1 Optical routers for energy-efficient network -VICTORIES project for optical path routing- Optical routers for energy-efficient network -VICTORIES project for optical path routing- Hiroshi Ishikawa Network Photonics Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Hiroshi Ishikawa Network Photonics Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Optical routers for energy-efficient network
-VICTORIES project for optical path routing-
Optical routers for energy-efficient network
-VICTORIES project for optical path routing-
Hiroshi IshikawaNetwork Photonics Research Center
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Hiroshi IshikawaNetwork Photonics Research Center
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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OutlineOutline
BackgroundNetwork traffic and router power
consumption in video concentric eraConcept of dynamic optical pathVICTORIES project supported by MEXT
Technical achievements so far Demonstration of dynamic optical path network (DOPN) collaborating with NICT and NHK(NEDO project)
Internet traffic and router power consumption in JapanInternet traffic and router power consumption in Japan
2000 2010 205020402020 2030
10
1
100
1,000
100,000
0.1
Ttal
inte
rnet
traf
fic(Tb
ps)10,000
Total power generation(2007)
3-4 orders of magnitudereduction1.36Tb/s(Nov. 2009)
Video contents
1014
Rou
ter p
ower
con
sum
ptio
n (x
kWh)
108
107
109
1011
1012
1013
4
Consumer Internet TrafficWeb, Email, and DataFile Sharing(P2P)VideoGamingVoice
Internet traffic forecast for individuals in Japan(2008- 2013)
0
0.5
1.5
2008 2009 2010 2011
Inte
rnet
traf
fic (
EB
/Mon
th)
2012 2013
Video1.70 times/yearTotal traffic
1.39 times/year
File sharing1.21 times/year
1.0
Web, 1.24 time/year
source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2008-2013
Frames and packets are processed electrically by LSI,Power consumption is proportional to traffic.The LSI consumes 50% of the total router power consumption
100Tbps routers×100 nodes 200 MW(Almost power generation plant)
~ 10 nJ/bit(~6 nJ/bit)~ 10 kW/Tbps
2MW including air-conditionings
Dynamic Optical Path Network for energy and videoDynamic Optical Path Network for energy and video
・Limited switch-port number・Need a good control plane・Need numerous fibers
IP: Process every packet for routing
Optical Path: Set up end-to-end paths
Switching over space/paths rather than time/packetsUse of SDM => Energy savings by several orders of magnitude
6 S. Namiki, et al., MIT Microphotonics Center Fall Meeting 2010
Image of future networkImage of future network• capacity:
1,000-10,000 times• Power:
3 order reduction
IP network
Optical path switch hub
Optical path switch hubNW managing
technologyNW managing technology
Node; Path control,Tunable dispersion
compensation
Node; Path control,Tunable dispersion
compensation
Ubiquitous
Video
• Video concentric service• User bandwidth:
10-100Gbps
Path network
Organization of VICTORIES project (Since July 2008, renewed this April) “Vertically Integrated Center for Technologies of Optical Routing toward Ideal Energy Savings”
Organization of VICTORIES project (Since July 2008, renewed this April) “Vertically Integrated Center for Technologies of Optical Routing toward Ideal Energy Savings”
Cross: without power supply Control of one switch can fix the path
N x N matrix switch
1
2
3
41
4
2
31
2
3
41
4
2
3
Control of N switch, not N2
18
Heater Electrode
Bar
Cross
110m
Signmal
Voltage
Light output
125
m
100s
1.5V
Unit Mach-Zehnder switchUnit Mach-Zehnder switchTO-MZI switch
Power: 20 mWResponse time:40 s
SiSiO2
SiO2
Cross section of Si-waveguide
19
80
70
60
50
40
30
2050403020100
SW
ER
/ dB
Cro
ss ta
lk o
f uni
t sw
itch
(dB
)
N=256
6416
Cross talk at output (dB)
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620
Tran
smitt
ance
(dB
)
wavelength (nm)
In-A to Out-B 'bar' stateIn-B to Out-B 'bar' stateIn-A to Out-B 'cross' stateIn-B to Out-B 'cross' state(a)
Bar:25 dBCross:20 dB
Cross talk required to the switchCross talk required to the switch
Unit-MZI switch
Required cross talk in large scale switch
Low cross talk 2 x 2 switch with a new waveguide cross
Maximally -50dB cross talk was achieved by directional coupler intersection
MZI1
MZI2
MZI3
MZI4
In1
In2 Out2
Out1
Intersection
2×2 switch
Y. Shoji et al., Optics Express, 18, 9071 (2010)
-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620Transmittance (dB)
Input-1 to Output-1 'cross' stateInput-1 to Output-2 'cross' stateInput-1 to Output-1 'bar' stateInput-1 to Output-2 'bar' state
(c)50 dB(バー)
30 dB(クロス
-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620
50dB (Bar) 30 dB (Cross)
Tran
smis
sion
(d
B)
Wavelength (nm)
2121
Current injection type switch (Fujitsu Labs)
S. Sekiguchi et al., “Current-injection-type Silicon-based Optical Switch withSilicon Germanium Waveguide,”2010 IEEE Photonics Society 23rd Annual Meeting, WW3
Used in DOPN demoUsed in DOPN demo
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4 x 4 switches used in demonstration experiment4 x 4 switches used in demonstration experiment
1.5V
1
4
2
3
4
3
2
1
Input Output
Unit-switch 20mW, Response 40s
Photograph of 4 x 4 SW
Size: 5mm x 5mm
115m
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Used in DOPN demoUsed in DOPN demo
(NICT)Koganei
(NICT)Otemach
(AIST)Akihabara
Upper; O-packetLower: O-path Optical packet
Optical path
AIST SW
SHV(NHK, NEDO project)
NICTOptical packt/path
Interface
JGN2Plus
SHV配信サーバ
JGN2Plus
NICT SW
Electric packet
SHV
Optical path switches
HD配信サーバ
HD配信サーバ
HD配信サーバ
Demonstration experiment on Aug.25 2010collaboration with NICT and NHK(NEDO)
Demonstration experiment on Aug.25 2010collaboration with NICT and NHK(NEDO)
File exchange
100 km fiber path
AISTDOPN
Optical path-conditioningFrukawa Electric., Trimatiz, NEC
Silicon photonics Fujitsu Labs, NEC
Network application IntefaceNTT
23
24
Demonstration of DOPNDemonstration of DOPN
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Power consumption summaryPower consumption summary
• Power consumption was 1.2KW for average bit rate of 9Gb/s(1, 10, 43Gb/s).
• Only two Si-photonics SW was used. If all switches were Si-Photonics, power consumption would be around 0.15KW.
• In DOPN, power consumption does not depend on the bit rate, while that of IP routing is proportional to the bit rate. Then at higher bit drastic power reduction is feasible.
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Traffic and power consumptionTraffic and power consumption
10-4
10-2
100
102
104
106
0.0001 0.01 1 100 10,000
Tra
ffic
[P
bit/
s]
Power consumption [TWh/year]
Present IP
Target
‐
3‐4 orders of energy reduction can be done
IP router
O/EE/O
O/EE/O
O/EE/O
O/EE/O
O/EE/O
O/EE/O
・・・・・・
・・・・・・
・・・ ・・・
Optical path switching
Power reduction by DOPN (Japan)Power reduction by DOPN (Japan)