OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOR OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOR OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOR OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOR PROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Prof. Dr. Guillermo Orellana Prof. Dr. Guillermo Orellana Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE de MADRID U C M
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OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOR PROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS · OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOR PROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Prof. Dr. Guillermo Orellana Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry
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OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOROPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOROPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FOROPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSORS FORPROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSISPROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSISPROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSISPROCESS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Prof. Dr. Guillermo OrellanaProf. Dr. Guillermo Orellana
Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry GroupUNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE de MADRIDUCM
12)Concept of “process analysis”Concept of “process analysis”
UCM
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p p yp p y
Real time measurements of reactants intermediatesReal time measurements of reactants intermediates
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A, UReal-time measurements of reactants, intermediates
and/or products that provide direct information about the process or reaction its efficiency and yield for
Real-time measurements of reactants, intermediates and/or products that provide direct information about the process or reaction its efficiency and yield for
rmo
OREthe process or reaction, its efficiency and yield for
control, optimization and other decision-making steps.the process or reaction, its efficiency and yield for control, optimization and other decision-making steps.
i: process time constantk: chemical reaction rate constantR: reactor volume/volumetric flow rate
R.A. Potyrailo, in “Elsevier Enciclopedia of Materials”, 2001
12)Sampling strategiesSampling strategies
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A sampling system is “an assembly of components and equipment with the function of taking a representative sample from the process conditionA sampling system is “an assembly of components and equipment with the function of taking a representative sample from the process condition
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A, Uthe function of taking a representative sample from the process, condition
it, transporting and presenting it to the analyzer, and disposing of it”.the function of taking a representative sample from the process, conditionit, transporting and presenting it to the analyzer, and disposing of it”.
Analyzer interfacing is one of the most important issues!
( li h dli i 85% f th bl ith / i l li ht(e.g. sampling handling issues are 85% of the problems with uv/vis process analyzers, light source failures contribute 5%, opto-electronic problems and others make the rest) (Sherman, 1996)
Pay attention to spatial heterogeneity of the sampled materialE.A. Houser, “Principles of Sample Handling and Sampling Systems Design for Process Analysis”, ISA, Pittsburgh, PA, 1972
Pay attention to spatial heterogeneity of the sampled material