Optimizing Rabies Control Program in Bali: An Ecohealth Approach M.D. Winda Widyastuti Present at EcoZD Annual Meeting Bangkok , 10-12 December 2011
Apr 24, 2015
Optimizing Rabies Control Program in Bali: An Ecohealth Approach
M.D. Winda Widyastuti
Present at EcoZD Annual MeetingBangkok , 10-12 December 2011
Indonesian Team Members
• Anak Agung Gde Putra
• Iwan Willyanto
• Edi Basuno
• Soelih Estoepangestie
• Arie Rukmantara
• M.D. Winda Widyastuti
• Sunandar
• Andri Jatikusumah
• Riana Aryani Arief
• Chaerul Basri
Buffalo 1884 (Esser) Dog 1889 (Penning)
Human 1894 (E. V. de Haan) until 2011 24 of 33 provinces infected
Rabies
EnvironmentDog ↔ Human
Ecology virus
Topography Habitat sharing Food source availablity
Dog Imunity Behaviour Fecundity Demography
Human Socio-Culture
Historically free (Statblaad 1926)
November 2008Bali is unique
To help government in optimizing rabies control
program in Bali
Field Studies Community Engagement
Data:Rabies Control Program
Dog Demography Dog BehaviorDog Fecundity
Data:Socio-Culture background in
relation with Dog-Human relationship
Increasing public awareness & community
participation
Objective
Animal Human Health
Socio-Culture
Education
ObjectiveObjective
Technical Decision Maker
Formal & Informal Leader
Technical Field Officials
Community/Concern CitizenSchool Teacher
Methods
Studies
Community Engagement
InterviewField ObservationFocus Group Discussion
Focus Group DiscussionPresentation
Interactive DiscussionMedias (film, song, poster, leaflet)
Training (class teaching, scenario-simulation) Monitoring – evaluation
Dog Demography Study (1)
Dog : Human Dog Sex Ratio ( M : F )
Denpasar 1 : 24 1 : 1 (Urban)Gianyar 1 : 35 3 : 1 (Sub-urban)Karangasem 1 : 14 3 : 1 (Rural)
Dog Demography Study (2)
Dog Demography Study
Dog Fecundity Study (1)
Feb
Augst
41% females giving a birth
• Average puppies / birth = 4 heads• 164 puppies = 87 Ma, 77 Fem • Puppy mortality = 18,3% (30 hds) 14 Ma, 16 Fem
+ 134 dogs
1,34 X
N0 (100 dogs)
N1 ( 234 dogs)
Dog Fecundity Study (2)
11
Dog Fecundity Study (3)
Dog Fecundity Study (4)
Dog Behaviour Study (1)
Average of Rest Activity Duration (minutes) on Adult Male and Female in Daily
Dog Behaviour Study (2)
Average of Dog-Human Contact per Hour based on Age and Sex
Dog Behavior Study (3)
Dog Behavior Study (5)
Abang Village-Rural
Dangin Puri - Urban
Dog Behavior Study (5)
Banjar Dinas(Klian Banjar) Banjar Dinas
(Klian Banjar)
Village(Kepala Desa)
Village(Kepala Desa)
Sub-DistrictSub-District
DistrictDistrict
ProvinceProvince
Majelis Madya Desa Pekraman(Chairman)
Majelis Madya Desa Pekraman(Chairman)
Majelis Desa Pekraman (Bendesa)
Majelis Desa Pekraman (Bendesa)
Banjar Adat(Klian Adat) Banjar Adat(Klian Adat)
Lingkungan / Tempekan Lingkungan / Tempekan
Majelis Utama Desa Pekraman(Chairman)
Majelis Utama Desa Pekraman(Chairman)
Social control(awig-awig, oral
agreement)Sangkep Meeting
Social-Culture Study
(1) Majelis Alit Desa Pekraman(Chairman)
Majelis Alit Desa Pekraman(Chairman)
Socio-Culture Study (2)
Keeping Dog Management
(%)
Socio-Culture Study (3)
21
Availabilty of Traditional Rule(%)
Community Engagement (1)
1. School Community Student + Teachers
2. Banjar Community
Sibetan Village
(animal + human rabies case)
Melinggih Kelod Village
(animal case + bite rabies case to human)
SCHOOL
SCHOOL
(1) School Community
•Elementary + Junior High School•2 step program - Pre-post test evalu•Classes presentation, movie, singing,
scenario, interactive discussion
≥ 40% targeted students increase their knowledge
???.... Event competition...?
Connecting to livestock & health
service office, village leader
(2) Banjar Program
Identification of Village
Characteristics
Identification of Village
CharacteristicsSosialization / Information
Transfer Proccess
Sosialization / Information
Transfer Proccess
Selection for Rabies
Cadres
Selection for Rabies
Cadres
Training for Rabies Cadres
Training for Rabies Cadres
Monitoring - Evaluation &
Program Adjusment
Monitoring - Evaluation &
Program Adjusment
•Banjar Status (Dog Registration,
Update Rabies Cases, Knowlegde Change, Behavior Change)•Cadres Activities(Sosialization, dog registration, case repport follow-up)
FGDPresentation
Movie
(FGD +Banjar Head Approach)
•Father, Mother, Youth•Head of banjar, gov officer, teacher, community
*Mother –Father-Youth Community* Topography, rural-suburban* Community behavior
*classes presentation, scenario-simulation, next plan* Rabies, pet- ownership responsibility, cadres & communication technique, dog registration program
1
2
3
4
5
Next Plan
• Continuing on-going program: Dog Fecundity Study (until Jan 2012), Dog Behavior Study (until Dec 2012), Dog Demography Study (until March 2012), Community Engagement (until August 2012)
• Result presentation to government (provincial livestock services) – advocation & legitimation
• Paper & Film Publication
Expected Outputs and Outcomes
• Report (of each study or activity to ILRI; project report to ILRI and Indonesian Gov)
• Film publication• Paper publication• Behavior changes of our boundary partners
(presented on Outcome Mapping)
Perspectives
• Dog ecology information could be used in general for Indonesia, but should be adjusted in specific area if needed
• Social cultural characteristics must be specified for each local area related with perception and community behavior on keeping dog
• Community engagement on rabies control program with an ecohealth approach could be used as model for other area in Bali specifically, but must be adjusted in other area based on specific culture and behaviour of the community
• Our project shows that zoonotic diseases could not be approached from one or two aspects alone; a holistic approach is needed to be effective and efficient
Terimakasih Thank You
Thank You