Optimizing IP Address Allocation
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Optimizing IP Address Allocation
Overview
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR )
Binary IP Addresses
Binary Subnet Masks
IP Address Allocation Using CIDR
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Limitations of Classful IP Addressing
Defining CIDR
Limitations of Classful IP Addressing
Wastes IP Addresses
Network of 2000 ComputersAssigned 65,534 IP Addresses
63,534Wasted
2000Allocated
Class B
ww xx yy zz
Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
255255 0 0255255
Adds Multiple Entries to Routing Tables
Class C
ww xx yy zz
Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID0255255 255255 255255
192.168.1.0192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0192.168.2.0
192.168.3.0192.168.3.0
192.168.4.0192.168.4.0
192.168.5.0192.168.5.0
192.168.6.0192.168.6.0
192.168.7.0192.168.7.0
192.168.8.0192.168.8.0
Portion of Internet Routing Tables192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.5.1192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1192.168.7.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.7.1192.168.8.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.8.1
Company Network IDsInternet
Defining CIDR
ww xx yy zz10.217.123.710.217.123.7
00001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111
IP Address in Dotted Decimal Notation
Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
32 Values
4 Values
IP Address in Binary Notation
Binary IP Addresses
Converting to Binary Format
Converting to Binary Format Using a Calculator
Converting to Binary Format
8 Bits
Decimal Value 255
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
128128 6464 3232 1616 88 44 22 11
Decimal Notation (Base 10)
104104 103103 102102 101101 100100
10,00010,000 1,0001,000 100100 1010 11
Example
00 22 11 77
0*1040*104 2*1032*103 1*1021*102 7*1017*101
00 200200 1010 77
217217
Binary Notation (Base 2)
2727 2626 2525 2424 2323 2222 2121 2020
Example
11 11 00 11 11 00 00 11
1*1281*128 1*641*64 0*320*32 1*161*16 1*81*8 0*40*4 0*20*2 1*11*1
128128 6464 3232 1616 88 44 22 11
128128 6464 00 1616 88 00 00 11
217217
Calculator
Edit View Help
Hex Dec Oct Bin Degrees Radians Grads
Inv Hyp Backspace CE C
Sta
Ave
Sum
s
Dat
Sta F-E
dms
sin
cos
tan
[ ]
Exp In
x^y log
x^3
x^2
nl
1/x pi
M+
MS
MR
MC 7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
0 +/- .
A B C D E F
/
*
-
+ =
Lsh
Or
Mod And
Xor
Not
Int
0.
Converting to Binary Format Using a Calculator
HexDecimalOctalBinary
DegreesRadiansGrads
Digit grouping
F5F6F7F8
F2F3F4
Scientific
Standard
Binary Subnet Masks
Subnet Mask Bits
CIDR Notation
Calculating the Network ID
Determining Local and Remote Hosts
Subnet Mask Bits
Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
111111 11 111111 11 111111 11 111111 11 111111 11 111111 11 000 0 000 0
ww xx yy zz 10 . 217 . 123 . 7 10 . 217 . 123 . 7
255 . 255 . 255 . 0 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Binary RepresentationBinary RepresentationBinary RepresentationBinary Representation Decimal RepresentationDecimal RepresentationDecimal RepresentationDecimal Representation
1111111111111111 255255
1111111011111110 254254
1111110011111100 252252
1111100011111000 248248
1111000011110000 240240
1110000011100000 224224
1100000011000000 192192
1000000010000000 128128
0000000000000000 00
CIDR Notation
IPAddress
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Mask Bits (ones)
IP Address in CIDR Notation
255 . 255 . 240 . 0255 . 255 . 240 . 0 255 . 255 . 240 . 0255 . 255 . 240 . 011111111 11111111 11110000 0000000011111111 11111111 11110000 00000000
10 . 217 . 123 . 710 . 217 . 123 . 7 10 . 217 . 123 . 710 . 217 . 123 . 700001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111
8 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 208 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 20
10.217.123.7/2010.217.123.7/2010.217.123.7/2010.217.123.7/20
Calculating the Network ID
IPAddress
Subnet Mask
NetworkID
Network ID in CIDR Notation 10.217.112.0/2010.217.112.0/2010.217.112.0/2010.217.112.0/20
255 . 255 . 240 . 0255 . 255 . 240 . 0 255 . 255 . 240 . 0255 . 255 . 240 . 011111111 11111111 11110000 0000000011111111 11111111 11110000 00000000
10 . 217 . 123 . 710 . 217 . 123 . 7 10 . 217 . 123 . 710 . 217 . 123 . 700001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111
00001010 11011001 01110000 0000000000001010 11011001 01110000 00000000
IP Address in CIDR Notation: 10.217.123.7/20
Determining Local and Remote Hosts
Local Host Example
1111 2222
RouterRouter
AA
BB
CC
DD
EE
FF
00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111 00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111
00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011 00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011
10.217.123.7/10 10.217.123.7/10
10.218.102.31/10 10.218.102.31/10
Remote Host Example
1111 2222
RouterRouter
AA
BB
CC
DD
EE
FF
00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011 00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011
10.218.102.31/2010.218.102.31/20
00001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111
10.217.123.7/ 2010.217.123.7/ 20
IP Address Allocation Using CIDR
Available Host IDs
Optimizing the Allocation of IP Addresses
Available Host IDs
Number of Host IDs : 2n - 2
Subnet Mask
N
Network IDNetwork IDNetwork IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID
1111 11 111111 11 111111 11 111111 000 0 000000 000 0
Optimizing the Allocation of IP Addresses
Routing Table for Router B220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.169.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.170.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.171.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.172.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.173.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.174.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1220.78.175.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1
Before Supernetting:
RouteRouter Ar A
220.78.168.0220.78.168.0
220.78.169.0220.78.169.0
220.78.170.0220.78.170.0
220.78.171.0220.78.171.0
220.78.172.0220.78.172.0
220.78.173.0220.78.173.0
220.78.174.0220.78.174.0
220.78.175.0220.78.175.0
Router BRouter B
Routing Table for Router B
220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1
Router BRouter B220.78.168.0220.78.168.0 Router ARouter A
After Supernetting:
After Subnetting
Router BRouter B
220.78.168.0220.78.168.0
220.78.168.64220.78.168.64
220.78.168.128220.78.168.128
220.78.168.192220.78.168.192
220.78.169.0220.78.169.0
220.78.169.64220.78.169.64
220.78.169.128220.78.169.128
220.78.169.192220.78.169.192
RouterA
RouterA
220.78.170.0220.78.170.0
220.78.170.64220.78.170.64
Routing Table for Router B
220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1
Review
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR )
Binary IP Addresses
Binary Subnet Masks
IP Address Allocation Using CIDR
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