Slide 1
AN- Najah National UniversityFaculty of EngineeringElectrical
Engineering DepartmentIntroduction to Graduation Project
Optimum Performance of Tulkarim Governorate Network & Sarra
Connection Point
Prepared by:Woroud Turabi Ahmad Nasralla
Supervised by:Dr. Imad Ibrik
Contents IntroductionSarra connection point and Tulkarem
electricity network - Electrical supply- Elements of the network-
Problems in the networkAnalysis SummaryAnalysis of supply Sarra
connection point and Tulkarem from central substation The maximum
load case improvement overloaded transformersMechanical design of
the networkConclusion
1-Collect all data about Tulkarim network and Sarra connection
point including all parameters (transformers, transmission lines ,
load ).
2-Analyze the unified networks under maximum conditions using
load flow analyses.
3-analysis of Sarra connection point and Tulkarem networks after
we connecting them to Sarra electricity distribution substation
(161\33) KV.4-Improve the voltage level and the power factor in the
network.
Benefits and advantages to improving the distribution of
electrical networks:Reduction of power lossesIncreasing voltage
levelsPower factor correctionIncreasing the capability of the
distribution transformer
Introduction
Sarra Electrical Supply:
Sarra connection point is provided by Israel Electrical Company
(IEC)The voltage of the transmission line is (33 kv)The main
circuit breaker is rated at (320 A)The maximum demand reached is
equal to (20 MVA)
Tulkarim is provided by Israel Electrical Company (IEC) The
voltage of the transmission line is (22 kv)The main circuit breaker
is rated at: (350 A) for the first network (320A) for the second
networkThe max demand reached is equal to:(13 MVA) for the first
network(11.968 MVA) for the second network
Tulkarim Electrical Supply:
Elements of The Networks in SarraNumber of transformers in Sarra
connection point is equal to: 92 / (33/0.4) KV distribution
transformersThe table below shows the number of each of them and
the rated KVA:
Number of transformerTransformer rating
(KVA)116017250334002500306304150021000
Number of Transformers in tulkarem : 101 / (22/0.4) KV
distribution transformers.
Number of transformer Transformer rating
(KVA)11003160272502140049630
Elements of The Networks in Tulkarim
Problems in The Network :The P.F. (Power Factor) is less than 92
%, this causes penalties and power lossesThere is a voltage
dropThere is power lossesHigh load factor (L.F. > 1) for some
transformer (i.e., T29, T38, T55 in Tulkarim1)We analyze the
networks before and after the connection with a new main substation
161\33 kV
The maximum case The low tension voltages The actual low voltage
on each transformer is shown in the table below :
Sarra connection point # of Load Rated V (KV)PF %Terminal V
(KV)Load 20.4900.395Load 30.4900.395Load 40.4900.395Load
50.4900.395Load 60.4900.394Load 70.4900.394Load 80.4900.394Load
90.490.10.394Load 100.490.10.395Load 110.490.10.395Load
120.4900.395Load 130.4900.395Load 140.4900.396Load 150.4900.395Load
160.4900.395Load 170.4900.395Load 180.4900.395Load 190.4900.393Load
200.4900.393Load 210.4900.394Load 220.4900.394Load 230.4900.394Load
240.4900.396Load 250.4900.396Load 260.4900.396Load 270.4900.396Load
280.4900.396Load 290.4900.396Load 300.4900.396Load 310.4900.396Load
320.490.10.395Load 330.4900.395
# of loadRated V (KV)PF %Terminal V (KV)Load1339032.66Load2
0.49032.66Load30.4900.395Load40.4900.395Load50.4900.395Load60.4900.394Load70.4900.394Load80.4900.394Load90.4900.394Load100.490.10.395Load110.4900.395Load120.4900.395Load130.4900.395Load140.4900.395Load150.4900.395Load160.4900.395Load170.4900.395Load180.4900.395Load190.4900.395Load200.4900.396Load210.4900.396Load220.4900.395Load230.490.10.395Load240.4900.394Load250.4900.395Load260.4900.394Load270.4900.394Load280.4900.394Load290.4900.394Load300.490.10.385
Load310.4900.384Load320.4900.383Load330.490.10.383Load340.4900.383Load350.4900.382Load360.4900.382Load370.4900.382Load380.4900.38Load390.4900.381Load400.4900.381Load410.4900.38Load420.4900.38Load430.490.10.38Load440.4900.38Load450.490.10.377Load460.490.10.377Load470.4900.376Load480.490.10.376Load490.490.10.376Load500.4900.376Load510.4900.376Load520.490.10.375Load530.4900.388Load540.4900.386Load550.4900.387Load560.4900.387Load570.490.10.387Load580.4900.387Load590.490.10.387
Tulkarim 1 # of Load Rated V (KV)Power factor Terminal V (KV)
10.4900.396 10.4900.396 20.4900.396 1 0.4900.396 20.4900.396
20.4900.396 0.4900.396 0.4900.395.0.4900.394 0.4900.3940.4900.393
0.4900.392 0.4900.392 0.4900.391 0.4900.39 0.4900.390.4900.39
10.4900.39 0.4900.390.4900.382 0.4900.38 0.4900.381 0.4900.38
0.4900.39 0.4900.38 0.4900.380.4900.38 0.4900.385 0.4900.382
0.4900.381
0.4900.38 0.4900.382 0.4900.378 0.4900.3780.4900.380.4900.376
0.4900.378 0.4900.374 0.4900.374 0.4900.374 0.4900.374 0.4900.374
0.4900.375 0.4900.3730.4900.3720.4900.371 10.4900.371 20.4900.372
30.4900.372 0.4900.3710.4900.371 0.4900.371
60.4900.3880.4900.3920.4900.3920.4900.283 0.4900.372 0.4900.372
0.4900.372 0.4900.39
Tulkarim 2# of Load Rated V (KV)Power factor Terminal V
(KV)0.4900.394 0.4900.393 10.4900.395 0.4900.395 20.4900.393
0.4900.395 0.4900.392 0.4900.391 0.4900.392 0.4900.391 30.4900.389
0.4900.388 0.4900.389 0.4900.39 0.4900.385 0.4900.388 0.4900.389
0.4900.388 0.4900.385 0.4900.389 0.4900.382 0.4900.390.4900.385
10.4900.389 20.4900.39 0.4900.384
0.4900.385 0.4900.39 0.4900.389 0.4900.389 0.4900.388
10.4900.387 20.4900.3890.4900.39 0.4900.39 0.4900.389
0.4900.3850.4900.388 0.4900.3890.4900.388
Transformer number Rated (KVA)load (KVA)Power factorTr2madakh
al- jneed 40020090.01Tr3 amena saaed 1608090.04Tr4 khalele
40020090.01Tr5 jalal yaseen40020090.01Tr6 tayba 1 40020090.01Tr7
tayba 240020090.01Tr8 al ameria 63031590.02Tr9 eskan
almohandesen25012590.05Tr10 eskan Shinar25012590.05Tr11 bet
wazan25012590.05Tr12 hajez40020090.01Tr13 jneed40020090.01Tr14
orabee 40020090.01Tr15 alferdaws 63031590.02Tr16 khateeb
63031590.02Tr17 afonneh 63031590.02Tr18 seha40020090.01Tr19 jaber
40020090.01Tr20 msjed al makhfeha40020090.01Tr21 kamal jnblat
63031590.02Tr22 etsalat 140020090.01Tr23 etsalat 263031590.02Tr24
reyada 63031590.02Tr25 saydleh 63031590.02Tr26
funon150075089.99Tr27 tamred 150075089.99Tr28 oloom150075089.99Tr29
hndesah150075089.99Tr30 sejen jneed 63031590.02Tr31 seefe
40020090.01Tr32 eskan shinar khalf jneed 25012590.05Tr33 al bydar
40020090.01
Value of maximum loads in table below:(before improvement)
Sarra connection point
Transformers numberRated power (KVA)load (KVA)Power factorTr3
karakon feeder63031590.02Tr4 heteen 40020090.01Tr5 yasmeen
hotel63031590.02Tr6 bab saha63031590.02Tr7 malhes 63031590.02Tr8
aqaree bank63031590.02Tr9 Jordan bank63031590.02Tr10
othmanee25012590.05Tr11 revolee 63031590.02Tr12 Palestine
bank40020090.01Tr13 abo salha 63031590.02Tr14
alkonee63031590.02Tr15 alsook alekhdar 50025089.95Tr16
alhewaree63031590.02Tr17 tokan63031590.02Tr18 shakaa
40020090.01Tr19 malhees 40020090.01Tr20 alenjeehe50025089.95Tr21
kalbone163031590.02Tr22 ksheka40020090.01Tr23 krom ashoor
25012590.05Tr24 aeen al asel40020090.01Tr25 madakhet ras eleen
63031590.02Tr26 salah deen40020090.01Tr27 Samsung 63031590.02Tr28
el basha63031590.02Tr29 omer ben el aas40020090.01Tr30 kalboneh
225012590.05
Tr31 madakhet 2425031590.02Tr32 abo raed63031590.02Tr33
blaza63012590.05Tr34 takhasosee25050090.01Tr35 sharea
24100031590.02Tr36 Kazan janobee63020090.01Tr37 jneed
janobee40020090.01Tr38 karajat el jameaa40031590.02Tr39 maktabet el
jameaa 63020090.01Tr40 jameaa nor40020090.01Tr41 eskan naqabat
40020090.01Tr42 sharea tel40031590.02Tr43 arade
shinar63012590.05Tr44 Nablus jadeeda25031590.02Tr45 Iraq boreen
163012590.05Tr46 Iraq boreen 225012590.05Tr47 tel
sharqee25020090.01Tr48 tel lehef 40012590.05Tr49 tel el
bald25012590.05Tr50 tel gharbee25020090.01Tr51 tareeq
sarra40020090.01Tr52 tel madakha40012590.05Tr53 raze25020090.01Tr54
dardok 40020090.01Tr55 joharee40020090.01Tr56
shohadaa40020090.01Tr57 qteshat25012590.05Tr58 el qaser
100050090.01Tr59 shanaa25012590.05
Tulkarim1 PowerfactorLoad (KVA)Rated (KVA)Transformers
name90436630 190346630 190208630 290544630 1 90544630 290346630
290277400 90208400 90208400.90208250 9027740090208400 90173250
90173250 90277400 90346630 9024240090277400 190312630
9024263090277630 90346630 90312630 90208250 90242400
90277400 9013925090242250 90208250 90173250 90173250 90346360
90208250 90277250 904166309013925090208400 90139250 90173250
90173250 90277630 90173250 9055.4160 90554630
905446309013963090544630 190544630 290416400 390208630
9020825090208400 90346630 69069.34009069.32509020863090312630
90277400 90277400 90277400
Tulkarim 2Power factor Load(KVA)Rated (KVA)Transformers
name901394009055.4160 90416630 190139400 90589630 290208630
90312630 90208400 90416630 9069.3250 90346630 390416630 90277630
9041.6250 90139250 9069.3250 90277630 90277630 90139250 90242630
9055.4100 9069.3400 9013925090277630 190139630 290139160
9069.3250 90242630 90346630 90346630 90242400 90554630 190346
630 29017363090173630 90346630 90173250 9041663090346630
90416630
Analysis Summary
We have to summarize the results, total generation, demand,
loading, percentage of losses, and the total power factor.
Sarra Connection Point
Tulkarim (1) Connection Point
Tulkarim (2) Connection Point
Analysis of supply Sarra connection point and Tulkarem from
central substation At this stage of our graduation project we will
Study the new condition of the two networks (Tulkarem and Sarra
connection point) after connecting them to Sarra electricity
distribution substation (161\33) KV directly without relying on
Israeli national electricity company. Then we will improve the
voltage level and decrease the real power losses and increase the
reliability of the networks.
After the analysis of Sarra connection point and Tulkarem
networks after we connecting them to Sarra electricity distribution
substation (161\33) KV also many problems in the network appears as
we mentioned before
Analysis Summary
We have to summarize the results, total generation, demand,
loading, percentage of losses, and the total power factor.
Sarra Connection Point
Tulkarim (1) Connection Point
Tulkarim (2) Connection Point
The problems of the two networks after connection with Sarra
main substation
1. The P.F in the network is less than 92% and this value causes
many problems specially paying banalities and this value must be
(0.92-0.95)
2. The voltages of buses are not acceptable and this voltage
will be less when it reaches the consumer
3. The network have over loaded transformer .
4. High losses of power .
The maximum load case improvement
The methods we used to do that are:
Tab changing in the transformers.Adding capacitors to produce
reactive power.Changing transformer.
Improvement the maximum case using taps changing and power
factor improving .The method of tab changing involves changing in
the tab ratio on the transformer but in limiting range which not
accede (5%) .The P.F need to be improved to reduce the penalties on
municipalities, reduce the current flows in the network which
reduces the losses. The power factor after the improving must be in
the range (0.92- 0.95) lag
Sarra Connection Point
Tulkarim (1) Connection Point
Tulkarim (2) Connection Point
overloaded transformersAfter the improvement of Tulkarem (1)
network in the maximum case there is some problems Where we have
the overload transformer and we will increase the capacity of the
transformer through changing them with the over size transformer .
this will need to buy new transformers.
The following table shows the transformers which are needed to
be bought:Number of transformersKVA1400
The Flowing table summarizes the analysis results after changing
transformer
Mechanical design of the networkMain Components of overhead
lines:In general, the main components of overhead lines
are:Conductors: Which carry electric power from the sending end
station to receiving end station.Supports:Which may be poles or
towers and keep the conductors at suitable level above the
ground.Insulators:Which are attached to supports and insulate the
conductors from the ground. Cross Arms: Which provide support to
the insulators.Miscellaneous Items:Such as phase plates, danger
plates, lightning arrestors, anti climbing wires .
Conductors Material:
The conductor material used for transmission and distribution of
electric power should be have the following properties:
High electrical conductivity . High tensile strength in order to
withstand mechanical stresses.Low cost so that it can be used for
long distances. Low specific gravity so that weight per unit volume
is small.
The Type of conductor that we used in this project is Steel Cord
Aluminium as shown in Figure below :
Supports :
In general, the line supports should have the following
properties: High mechanical strength to withstand the weight of
conductors and wind loads. Light in weight without the loss of
mechanical strength. Cheap in cost and economical to maintain.
Longer life. Easy accessibility of conductors for maintenance.
W e used Steel Towers Type and Steel Truss as shown in the
figures below :
Steel towerSteel truss 61182
Number of steel towers and truss which we need :
Insulators :
the insulators should have the following properties : High
mechanical strength in order to withstand conductor load, wind load
etc.High electrical resistance of insulator material in order to
avoid leakage currents to earth.High relative permittivity of
insulator material in order that dielectric strength is high.
Types of Insulators :
Pin type insulators
Suspension type insulators
Strain insulators
Number of insulators that we need in each type as shown in table
below : Types of insulator PinSuspensionStrainNumber54662366
There is some of criteria we must take it into account in
mechanical design of medium voltage :
Distances between the towers The distance between each tow
towers in the range (90 100) meter.
2. The high of tower is (12) meter in 33 (KV) voltage level.
3. Thickness of the steel material (80 90) mm, 90 mm from the
base of tower and 80 mm toward the top of tower .
4. Base of tower (2-2-2.5) m, (0.5) m above the ground and each
base need about (8) cup of concrete.
5. The distances between the insulators in the range (0.5-1)
m.
6. Number of steel truss which we can put it in series in
straight line without need to put the steel towers from 1 to 4
trusses until about 400 m distance.
Calculation of Sag
When supports are at equal levels:Consider a conductor between
two equivalent supports A and B with O as the lowest point as shown
in Fig.
Letl = Length of spanw = Weight per unit length of conductorT =
Tension in the conductor.
we get,
When supports are at unequal levels:
Fig. below shows a conductor suspended between two supports A
and B which are at different levels. The lowest point on the
conductor is O.
Letl = Span lengthh = Difference in levels between two
supportsx1 = Distance of support at lower level (i.e. A) from Ox2 =
Distance of support at higher level (i.e. B) from OT = Tension in
the conductorWe get,
Where
x1 + x2 = l , and
Effect of wind and ice loading:
The above formulae for sag are true only in still air and at
normal temperature when the conductor is acted by its weight
only.However, in actual practice, a conductor may have ice coating
and simultaneously subjected to wind pressure. As shown in Figure
below :
So , we get
Conclusion After analyzing the Sarra connection point and
Tulkarim network with anew connection point with the central
substation we found that the parameter of the network are suitable
and the system will be stable . And in our study we recommended
some measure for improving exciting network and reduction of
electrical losses.