Opportunities for Postsecondary Success for Students with ASD

OPSCathy Schelly, M.Ed., OTR/L; Assistant Professor Director, Center for Community Partnerships PI, ACCESS and OPS ProjectsCraig Spooner, MA

ACCESS & OPS UDL Coordinator

Opportunities for Postsecondary Successfor Students with ASD

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Who we are…

Center for Community Partnerships — a service and outreach arm of the Department of Occupational Therapy at Colorado State University

…Supporting the inherent dignity, potential and full participation

of all people.

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DOE, OPE-Funded Programs

Featuring the following programs:

ACCESS

Opportunities for Postsecondary Success (OPS)

ACCESS Grant: P333A080026; OPS Grant: H128J080025

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Agenda

ACCESS — faculty instruction Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Student Self-Advocacy (SA) Research, dissemination

Opportunities for Postsecondary Success (OPS) — student supports Student Self-Advocacy leading to success for students with

ASD UDL, AT and SA instruction and technical assistance Program evaluation, dissemination, replication

OPS UDLWhat is it?Who benefits from it?

Universal Design for Learning

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Universal Design for Learning

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

is a set of principles and techniques for

creating inclusive classroom instruction

and accessible course materials.

teaching

technology

“”

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Universal Design (UD)

Build in accessibility from the start Curb cuts in city streets Ramps and automatic door openers TV closed captions Ergonomic kitchen utensils

Everyone benefits from a more flexible, user-friendly environment

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Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

Inclusive pedagogy

UDL applies to both teaching and technology

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Who are college students today?

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They are diverse

Ethnicity & Culture

Gender

Nontraditional

ESL/Native language

Learning Styles/Intelligences

Disabilities

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Disabilities

Mobility Impairments

Blindness/Visual Impairments

Deafness/Hearing Impairments

Learning Disabilities

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD/ADHD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Mental Illness

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Disabilities in Higher Education

Nationally, 11.3% of undergraduates report some type of disability1

At Colorado State University2

8%–11% report a disability Non-apparent disabilities are by far the largest

proportion and growing Even among students who say they have a

disability, few seek accommodations

1National Center for Education Statistics, 2008; U.S. Government Accountability Office, 20092Schelly, Davies & Spooner, Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability (Feb. 2011)

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Universal Design for Learning:3 Principles

1. Instructors represent information and concepts in multiple ways (and in a variety of formats).

2. Students are given multiple ways to express their comprehension and mastery of a topic.

3. Students engage with new ideas and information in multiple ways.

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#1: Representation

Describe learning objectives in clear, specific terms

Provide structure to the material:

Highlight key concepts, explaining how they relate to course objectives

Start lecture with an outline, conclude with a summary Clearly define expectations for classroom behavior

Post lecture notes online prior to class

Record lectures and post them online as podcasts

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#2: Expression

Provide flexibility in assessment, especially in language-based tests/exams

Allow extended time for assessment

Encourage alternative formats for assignments

Encourage electronic communication

Face-to-face or in-class communication can be difficult and stressful

Students may need time to plan ahead

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#3: Engagement

Communicate high expectations for all learners Invite students (verbally and on the syllabus) to speak

to you privately if they have learning challenges Provide prompt, ongoing and instructive feedback to

support learning and self-assessment Ask students where they’d like to sit Help students advocate for themselves. Know the

resources available at the university, especially RDS and the OPS program

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Findings from UDL Research at CSU

It helps me learn when the instructor… presents information in multiple formats actively engages students in learning relates key concepts to the larger objectives

of the course begins class with an outline summarizes key points highlights key points of instructional videos

Repr

esen

tExpress

Engage

UDLFramewor

k

Graphic of merging UDL and SA

Till the cows come home…

Instructors can implement UDL and best teaching practices until the cows come home...

But until students become aware of how they learn, what they need to be successful in the college environment, and how to put strategies and resources in place to promote success—until they become self-advocates—we’re only half-way to our goal.

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Self-Advocacy

“Self-advocacy is the ability to

understand one’s own needs

and effectively communicate those

needs to others.”*

*Shore, 2010

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ACCESS Self-Advocacy Definition*

Knowing yourself Strengths, interests, challenges

Knowing what you need Available resources, accommodations

Knowing how to get what you need Taking action

*adapted from Shore, 2010

Self-Advocacy Skill Development for Postsecondary Success

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Why Promote Self-Advocacy?

Academic Persistence!

Self-advocacy is a key predictor of student success. Strong self-advocates (self-responsible learners) tend to experience greater academic satisfaction, higher grades, and have an increased level of ability to succeed in college and in life.*

*Field, Sarver and Shaw (2003); Lotkowski, Robbins and Noeth (2004); Tinto, V. (1993)

1

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The problem…

“Too many students with disabilities exit high school with limited self-determination and self-advocacy skills because school and parents assume responsibility for advocating for educational needs rather than fostering the development of these skills in students.”*

*Izzo & Lamb, 2002

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The solution...UDL + Self-Advocacy = ACCESS

Inclusive instruction through UDL implementation makes learning accessible to all students.

Becoming an effective self-advocate is critical for success in postsecondary education – for all students, and especially those with ASD!

Self-advocacy skill development is the foundation of support strategies for students with ASD!

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ACCESS Leads to Questions and Program

Development

Who are the students who are ‘falling through the cracks?’ Why are they struggling?

How can we best support high-risk students with ASD to promote success in achieving their postsecondary dreams?

Office of Postsecondary Education provided the potential answer to our questions.

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Transition Program Funding Priority

Authorized by Higher Education Opportunities Act (HEOA) Reauthorization in 2008 (PL 110-315)

IHEs funded to develop comprehensive transition and postsecondary programs for students with disabilities that impact their cognitive functioning

OPS OPSOpportunities for Postsecondary Success

Project

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Transition Program Funding Priority

HEOA focus: Students with learning/academic functioning

impairments, characterized by significant limitations in cognitive functioning and/or adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and/or practical adaptive skills, including students with ASD

Addressing a need identified at CSU, FRCC, PSD and beyond

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Center for Community Partnerships

Implementing OPS

CCP partnering with: OT faculty Assistive Technology Resource Center Resources for Disabled Students Student Affairs Front Range Community College Poudre School District Foothills Gateway Inc. Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Adaptive Recreation Opportunities

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OPS Goals

Development of a ‘Postsecondary Transitions Trajectory’

UDL and AT training and technical assistance

Transition supports

Evaluation of program outcomes

Differences between high schooland college/university

High School (IDEA)

Class sizes are usually small

Students receive reminders and support for assignments

Child Find

Indiv. Education Plans (IEPs)

Students’ time is managed for them

Teachers are available for assistance and questions during and after class

College (504 and ADA)

Class sizes may be large

Students expected to complete their work independently

Student must take initiative to seek out accommodations

Self-advocacy

Time management skills needed

Professors are available during office hours

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Strengths that students with ASD may have*

Cognitive abilities similar to neurotypical or gifted individuals

Excellent vocabulary, strong verbal skills Focused, diligent Honest to a fault Strong desire to excel Creative, unique ways of thinking Passionate about unique interests Concrete literal

*Barnhill, G., Hagiwara, T., Myles, B.S., & Simpson, R., 2000

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Challenges that students with ASD may

experience1

Difficulty with change, transitions Poor ability to read/learn unwritten rules and procedures Frequent concomitant anxiety Difficulty with communication, relationships, reciprocal

social interaction (e.g. roommates, classmates, group assignments, class presentations)

Presence of stereotyped behavior, interests or activities Sensory processing disorders2

Concrete literal

1 VanBergeijk, Klin, & Volkmar, 20082 http://www.autism-resources.com/papers/TEACCHN.htm

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If you know a student with ASD…

…you know astudent with ASD!

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Possible areas of confusion

What is the difference between three and four credits?

What does it mean to add/drop a course vs. withdraw from a course?

What are the unwritten rules? Why can’t I keep texting my roommate?

What do I do with the assignment when I’m finished?

What am I supposed to do when a class is cancelled?

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Addressing Problem Areas

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Addressing Problem Areas

Organization

Selecting Courses

Social Life

Living in the Dorms

Daily Living

Prepare in Advance

Sensory Issues

http://www.autism-resources.com/papers/TEACCHN.htm

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Supports for eligible college students

Transition Coordinators/Peer Mentors assist with: Development of relationship/friendship with roommate,

classmates Socialization guidance, role playing Development of skills/strategies for surviving group

assignments Identification of ‘triggers’ – coming up with crisis management

strategies Connection to recreation, activities Career exploration Development of self-advocacy skills

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Supports for eligible HS students who are headed to college/university

Transition Coordinators/Peer Mentors assist with: Connection and familiarization with campus

locations and resources (individualized) Introduction to dormitory, RA – identification of

residential support needs Learning the ropes: signing up for classes,

understanding add/drop/withdrawal rules, course management system

Development of self-advocacy skills

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Supports for eligible HS students who are seeking employment

Transition Coordinators/Peer Mentors assist with: Work internships, volunteer opportunities Supported employment Recreation Independent living Development of self-advocacy skills

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Finding, Getting and Keeping a Job: An OPS

Focus Area

Preparing for an internship interview Shaking hands properly

Looking and acting professional

Eye contact

Hygiene

Research company in advance

Positive answers to boilerplate questions…

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Tell me about your strengths…

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What to say, what not to say…

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VeryConcrete-Literal

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Describe how you are as a team player

a. Teams are kind of bad. Sometimes people don’t know what they’re doing. Sometimes everyone is working on the same thing. And sometimes one person does all the work.

b. I have been on many teams, working on group assignments in some of my classes. I do well on teams when I know what my role is – then I can get my part done and contribute to the team effort.

c. I’d rather work by myself.

d. Teams are not my favorite thing, but I’ll be on a team if I have to.

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Why should we hire you?

a. I have taken numerous courses in topics that relate to your business and received a good grade in all of those courses.

b. I am guessing that I am the smartest applicant.

c. Because I read about this stuff for fun. I love it. This is what I do, what I think, what I know. I love it.

d. Because I turned in my application on time and now I’m here for the interview.

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Conclusion

As educators, it is our responsibility to support and empower students on the spectrum who are coming to college, seeking employment, pursuing their dreams…

With the supports we are providing these students, we are facilitating their…

…opportunities for postsecondary successOPS

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Self-Advocacy Resources

accessproject.colostate.educcp.colostate.edu

UDL Modules Universally designed Word, PowerPoint, HTML

and PDF

SA Resources Disability Information for Faculty SA Handbook for College Students with

Disabilities (helpful information for students, parents, secondary education teachers and counselors, university faculty)

OPSCathy Schelly

[email protected] 970-491-0225

Craig [email protected]

Thank you!

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References

Barnhill, Hagiwara, Myles & Simpson (2000). Asperger syndrome: A study of the cognitive profiles of 37 children and adolescents. Forum on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 15(3), 146-153.

Burgstahler & Cory (2008). Universal design in higher education: From principles to practice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

Field, Sarver & Shaw (2003). Self-Determination: A Key to Success in Postsecondary Education for Students with Learning Disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 24(6), 339-349.

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References

Glennon (2001). The stress of the universitiy experience for students with Asperger Syndrome. Work, 17, 183-190.

Izzo & Lamb (2002). Self-determination and career development: Skills for successful transition to postsecondary education and employment. A white paper for the Post-School Outcomes Network of the National Center on Secondary Education and Transition (NCSET) at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. http://www.ncset.hawaii.edu/Publications/

Lotkowski, Robbins, Noeth (2004) The Role of Academic and Non-academic Factors in Improving College Retention. ACT Policy Report.

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References

National Center for Education Statistics, 2008

Rose, D., et al. (2006). Universal design for learning in postsecondary education: Reflections on principles and their application. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 19(2), 135-151.

Schelly, C., Davies, P., & Spooner, C. (2011). Student Perceptions of Faculty Implementation of Universal Design for Learning. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 24(1), 17-28.

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References

Shore, S. (2010). Helping your child to help him/her self: Beginning self-advocacy (Autism Asperger.net). Retrieved 3/7/11 from http://www.autismasperger.net/writings_self_advocacy.

Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the cause and cures of student attrition. Chicago: University of Chicago.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2009.

VanBergeijk, E., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. (2008). Supporting more able students on the autism spectrum: College and beyond. Journal of Autism Developmental Discord, 38, 1359-1370.