Radio Frequency Interference: Prevention & Mitigation Strategies for OPTIMISING THE NETWORK Installation Training, Quality Assurance, Equipment Type Approval, and Network Validation Martin Jarrold Chief, International Programme Development, GVF Cristóvam Nascimento Brazil Correspondent/Chief Trainer , GVF 16 th April 2014
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Radio Frequency Interference:
Prevention & Mitigation Strategies for
OPTIMISING THE NETWORK
Installation Training, Quality Assurance, Equipment Type Approval,
• THESE TRENDS RESULTED IN RELIABLE BUT HIGH COST SOLUTIONS
• A NUMBER OF MANUFACTURERS SAW A COMMERCIAL BENEFIT IN HAVING “APPROVED HARDWARE”
• MAJOR SATELLITE OPERATORS { INTELSAT, ASIASAT & EUTELSAT ETC. } WERE EARLY ADOPTERS OF THE CALL FOR HIGH STANDARDS
Other Satellite Operators Follow:
• MANY FOLLOW-ON OPERATORS ADOPTED THE RECOMMENDATIONS PUBLISHED BY THE LEAD SATELLITE OPERATORS WITHOUT REQUIRING THEIR OWN INTERNAL QUALITY AND TYPE APPROVAL PROGRAMS
• NO REQUIREMENT FOR EQUIPMENT TYPE APPROVAL BECOMES THE NORM FOR MANY OPERATORS
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GVF Training and Certification Program
History… to Remedy… 2
Competitive Pressures:
• THE SATELLITE INDUSTRY HAD ESTABLISHED A REPUTATION FOR PROVIDING RELIABLE COMMUMICATIONS SERVICES
• PRESSURES TO REMAIN COMPETITIVE CAUSED A NUMBER OF LEADING OPERATORS TO QUESTION THEIR STRICT QUALITY AND TYPE APPROVAL PROCEDURES
• IN-HOUSE DECISIONS WERE MADE TO REDUCE COSTS BY CUTTING OR REDUCING THESE PRACTICES
The Result:
• THE INDUSTRY EXPERIENCED A GRADUAL INCREASE IN LOWER QUALITY, LOWER COST HARDWARE ENTERING THE MARKET. THIS LED TO INCREASING OCCURRENCES OF INTERFERENCE TO SATELLITE SERVICES
• THE MAJOR OPERATORS REPORTED SIGNIFICANT LOSSES IN REVENUE DUE TO:
– UPWARDS OF $10 MILLION REQUIRED TO TRACK DOWN AND REMEDY INTERFERENCE INCIDENCES
– PAYMENT OF LARGE REFUNDS TO CUSTOMERS FOR DEGRADED SERVICES
– INCREASED COSTS ON PART OF THE END USES TO MAINTAIN REPAIR FACILITIES AND DEPLOY SERVICE TECHNICIANS TO THE FIELD
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GVF Training and Certification Program
History… to Remedy… 3
GVF Product Quality (QA) Framework:
• THE SATELLITE INDUSTRY HAS SHOWN A RESURGENCE OF INTEREST IN WORKING TOGETHER TO MITIGATE THE GLOBAL INTERFERENCE PROBLEMS
• THE GVF IS SEEN AS PIVOTAL IN BRINGING TOGETHER ELEMENTS OF THE SATELLITE
OPERATOR, MANUFACTURER AND REGULATORY COMMUNITIES • PRIORITY FOCUS IS PLACED ON PROMOTING HIGH QUALITY PERFORMANCE
PRODUCTS AND WORKING WITH SATELLITE OPERATORS AND MANUFACTURERS TO DEVELOP ROBUST TYPE APPROVAL TEST PROCEDURES
• APPROVAL TESTING TO BE WITNESSED AND VALIDATED BY AN INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED TEST ENTITY [ATE]
• WITNESSED TEST RESULTS CONDUCTED ON BEHALF OF ONE SATELLITE OPERATOR ARE TO BE RECOGNIZED BY OTHER OPERATORS WITHOUT THE NEED TO REPEAT MEASUREMENTS
• ENCOURAGE CERTIFICATION OF CHINESE GVF ATE’s FOR CONDUCTING TYPE APPROVALS IN THE ASIAN REGION
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GVF Training and Certification Program
GVF Product Quality Assurance Implementation
Short Term:
• EXPAND PARTICIPATION OF SATELLITE OPERATORS, MANUFACTURERS AND REGULATORS IN THE PROGRAM
• PROMOTE THE VALUE OF TYPE APPROVALS AND BEST QUALITY PRACTICES
• ENCOURAGE DISEMINATION OF INFORMATION WITHIN SATELLITE OPERATOR COMMUNITY AND WORK TOWARDS HARMONIZING SPECIFICATIONS
Medium & Long Term:
• ESTABLISH A COHERENT INDUSTRY / SATELITE-BASED CORE CAPABILITY, COMPRISED OF EXPERTS TO BEST SERVE THE OBJECTIVES OF THE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNITY
• SOLIDIFY THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE GVF TRAINING, MRA TEST PROCEDURES, APPROVED TEST ENTITIES AND CARRIER ID AS THE KEY COMPONENTS OF THE QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM
• ELEVATE THE PERCEIVED VALUE OF A SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SOLUTION AS THE “SOLUTION OF CHOICE”. ATTRACT MORE INVOLVEMENT FROM CHINESE SATELLITE OPERATORS IN THE REGION
30
Radio Frequency Interference: Prevention & Mitigation Strategies for
OPTIMISING THE NETWORK
Installation Training, Quality Assurance, Equipment Type Approval,
and Network Validation
GVF Training and Certification Program
Equipment Type Approvals
THE EVOLUTION OF THE TYPE APPROVAL PROCESS
BENEFITS TO SATELLITE OPERATORS & MANUFACTURERS
REVIEW OF THE GVF-MRA DOCUMENTS:
GVF-101 COVERS TEST PROCEDURES AND THE MRA PROCESS
GVF-102 CROSS REFERENCE TO SPECIFICATIONS
GVF-103 DUTIES OF THE AUTHORIZED TEST ENTITY
GVF-104 AUTO-DEPLOY TERMINALTEST REQUIREMENTS
GVF-105 COMMS-ON-THE MOVE
GVF-107 APPLICATION FOR GVF TYPE APPROVAL
LONG TERM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
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GVF Training and Certification Program
The Evolution of the Type Approval Process
Historical Perspective:
• MANUFACTURING PRACTICES AND TOLERANCES AVAILABLE IN THE LATE 1980’s AND EARLY 1990’s WERE PRIMARILY TARGETED RECEIVE ONLY (RxO) ANTENNAS
• EARLY RxO ANTENNAS TYPICALLY EXHIBITED POOR SIDELOBE AND CROSS POL (XPD) PERFORMANCE
The Entry of VSAT Antennas:
• PERFORMANCE FOR TWO-WAY (TRANSMIT / RECEIVE) ANTENNAS REQUIRED REDUCED SIDELOBES TO INITIALLY SATISFY THE 32-25 Log () THEN 29-25 LOG () ITU ENVELOPES. XPD PERFORMANCE WAS TYPICALLY SPECIFIED IN THE 25 TO 30 dB RANGE
• Tx-Rx VSAT ANTENNAS REQUIRED TO SATISFY ADDITIONAL PERFROMANCE CRITERIA INCLUDING Tx-Rx ISOLATION, RETURN LOSS VALUES (Γ)OF BETTER THAN 17.7 dB AS WELL AS PRESCRIBED G/T PERFORMANCE FOR SOME OPERATORS
• THE SATELLITE OPERATORS (ASIASAT, EUTELSAT, INTELSAT AND OTHERS) FOLLOWED ITU RECOMMENDATIONS AND ISSUED RIGID SPECIFICATIONS THAT SATISFIED LINK REQUIREMENTS WHILE PREVENTING INTERFERENCE TO ADJACENT SATELLITE SERVICES USING 2-DEGREE ORBITAL SPACING
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GVF Training and Certification Program
Product Qualification - Validation
THE INTELSAT APPROACH, PHASE-1
• VSAT MANUFACTURER WOULD APPROACH INTELSAT WITH A REQUEST TO QUALIFY A PRODUCT FOR USE ON THE INTELSAT FLEET
• THE MANUFACTURER WAS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT DESIGN, MANUFACTURING, QA AND MEASURED RF PERFORMANCE DATA TO INTELSAT FOR EVAULATION. THE DOCUMENT CONTAINING THIS INFORMATION WAS REFERRED TO AS THE PHASE-1 REPORT
• INTELSAT EVALUATED THE PHASE-1 REPORT INDICATING ITS CONCLUSION IF THE APPLICANTS PRODUCT MET INTELSAT’S SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
• IF SUCCESSFUL, THE APPLICANT MOVED ON TO PHASE-2
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GVF Training and Certification Program
Product Qualification - Validation
THE INTELSAT APPROACH, PHASE-2
• REQUIRED APPLICANT TO PREPARE AT LEAST FIVE ANTENNA SAMPLES. INTELSAT WOULD SELECT THREE SAMPLES AT RANDOM FOR TESTING
• REQUIRED WITNESSED Co & XPD PATTERN TESTS, G/T TESTS, PORT-PORT ISOLATION TESTS AND RETURN LOSS TESTS ACROSS THE Tx & Rx BANDS. XPD TESTS CONDUCTED USING SWEPT FREQUENCY IN A NINE-POINT BOX
• IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRODUCT TESTING, THE INTELSAT REPRESENTATIVE EVALUATED THE MANUFACTURER’S PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. THE KEY MEASURE WAS CONSISTENCY IN PERFORMANCE
• MANUFACTURER WOULD PREPARE AND SUBMIT A PHASE-2 REPORT TO INTELSAT FOR EVALUATION. POSSIBLE INTELSAT CONCLUSIONS WERE:
PRODUCT FOUND SUITABLE FOR OPEN ENDED TYPE APPROVAL
PRODUCT RECEIVED “BATCH APPROVAL” (LIMITED NUMBER)
APPROVAL DENIED. OPPORTUNITY FOR APPLICANT TO CORRECT ANY DEFICIENCIES AND RE-SUBMIT
INTELSAT ISSUED APPROPRIATE TYPE APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
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GVF Training and Certification Program
Requirements differ between Satellite Operators
Similarities:
• ALL REQUIRE A FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE ANTENNA AND ITS SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE, BILL-OF-MATERIALS, MFG MODEL NUMBERS & VARIANTS THEREOF
• ALL REQUIRE CO AND XPD ANTENNA PATTERNS ON MULTIPLE SAMPLES AT THREE OR MORE FREQUENCIES IN THE Tx & Rx BANDS
• ALL REQUIRE ANTENNA GAIN MEASUREMENTS
• SOME REQUIRE BEAM-POINTING ERROR MEASUREMENTS UNDER STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS
• SOME REQUIRE MEASUREMENTS TO ESTABLISH MAXIMUM RADIO LOADS WITHOUT VIOLATING PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
• SOME REQUIRE MEASUREMENT OF G/T & ANTENNA NOISE TEMPERATURE AS A FUNCTION OF ELEVATION ANGLE
• SOME REQUIRE MEASUREMENT OF THE Tx FREQUENCY & EIRP STABILITY, SPURIOUS EMISSIONS & SPECTRUM PURITY
TYPICAL COSTS FOR CONDUCTING A SINGLE TYPE APPROVAL RUN BETWEEN US$30K AND US$60K
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GVF Training and Certification Program
The GVF MRA Formed
As the demand for lower cost satellite services grew in the early 1990’S, it was quickly realized that a more effective solution was required for approving VSAT terminals, other than “ONE-TERMINAL-AT-A-TIME”
The Solution:
AN INVITATION WAS EXTENDED TO THE SATELLITE OPERATORS WHO HAD ESTABLISHED FORMAL TYPE APPROVAL PROGRAMS AS WELL TO THE LEADING VSAT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS. THREE PRIMARY AGENDA OBJECTIVES WERE ESTABLISHED:
1. EXPLORE THE VARIOUS SATELLITE OPERATOR SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
2. ARRIVE AT A MUTUAL AGREEMENT BETEEN THE REQUIREMENTS
3. DEVELOP A STRATEGY FOR REDUCING TYPE APPROVAL COSTS TO FOR BOTH THE SATELLITE OPERATORS AND MANUFACTURERS ALIKE
The Conclusion:
1. ESTABLISHED A FRAMEWORK WHEREBY INDEPENDENTLEY WITNESSED TESTS, CONDUCTED ON BEHALF OF ONE SATELLITE OPERATOR, WOULD BE RECOGNIZED BY OTHER OPERATORS WITHOUT THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL TESTING
2. THE GVF-MRA WAS CREATED TO ACT AS A NON-ALIGNED, INDEPENDENT ENTITY TO FACILITATE THE PROCESS
3. WORKING TOGETHER, THE GVF-MRA AND SATELLITE OPERATORS DEVELOPED TYPE APPROVAL TEST DOCUMENTATION
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GVF Training and Certification Program
GVF-101… The First MRA Document
38
LIST OF PROCESSES
1. APPLICANT REPORT
2. SSOTA REVIEW
3. APPLICANT TEST PLANS
4. SSOTA REVIEW
5. PHASE-1 REPORT
6. SSOTA REVIEW &
ACCEPT
7. APPLICANT CONDUCT
PHASE 2 TESTS
8. ATE CONFIRMS
ACCURACY
9. APPLICANT PREPARES
PHASE 2 REPORT
10. SSOTA REVIEWS FINAL
REPORT AND ISSUES
APPROVAL.
11. IF FINAL APPROVAL IS
DENIED, APPLICANT CAN
REPEAT PROCESS
The GVF MRA Process
Data Package
(with updates)
Secondary Operator
Review and compare
with performance
requirements
Secondary Operator
Issue Operator Type Approval and
Certification Number
Yes
No
Manufacturer
Revise design
and/or quality
control
Manufacturer
Negotiate ATE
services with
operator; repeat
tests as necessary;
revise Data
Package
ATE
Witness and sign
off any repeated
tests; sign off any
changes to the
Data Package
Pa
ss
?
Manufacturer
Prepare and submit
Final SSOTA
application to Secondary
Operator
LIST OF PROCESSES
1. APPLICANT SUBMITS PHASE
2 TEST TO SSOTA
2. SSOTA REVIEWS REPORT
AND GRANTS APPROVAL
OR:
3. SSOTA REQUESTS
ADDITIONAL TESTS AND
INFORMATION
4. APPLICANT CONDUCTS
ADDITIONAL ATE
WITNESSED TESTS
5. APPLICANT SUBMITS
REVISED REPORT TO SSOTA
6. SSOTA GRANTS APPROVAL
7. IT APPROVAL IS DENIED,
APPLICANT HAS THE
OPTION OF REPEATING
TESTS
GVF Training and Certification Program
Revisions to GVF-101 ALL GVF DOCUMENTS ARE CONSIDERED AS ‘LIVING’ DOCUMENTS AND MAY
BE REVISED WITH INPUT FROM THE MANUFACTURING COMMUNITY OR SATELLITE OPERATORS
ALL REVISIONS REQUIRE APPROVAL BY THE GVF MEMBER SATELLITE OPERATORS
GVF-101 IS CURRENTLY UNDERGOING SEVERAL REVISIONS THAT COVER:
THE PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM TO SIMPLIFY THE APPROVAL PROCESS
ADDITIONAL TESTING PROCEDURES FOR AUTO-DEPLOY AND COMMS-ON-THE MOVE TERMINALS
MODIFIED TEST PROCEDURES TO CHARACTERIZE NEW TECHNOLOGY VSAT TERMINAL ANTENNAS
EXAMPLES INCLUDE ELECTRONICALLY SCANNED PHASED ARRAYS IN WHICH THE PATTERNS AND GAIN CHANGE AS A FUNCTION OF SCAN AND SKEW ANGLES
REVISIONS TO GVF-101 ARE ALSO BEING EVALUATED TO BETTER DEFINE THE “COMPLETE TERMINAL PACKAGE” RATHER THAN THE ANTENNA, FEED AND OMT
DEFINITION OF EQUIPMENT LEVELS INCLUDING (i) ANTENNA MODEL, (ii) EARTH STATION MODEL AND (iii) VSAT TERMINAL MODEL
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH SATELLITE OPERATOR COVERING CO- & XPD SIDELOBE MASKS, XPD PERFORMANCE IN BPE OR 1 ‘dB CONTOUR, PORT-PORT ISOLATION, G/T PROFILES, ANTENNA GAIN AND FREQUENCY BANDS
DEFINITION OF PERFORMANCE CATEGORIES USING THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA:
– NO HARM – INTERFERENCE TO OTHER SIGNALS AND INTERFERENCE LEVELS
– INTEROPERABILITY – LINK PERFORMANCE, G/T, BER vs Eb/No, EIRP CAPABILITY
– SAFETY – VOLTAGE, RadHaz, WIND LOADING
– EMC / EMI
– QUALITY – ISO-9000 STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
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GVF Training and Certification Program
GVF-103 Duties of Authorized Test Entities under Mutual Recognition Arrangement Procedure
ATE Definition:
AN AUTHORIZED TEST ENTITY [ATE] IS DEFINED AS AN ORGANIZATION OR INDIVIDUAL, AUTHORIZED BY THE GVF-MRA, TO WITNESS TYPE APPROVAL TESTING AND TO CERTIFY THE ACCURACY OF THE RESULTS
ATE Qualifications:
ANTENNA MODEL ATE’S: POSSESS THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS, THEORY AND PRACTICE, INCLUDING MEASUREMENTS OF Co & XPD PATTERNS, AXIAL RATIO, CROSS POL DISCRIMINATION, ANTENNA TEMPERATURE PROFILE AND POINTING / TRACKING ACCURACY
EARTH STATION ATE’S: IN ADDITION TO ABOVE SKILLS, EARTH STATION ATE’s MUST HAVE EXPERTISE IN EIRP FREQUENCY STABILITY MEASUREMENTS, SPURIOUS OSCILLATIONS. SPECTRUM PURITY, AMPLITUDE RESPONSE AND ON & OFF AXIS EMISSIONS MEASUREMENTS
VSAT TERMINAL ATE’S: ADDITIONAL SKILLS TO INCLUDE MEASUREMENTS OF SIGNAL BANDWIDTH, SPURIOUS EMISSIONS AND BER VS Eb/No
ATE Approval Process:
NOMINEE’S CREDENTIALS EVALUATED BY GVF-MRA AND ON APPROVAL, NOMINEE’S APPLICATION IS SUBMITTED TO ALL MEMBER SATELLITE OPERATORS FOR EVALUATION. SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE MUST RECEIVE A UNAMINOUS APPROVAL
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GVF Training and Certification Program
GVF-104 Performance & Test Guidelines for Type Approval of Auto-Deploy & VMES Satellite Communications Terminals
Overview:
DOCUMENT PRESENTS BEST PRACTICES FOR QUALIFYING AUTO-DEPLOY TERMINALS OPERATING WITH C, X, Ku & Ka BAND TERMINALS AND SATELLITES LOCATED IN A FIXED GSO ORBIT
ADITIONALLY, ANTENNA’s USED IN THE TERMINALS MUST SATISFY THE REQUIREMENTS OF GVF-101
DEMONSTRATE Tx INHIBIT FUNCTION IF THE BPE LIMIT OF 0.5º IS EXCEEDED FOR > 100 ms (TYPICAL SPECIFICATION)
MAY USE COOPERATING ADJACENT SATELLITES FOR PRECISE ALIGNMENT
GVF-105 is the NEWEST Document RELEASED August 2013
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GVF Training and Certification Program
Conclusions, Goals & Objectives
Conclusions THE GVF-MRA HAS ESTABLISHED ROBUST TEST PROCEDURES FOR QUALIFYING VSAT, AUTO-DEPLOY AND
COMMS ON THE MOVE TERMINALS. OVER THE YEARS, THE GVF HAS SEEN INCREASED INTEREST ON THE PART OF THE SATELLITE OPERATORS TO ADOPT GVF-MRA BEST PRACTICES
WITH THE INCREASING NUMBER OF Ka-BAND SATELLITES, IT IS CRITICAL TO ESTABLISH SOLID PRODUCT QUALIFICATION PROCEDURES IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE ASI PROBLEMS THAT HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCED IN THE LOWER C & Ku-BAND FREQUENCIES
THESE PROCEDURES HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED BY INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, ASIASAT, ANATEL, NIIR, PALAPA, CHINA ORIENT, APT & OTHER SATELLITE OPERTATORS
Long Term Goals & Objectives THE GVF-MRA IS SEEKING TO EXPAND THE REACH OF THE QUALITY ASSURANCE FRAMEWORK AND TO
INVOLVE THE PARTICIPATION OF MORE SATELLITE OPERATORS IN ORDER ENSURE THE CONTINUED SUCCESS OF THE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS MARKET
THE GVF IS ACTIVELY SEEKING PARTICIPATION FROM MORE COUNTRIES IN THE AREA OF ANTENNA TYPE APPROVAL AND IN THE CREATION OF QUALIFIED AUTHORIZED TEST ENTITIES
45
Radio Frequency Interference: Prevention & Mitigation Strategies for
OPTIMISING THE NETWORK
Installation Training, Quality Assurance, Equipment Type Approval,
and Network Validation
GVF Training and Certification Program 47
Network Validation…
Examples... Improper Weights; Cabling &
Conduits; Rusted El jack without check nut;
Cement Block kept on IFL Cable, no guide
wire or conduit used
GVF Training and Certification Program 48
LoS and electrical interference; Water ingress in the feed horn; Rusted structure without Az check nut; No Ballast; Loose cables without weather proofing
Network Validation…
GVF Training and Certification Program
Network Validation…
49
GVF Training and Certification Program
Network Validation…
50
GVF Training and Certification Program 51
Technical Vetting
1. Review Link Budget; Test Latency; Ping Response; Data from the NMS
2. Conduct field site visits to remote locations (selected or all sites). Assess the quality of Installation & Maintenance, physical installations, type of cable connectors used, weather-proofing of connectors, check wave guide, placement of the equipment: outdoor & indoor, Check power condition, grounding
3. Test Antenna Optimization, Pointing & Peaking; Verify interference (if any): identify source & suggest how to mitigate; Conduct tests on the link; Measure parameters with Spectrum Analyzer; Review Applications performance from the remote site (e.g. Video Conferencing, VoIP, Data Transfer, etc.)
GVF Training and Certification Program 52
Study of NMS
Link Budget Analysis (Sample screen shots)
GVF Training and Certification Program 53
Coordination
– Constantly interact with the Hub - NOC - End User SPOC and others (Service Provider/OEM/System Integrator), having equipment in the network: video conference / routing equipment; backhaul links on fiber or RF, etc
– Get the Service Provider & End-User into the room to discuss findings as well as explain suggested solutions
– Explain the limitations and capabilities of the network to set right the expectations by the end user
GVF Training and Certification Program 54
Reporting & Follow-on
1. Prepare comprehensive and consolidated report of the findings; Discuss solutions; Accepted by the Service Provider
2. Suggest recommendations to mitigate challenges
3. Submit hard and soft copy of the report
Advise on methodology and approach for follow-on efforts needed to have Optimum Performance of the Network.
1. Suggest use of Facilities Management Services (FMS), wherein experienced technical manpower can be posted at key customer locations and work alongside the end-user & service provider to ensure high up-times
2. Promote Capacity Building through Training & Certification
Radio Frequency Interference: Prevention & Mitigation Strategies for
OPTIMISING THE NETWORK
Installation Training, Quality Assurance, Equipment Type Approval,