Optical Fiber Technology and Radio over Fiber for near … fin… ·  · 2012-09-03Optical Fiber Technology and Radio over Fiber for near-future in-building and in-home network Davide

Optical Fiber Technology and Radio over Fiber for near-future in-building and in-home network

Davide Visani Tutor: Prof. Paolo Bassi

Co-tutor: Prof. Giovanni Tartarini

DEIS, Università di Bologna

18 January 2010

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Outline

• Research aim and plan •  In-building and In-home networks • Radio over multimode fiber (RoMMF) systems

– Overview – Modal noise impact

• Plastic optical fiber systems – Overview – Simultaneous transmission of baseband and radio signals

• Conclusions and Outlooks

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Research aim and plan

• Research aim: study optical fiber solutions and technologies to be applied in short-range in-building communication systems, focusing mostly in radio signal distribution.

First year - 2009 Second year - 2010 Third year - 2011

Introduction

Radio over Multimode fiber systems: models, experimental studies, design

Abroad period

Plastic optical fiber systems

Radio over WDM PON

Thesis

• Research plan

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In-building and In-home networks

Mobile network

Access Network

PC

mobile laptop

VoIP

fax print

smartphone

audio

Antenna, Satellite

Optical Fiber, Copper, Coax cable

GSM,UMTS, LTE, …

Gateway

Wireless Access point

TV

Phone

Twisted pair (Cat-5), coaxial cable

coaxial cable

•  Todays

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•  Today – Access network connections speed of 5-50 Mbit/s – Mobile network not very used for data communication, but able to

guarantee 1-5 Mbit/s – Different services delivered on different infrastructures

In-building and In-home networks

What will be the future needs?

Is this scenario upgradable?

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• Services in the in-building scenario – state of the art

In-building and In-home networks

Services

Access network

technologies

Mbit/s

ADSL: Asymetric Digital Subscriber Line VDSL: Very high Digital Subcriber Line HFC: Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial

FTTP: Fiber To The Premise FTTH: Fiber To The Home

FTTP FTTH

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• Evolution of wireless standard

In-building and In-home networks

GSM: Global Service for Mobile communications WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access HSPA: High Speed Packet Access

LTE: Long Term Evolution BWA/WiMAX: Broadband Wireless Access/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network

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In-building and In-home networks

Mobile network

Access Network

PC

mobile laptop

VoIP

fax print

smartphone

audio

Optical Fiber

GSM, UMTS, LTE, …

Gateway

HDTV

Optical Fiber

•  Future perspective Antenna, Satellite

Donor Antenna

Remote antenna unit, Access point

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In-building network vs In-home network

• Shared among several users: – Higher network capacity – Cost shared

• Distances of several hundreds of meters

•  Installation made by technicians

• Private network: cost not shared! •  Lower network capacity needed • Maximum distance of 50-100 m • Self-made installation or possible

also to not highly-skilled technicians

Home, small buildings

Large buildings

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In-building network-Radio over fiber (RoF) systems

Wireless coverage extention using RoF in Fiber Distributed Antenna Systems (F-DAS):

Ø  obstructed areas Ø  crowded places

Single mode (SMF) Multi mode (MMF) “Infinite” bandwidth “Limited” bandwidth

(500-4700 MHz*km)

Higher installation costs

Lower installation costs

Will be used for 100 Gbit/s LAN

Already deployed for 10 Gbit/s LAN

Since we consider distances of hundreds of meter, multimode fiber can be a good compromise

Central Office

Remote Antenna Unit

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Radio over Multimode Fiber systems

•  Issue of multimode fiber:

– Intermodal dispersion: low impact because we use short length of 50/125 (50 µm diameter core, 125 µm diameter cladding) silica fiber

– Modal noise: high impact because we use coherent sources

SMF MMF MMF MMF RFOUT RFIN

• Basic link (Intensity modulated – Direct Detection)

Laser Photodiode Electrical Amplifier Fiber connector

Electrical Amplifier

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems

• Modal noise impact

Standard Deviation from the Average value: σG= [(1/N) Σk (ΔG2)]1/2

Average Value: <G>= (1/N) ΣkGk

0 1 2 3 4 5x 104

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

time [s]

RF

curr

ent [

mA

]

RFmean value

Link

Gai

n [d

B]

-20

-22

-24

-18

-16

-14 G

…

ΔG Pratical explanation: The received RF power vary during time like in a fading radio channel Modeled and measured quantities:

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems

• Example: 3 modes

ϕ2(t1)

t1

Phases due to fiber propagation, temperature, and mechanical stress conditions in a fixed time

1/3

Mode shape

Overall intensity (speckle pattern)

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems

• Example: 3 modes 2/3

ϕ2(t2)

t2

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems

• Example: 3 modes 3/3

ϕ2(t3)

t3

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems

Different power distribution on the same finite photodiode area leads to different received power

– Type of launch (multimode fiber excitation) – Laser modulation characteristics – Photodiode effective area and alignment – Fiber length – Fiber connectors

•  Theoretical and experimental study of modal noise impact on: – Link Gain – Harmonic and intermodulation distortion terms Depending from:

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems • Model- schematic diagram

Mode calculation with FEM

(COMSOL)

Mode excitation weigths (Matlab)

Mode interference coefficients:

-  Fiber connectors -  Photodiode

(Matlab)

Statistic calculation Link Gain: -  Average value

-  Standard deviation (Matlab)

Mode delays (Matlab)

Laser modulation

characteristic Input power,

carrier frequency

Fiber length

Refractive index profile

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems

Launch Condition

RoF TX

MMF

Climatic Chamber

RoF RX

Vector Network Analyzer

Multimeter

+ 0.30 V

Temperature meter

• Experimental setup Link Gain Harmonic distortion Intermodulation terms

MMF spans with different lengths

DFB Laser at 1310 nm

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems

SMF MMF MMF MMF RFOUT RFIN

• Multimode fiber excitation

Central Launch

Offset Launch

It excites the Fundamental Mode (MAINLY) plus other modes with τg ‘s much different from its one (τg ≡ mode group delay)

It excites higher order modes with similar weigth and τg

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Modal noise in RoMMF systems

100 200 300 4000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

L (m)

σG

(dB

)

• Experimental results: launching conditions and fiber length

Offset launch

Central launch

D. Visani, G. Tartarini, M. N. Petersen, L. Tarlazzi, P. Faccin, “Link Design Rules for Cost-Effective Short-Range Radio Over Multimode Fiber Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 3144-3153, November 2010.

Developed theoretical model

Measurements

Input power: 0 dBm Carrier frequency: 1 GHz

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In-home network – introduction

• System based on single and multimode fiber are not suitable for home, where cost is the major issue.

980/1000 µm

Poly-methylmetacrylate (PMMA) POF

50/125µm

Multimode fiber (MMF)

Silica fibers

9/125µm

Single mode fiber (SMF)

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• POF applications: – Automotive industry – Automation industry – Sensors – Illumination – Data communication

Plastic optical fiber – applications

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Plastic optical fiber - features

ü  Easy coupling ü  Cheap (plastic housing, LED) ü  Less sensitive to bending ü  Robust to mechanical stress

POF has 100x larger diameter (1 mm) than standard single-mode glass fiber:

plastic

glass

plastic glass

1 mm 10 µm

×  Finite bandwidth (high impact of intermodal dispersion) ×  High loss (200 dB/km at red wavelength)

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Plastic optical fiber – data communication

•  The finite bandwidth (100 to 1000 MHz at 50m) requires: – High spectral efficiency modulation format for baseband transmission – Frequency downconversion for radio signal trasmission

•  This research study was developed at Technical University of Eindhoven where there was an existing research activity on digital baseband transmission using Discrete Multitone Modulation (DMT)

• Achievement of 5.3 Gbit/s transmission over 50m of POF • Simultaneous transmission of a baseband data streaming

and a broadband radio signal

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• Experimental setup

Plastic optical fiber – Simultaneous transmission

VCSEL

∅1mm PMMA GI-POF

50 m DMT TX

AWG

DPO UWB RX

UWB TX real-time Si-APD

DMT RX

U W B

D M T

f1 f2 f

fLO

DC

Off-line Off-line

• Baseband transmission: 2.2 Gbit/s using DMT and adaptive bit and power loading

• Radio transmission: Ultra wide band (UWB) RF signal centered at 3.96 GHz with a bandwidth of 528 MHz

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• Received spectrum

Plastic optical fiber – Simultaneous transmission

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.5 -65

-55

-45

-35

-25

Frequency (GHz)

Elec

tric

al P

ower

(dB

m)

DMT UWB

• Received constellation

UWB DMT D. Visani, Y. Shi, C. M. Okonkwo, H. Yang, H. van den Boom, G. Tartarini, E. Tangdiongga, A.M. J. Koonen, “Wired and Wireless Multi-Services Transmission over 1mm-Core GI-POF for In-home Networks,” accepted for publication in IET Electronics Letters

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Conclusions and Outlooks

• Conclusions: – Theoretical and experimental characterization of modal noise impact in

Radio over Multimode fiber systems in terms of link gain, harmonic and intermodulation distortion terms

– Experimental demonstration of Multi gigabit transmission over 50 m large core plastic optical fiber

– Experimental demonstration of simultaneous transmission of baseband and radio signals over large core plastic optical fiber

• Outlooks: – Characterization of Radio over Multimode fiber systems employing

multimode laser – Achievement of 10 Gbit/s transmission over 50 m plastic optical fiber – Integration of Radio over Fiber technology in Wavelenth Division

Multiplexing (WDM) Passive Optical Network (PON)

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List of publications Journal papers: 1.  D. Visani, G. Tartarini, L. Tarlazzi, P. Faccin, “Transmission of UMTS and WIMAX Signals over Cost-Effective Radio

over Fiber Systems,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 831-833, December 2009.

2.  D. Visani, G. Tartarini, M. N. Petersen, L. Tarlazzi, P. Faccin, “Effects of laser frequency chirp on modal noise in short-range radio over multimode fiber links,” OSA Applied Optics, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1032-1040, February 2010.

3.  D. Visani, G. Tartarini, M. N. Petersen, L. Tarlazzi, P. Faccin, “Link Design Rules for Cost-Effective Short-Range Radio Over Multimode Fiber Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 3144-3153, November 2010.

4.  C. M. Okonkwo, E. Tangdiongga, H. Yang, D. Visani, S. Loquai, R. Kruglov, B. Charbonnier, M. Ouzzif, I. Greiss, O. Ziemann, R. Gaudino, A.M.J. Koonen, “Recent Results From the EU POF-PLUS Project: Multi-Gigabit Transmission Over 1 mm Core Diameter Plastic Optical Fibers,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Ligthwave Technology, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 186-193, January 2011.

5.  D. Visani, Y. Shi, C. M. Okonkwo, H. Yang, H. van den Boom, G. Tartarini, E. Tangdiongga, A.M. J. Koonen, “Wired and Wireless Multi-Services Transmission over 1mm-Core GI-POF for In-home Networks,” accepted for publication in IET Electronics Letters.

Conference papers: 1.  D. Visani, G. Tartarini, L. Tarlazzi, P. Faccin, “Accurate and Efficient Transmission Evaluation of Wireless Signals on

Radio over Fiber Links,” International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP 2009), Valencia, Spain, October 2009.

2.  D. Visani, G. Tartarini, M. N. Petersen, L. Tarlazzi, P. Faccin, “Reducing Modal Noise in Short-Range Radio over Multimode Fibre Links,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC/NFOEC), San Diego, CA, March 2010.

3.  D. Visani, C. M. Okonkwo, S. Loquai, H. Yang, Y. Shi, H. van den Boom, T. Ditewig, G. Tartarini, B. Schmauss, S. Randel, A. M. J. Koonen, E. Tangdiongga, “Record 5.3 Gbit/s Transmission over 50m 1mm Core Diameter Graded-Index Plastic Optical Fiber,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC/NFOEC), San Diego, CA, March 2010.

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List of publications 4.  C. Raffaelli, M. Savi, G. Tartarini, D. Visani, “Physical path analysis in photonic switches with shared wavelength

converters,” International Conference on Transparent Optical Network (ICTON), Munich, Germany, June 2010. 5.  G. Alcaro, D. Visani, G. Tartarini, L. Tarlazzi, P. Faccin, “Controlling the Impact of Modal Noise on Harmonic and

Intermodulation Distortions in Radio over Multimode Fiber Links,” European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), Torino, Italy, September 2010.

6.  H. Yang, D. Visani, C. M. Okonkwo, Y. Shi, G. Tartarini, E. Tangdiongga, A. M. J. Kooonen, “Multi-standard Transmission of Converged Wired and Wireless Services over 100m Plastic Optical Fibre,” European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), Torino, Italy, September 2010.

7.  Y. Shi, H. Yang, D. Visani, C. M. Okonkwo, H. van den Boom, H. Kragl, G. Tartarini, S. Randel, E. Tangdiongga, A. M. J. Koonen, “First Demonstration of Broadcasting High Capacity Data in Large-Core POF-based In-Home Networks,” European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), Torino, Italy, September 2010.

8.  Y. Shi, H. Yang, C. M. Okonwko, D. Visani, G. Tartarini, E. Tangdiongga, A. M. J. Koonen, “Multimode Fiber Transmission of Up-Converted MB-OFDM UWB Employing Optical Frequency Multiplication,” International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP 2010), Montréal, Canada, October 2010.

9.  D. Visani, Y. Shi, H. Yang, C. M. Okonkwo, G. Tartarini, E. Tangdiongga, A. M. J. Koonen, “Towards Converged Broadband Wired and Wireless In-home Optical Networks,” accepted at Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM 2011).

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Credits

Academic Courses: •  “Sistemi di Commutazione LS” held by Prof. C. Raffaelli for Master

Degree in Telecommunications (60) •  “Algoritmi di Ottimizzazione LS” held by Prof. P. Toth for Master

Degree in Telecommunications (60)

Abroad period: •  February to December 2010 at COBRA research institute, Technical

University of Eindhoven (TU/e), The Netherlands (60)

In Total: 120 (180)