Bioaccumulation – Increase conc toxins in body Build up- does not break easily Xenobiotics Biomagnification – increase conc toxin as it moves through food chain (lower to higher trophic level) Drug – penicillin Chemical found in organism which are not normally present (foreign) Not produced naturally, only by synthetic process PCB DDT Non polar xenobiotic diffuse /store in fat Can be modify/detoxify in liver and removed. Bisphenol A Food chain Bioaccumulation mercury Bioaccumulation vs Biomagnification Dioxin
7
Embed
Option B, Green Chemistry, Xenobiotics and Atom Economy
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Bioaccumulation – Increase conc toxins in body Build up- does not break easily
Xenobiotics
Biomagnification – increase conc toxin as it moves through food chain (lower to higher trophic level)
Drug – penicillin
Chemical found in organism which are not normally present (foreign) Not produced naturally, only by synthetic process
PCB DDT
Non polar xenobiotic diffuse /store in fat Can be modify/detoxify in liver and removed.
Bisphenol A
Food chain
Bioaccumulation mercury Bioaccumulation vs Biomagnification
Dioxin
Chemical found in organism which are not normally present (foreign) Not produced naturally, only by synthetic process
Xenobiotics
Drug – penicillin PCB DDT Bisphenol A
Acts as xenoestrogen
Dioxin
Xenoestrogen – chemical mimic female estrogen Hormone disrupting (endocrine disruptor) Interfere with hormonal (endocrine sys)
Endocrine system
Source BPA
Burning chlorine based sub Incinerators Production PVC chlorinated pesticides
Production capacitor/circuit board
Polycarbonate is burned BPA leached out
Source Dioxin Source PCB
polycarbonate
BPA
estrogen xenoestrogen
Chemical found in organism which are not normally present (foreign) Not produced naturally, only by synthetic process
Xenobiotics
Drug – penicillin PCB DDT Bisphenol A Dioxin
Source BPA
Burning chlorine based sub Incinerators Production PVC chlorinated pesticides
- Odorless organochloride known for insecticidal property - DDT bio accumulate bird, magnify in food chain concentrate in top predator
- Stored in body fat, DDT, resistant to metabolism - Control mosquito – malaria and typhus among civilian/ troop.
Biodegradable substance
Amelioration - Respond to xenobiotics
Approach to lessen problem/improve outlook
Host/guest – non bonding interaction Supramolecule complex – Non covalent Ionic /H2 /VDF / hydrophobic interaction
H + G → H-G
Host – trap guest
Host – cage/tube to trap guest Guest- Xenobiotic – drug/molecule/radioactive
Guest - Xenobiotic
Host guest chemistry (Supramolecule)
Click here OXO biodegradable
Breakdown by natural process
Plant based HYDRO biodegradable plastic
Petroleum based OXO biodegradable plastic
- Made from starch (starch based polymer) - Initiated by hydrolysis with water produce CO2/CH4
From oil – cobalt used as catalyst for breakdown Plastic doesnt just fragment, but consumed by bacteria after catalyst (cobalt, nickel) has reduced its molecular structure to a level which permit bacteria to break it down to CO2/H2O
1 2
3 Bioremediation
Waste management using organism to remove/neutralize pollutant from contaminated site. Microbes/bacteria to breakdown oil with enzymes