optical amplifier subsystem designed for applications where

power supply and monitoring systems are unavailable. The ROPA

subsystem is a power compensation solution to the ultra-long distance

long hop (LHP) transmission.

Resilient Packet

Ring

A network topology being developed as a new standard for fiber optic

rings.

RF Radio Frequency

RFA Request For Announcement

RFI Request for Information

ring network A type of network topology in which each node connects to exactly

two other nodes, forming a circular pathway for signals.

RNC Radio Network Controller

ROPA See Remote optical pumping amplifier

route The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination.

In a TCP/IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes

can change dynamically.

router A device on the network layer that selects routes in the network. The

router selects the optimal route according to the destination address of

the received packet through a network and forwards the packet to the

next router. The last router is responsible for sending the packet to the

destination host. Can be used to connect a LAN to a LAN, a WAN to

a WAN, or a LAN to the Internet.

RP Rendezvous Point

RPR See Resilient Packet Ring

RS232 A asynchronous transfer mode that does not involve hand-shaking

signal. It can communicate with RS232 and RS422 of other stations

in point-to-point mode and the transmission is transparent. Its highest

speed is 19.2kbit/s.

RS422 The specification that defines the electrical characteristics of balanced

voltage digital interface circuits. The interface can change to RS232

via the hardware jumper and others are the same as RS232.


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91

RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RTN Radio Transmission Node

RX Receiver

A.19 S

S1 byte A byte to transmit network synchronization status information. On an

SDH network, each NE traces hop by hop to the same clock reference

source through a specific clock synchronization path, realizing

synchronization on the entire network. If a clock reference source

traced by an NE is missing, this NE will trace another clock reference

source of a lower level. To implement protection switching of clocks

in the whole network, the NE must learn about clock quality

information of the clock reference source it traces. Therefore, ITU-T

defines S1 byte to transmit network synchronization status

information. It uses the lower four bits of the multiplex section

overhead S1 byte to indicate 16 types of synchronization quality

grades. Auto protection switching of clocks in a synchronous network

can be implemented using S1 byte and a proper switching protocol.

SAN Storage Area Network

SC Square Connector

SCR Sustainable Cell Rate

SD See space diversity

SD See Signal Degrade

SD See Standard definition

SDH See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDP Serious Disturbance Period

SD-SDI See Standard definition-Serial Digital Interface signal

SEC SDH Equipment Clock

Section The portion of a SONET transmission facility, including terminating

points, between (i) a terminal network element and a regenerator or

(ii) two regenerators. A terminating point is the point after signal

regeneration at which performance monitoring is (or may be) done.

Self-healing A function of establishing a replacement connection by network

without the network management connection function. When a

connection failure occurs, the replacement connection is found by the

network elements and rerouted depending on network resources

available at that time.

Serial port

extended ECC

The ECC channel realized by means of serial port.

server A network device that provides services to network users by

managing shared resources, often used in the context of a

client-server architecture for a LAN.


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Service

protection

A measure that ensures that the services can be received at the receive

end.

SES Severely Errored Second

SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source

settings Parameters of a system or operation that can be selected by the user.

SF See Signal Fail

Signal Fail A signal indicating that associated data has failed in the sense that a

near-end defect condition (non-degrade defect) is active.

SFP See Small Form-Factor Pluggable

SHDSL Single-line High speed Digital Subscriber Line

Side Mode

Suppression

Ratio

The Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) is the ratio of the largest

peak of the total source spectrum to the second largest peak.

signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1 cable, network cable, and other

non-subscriber signal cable.

Signal Degrade SD is a signal indicating the associated data has degraded in the sense

that a degraded defect (e.g., dDEG) condition is active.

Signal Fail SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that

a near-end defect condition (not being the degraded defect) is active.

Simple Network

Management

Protocol

A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users

to view and modify the management information of a network

element. This protocol ensures the transmission of management

information between any two points. The polling mechanism is

adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents,

which can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities

of various devices on the network and report these activities to the

network console workstation. Control information about each device

is maintained by a management information block.

slide rail Angle-bars on which shelves and chassis may slide and be supported

within a cabinet or shelf.

Small

Form-Factor

Pluggable

A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.

SMSR See Side Mode Suppression Ratio

SNC SubNetwork Connection

SNCMP See Subnetwork connection multipath protection

SNCP See SubNetwork Connection Protection


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SNCP node Set the SNC node on the protection sub-network to support

sub-network connection protection that spans protection

sub-networks. The SNCP node of the ring sub-network can support

electric circuit dually feed and selectively receive a timeslot out of the

ring, thus implementing sub-network connection protection. The

SNCP node is generally set on the node on the line board with the

path protection type of the dual fed and selectively received.

SNCTP See Subnetwork Connection Tunnel Protection

SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol

SNR Signal Noise Ratio

space diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a

specific distance to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is

then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.

Currently, only receive SD is used.

Spanning Tree

Protocol

STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop. STP

applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant

paths through certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a

loop-free tree network.

SPI Synchronous Physical Interface

SSM See Synchronization Status Message

SSU Synchronization Supply Unit

Standard

definition

Standard definition defines a video format with the resolution below

720P.

Standard

definition-Serial

Digital Interface

signal

Standard definition video signal transported by serial digital interface.

Statistical

multiplexing

A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical

channels can be transmitted across a single physical channel. It

dynamically allocates bandwidth only to active input channels, to

make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices to be

connected than with other multiplexing techniques.

STM-4 SDH standard for transmission over optical fiber at 622.08 Mbit/s.

STP See Spanning Tree Protocol

Sub-network

number

A number used to differentiate network sections in a sub-network

conference. A sub-network ID consists of the first several digits (one

or two) of a user phone number. An order wire phone number consists

of the sub-network ID and the user number.

subnet A type of smaller networks that form a larger network according to a

rule, for example, according to different districts. This facilitates the

management of the large network.


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subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network

segment packets are destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern

that is stored in the client machine, server or router matches with the

IP address.

Subnetwork

connection

multipath

protection

The only difference is that SNCP is of 1+1 protection and SNCMP is

of N+1 protection. That is, several backup channels protect one active

channel in SNCMP.

SubNetwork

Connection

Protection

A function, which allows a working subnetwork connection to be

replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if the working

subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a

required level.

Subnetwork

Connection

Tunnel

Protection

SNCTP provides a VC-4 level channel protection. When the working

channel is faulty, the services of the entire VC-4 path can be switched

over to the protection channel.

Support A part used to support and fix a cabinet on the antistatic floor. It is

made of welded steel plates and is used to block up the cabinets to

facilitate floor layout and cabling. Before the whole set of equipment

is grounded, insulation plates must be installed under the supports,

and insulating coverings must be added to the expansion bolts to

achieve good insulation performance.

Suppression state An attribute set to determine whether an NE monitors the alarm.

Under suppression status, NE will not monitor the corresponding

alarm conditions and the alarm will not occur even when the alarm

conditions are met.

SVC Switching Virtual Connection

Switching

priority

A priority of a board that is defined for protection switching. When

several protected boards need to be switched, a switching priority

should be set for each board. If the switching priorities of the boards

are the same, services on the board that fails later cannot be switched.

Services on the board with higher priority can preempt the switching

resources of that with lower priority.

Switching

restoration time

It refers to the period of time between the start of detecting and the

moment when the line is switched back to the original status after

protection switching occurs in the MSP sub-network.

Synchronization

Status Message

A message that carries quality levels of timing signals on a

synchronous timing link. Nodes on an SDH network and a

synchronization network acquire upstream clock information through

this message. Then the nodes can perform proper operations on their

clocks, such as tracing, switching, or converting to holdoff, and

forward the synchronization information to downstream nodes.


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95

Synchronous

Digital Hierarchy

A transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709.

It defines the transmission features of digital signals such as frame

structure, multiplexing mode, transmission rate level, and interface

code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-ISDN. It interleaves

the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed

counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is used only for

signals. SDH is suitable for the fiber communication system with high

speed and a large capacity since it uses synchronous multiplexing and

flexible mapping structure.

Synchronous

source

A clock providing timing services to connected network elements.

This would include clocks conforming to Recommendations G.811,

G.812 and G.813.

A.20 T

Tandem

Connection

Monitor

In the SDH transport hierarchy, the TCM is located between the

AU/TU management layer and HP/LP layer. It uses the N1/N2 byte

of POH overhead to monitor the quality of the transport channels on a

transmission section (TCM section).

TCM See Tandem Connection Monitor

TCP/IP See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

Timeslot Continuously repeating interval of time or a time period in which two

devices are able to interconnect.

Time

Synchronization

Also called the moment synchronization, time synchronization means

that the synchronization of the absolute time, which requires that the

starting time of the signals keeps consistent with the UTC time.

TM Terminal Multiplexer

TMN Telecommunications Management Network

ToS See Type of Service

TPS See Tributary Protection Switch

Trail

management

function

A network level management function of the network management

system. This function enables you to configure end-to-end services,

view graphic interface and visual routes of a trail, query detailed

information of a trail, filter, search and locate a trail quickly, manage

and maintain trails in a centralized manner, manage alarms and

performance data by trail, and print a trail report.

Transceiver A transmitter and receiver housed together in a single unit and having

some circuits in common, often for portable or mobile use.

Transmission

Control

Protocol/Internet

Protocol

Common name for the suite of protocols developed to support the

construction of worldwide internetworks.


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96

transparent

transmission

A process during which the signaling protocol or data is not processed

in the content but encapsulated in the format for the processing of the

next phase.

Tray A component that can be installed in the cabinet for holding chassis

or other devices.

Tributary

loopback

A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback

to each path of the tributary board. There are three kinds of loopback

modes: no loopback, outloop, and inloop.

Tributary

Protection Switch

A function that uses a standby tributary processing board to protect N

tributary processing boards.

Tributary unit An information structure which provides adaptation between the

lower order path layer and the higher order path layer. It consists of

an information payload (the lower order VC) and a TU pointer which

indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the higher

order VC frame start.

Tributary Unit

Group

One or more Tributary Units, occupying fixed, defined positions in a

higher order VC-n payload is termed a Tributary Unit Group (TUG).

TUGs are defined in such a way that mixed capacity payloads made

up of different size Tributary Units can be constructed to increase

flexibility of the transport network.

TTL Time To Live

TU Tributary Unit

TUG See Tributary Unit Group

Tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service

traffic between PEs. In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission

channel between two entities. The tunnel ensures secure and

transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel

is an MPLS tunnel.

Type of Service A field in an IP packet (IP datagram) used for quality of service

(QoS). The TOS field has 8 bits in length, which is divided into five

subfields.

A.21 U

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

UAS Unavailable Second

UBR Unspecified Bit Rate

underfloor

cabling

The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed

underfloor.

UNI See User-to-Network Interface

Unprotected Pertaining to the transmission of the services that are not protected.

The services cannot be switched to the protection channel if the

working channel is faulty or the service is interrupted, because

protection mechanism is not configured.


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Unprotected

sub-network

A sub-network without any protection mechanism. The purpose of

such configuration is to provide the basic data of trail protection for

subsequent trail management.

Upload An operation to report some or all configuration data of an NE to the

NMS. The configuration data then covers the configuration data

stored at the NMS side.

UPM Uninterruptible Power Module

Upper threshold TThe critical value that can induce unexpected events if exceeded.

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

Upward cabling Cables or fibers connect the cabinet with other equipment from the

top of the cabinet.

User Any entity external to the network which utilizes connections through

the network for communication. A person or other entity authorized

by a subscriber to use some or all of the services subscribed to by that

subscriber.

User-to-Network

Interface

The interface between user equipment and private or public network

equipment (for example, ATM switches).

UTC Universal Time Coordinated

A.22 V

VB Virtual Bridge

VBR Variable Bit Rate

VC Virtual Concatenation

VC See Virtual Container

VCG Virtual Concatenation Group

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier

Virtual

Container

The information structure used to support path layer connections in

the SDH. It consists of information payload and path overhead (POH)

information fields organized in a block frame structure which repeats

every 125 or 500 μs.

Virtual local area

network

A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on

the same physical network segment but which share the same IP

network number. This is often associated with switched Ethernet.

Virtual Private

Network

A system configuration, where the subscriber is able to build a private

network via connections to different network switches that may

include private network capabilities.

VLAN See Virtual local area network

VP Virtual Path

VPI Virtual Path Identifier


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VPN See Virtual Private Network

A.23 W

Wait to Restore The number of minutes to wait before services are switched back to

the working line.

WAN Wide Area Network

Wander The long-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal

from their ideal position in time (where long-term implies that these

variations are of frequency less than 10 Hz).

washer A washer is a thin flat ring of metal or rubber which is placed over a

bolt before the nut is screwed on.

Wavelength

Division

Multiplexing

A technology that utilizes the characteristics of broad bandwidth and

low attenuation of single mode optical fiber, uses multiple

wavelengths as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit

simultaneously in a single fiber.

Wavelength

protection group

Data for describing the wavelength protection structure. Its function is

similar to that of the protection subnet for SDH NEs. The wavelength

path protection can work only with the correct configuration of the

wavelength protection group.

WDM See Wavelength Division Multiplexing

WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing

Winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.

Working path A path allocated to transport the normal traffic.

WRED Weighted Random Early Detection

WTR See Wait to Restore

OptiX OSN 550 V100R003C00 Product Description V1.0(20110630).PDF

Documents

chemically

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mechanically

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