Opermgt 345 Shannon January, 2001 1 Project Management Basic Concepts Opermgt 345 January, 2001.

1Opermgt 345 Shannon January, 2001

Project ManagementBasic Concepts

Opermgt 345

January, 2001


What is a Project?

A Project is a series of activities and tasks that:

Have a specific objective to be completed with certain objectives

Have a defined start and end dates

Have funding limits (if applicable)

Consume Resources


Typical Project Structure

ProjectDefinition

ProjectDefinition

ProjectPlanning

ProjectPlanning

ProjectImplementation


ProjectMonitoring

ProjectMonitoring

ProjectAdjustment

ProjectAdjustment

ProjectEvaluation

ProjectEvaluation


Project Life CycleR

esou

rces

and

Eff

ort

Phase 1

•Goals•Scope•Baseline•Requirements•Feasibility•Desirability

ConceptualDesign

Phase 2

AdvancedDevelopment

•Plan•Budget•Schedule•Management Commitment

Phase 3

DetailedDesign

•Define Responsibility•Team•Organization Structure•Detailed Plan•Kickoff

Phase 4


•Manage•Measure•Control•Update and Modify Plan•Problem Solve

ProjectTermination

Phase 5

•Closeout•Document•Suggest Improvements•Reassign•Dissolve Project Team


Successful Projects

A successful project is one which achieves the following objectives:

– Completed On Time– Completed Within Cost– Meets Performance Criteria– Minimum Disruption of the Main Work of the

Organization– Effective Utilization of Resources


The Triple Play ofProject Management

Constraints

Time Cost

Performance


Triple Constraint Trade-offs

Budget

ScheduleEarly Late TIME

$

Performance Specifications

Better

Worse


Major causes of failure

Selection of a unsound projectSelecting the wrong person as a project

managerLack of support from upper managementMisused management techniquesProject termination not planned


Project Definition

Build Canoe Rental Building onCoeur d A’lene Lake


Form Project Team

•Select Project Leader

•Identify Key People

•Gain Management Commitment

•Define Project Team Operating Rules


The Top Level Project Tasks

Brainstormthe

Major Tasks

Brainstormthe

Major Tasks

EstablishWork Flow

EstablishWork Flow

AB

C

D E F

G


Define Top Level TasksCanoe Example

Site Preparation

Build Dock

Build Building

Finish and Ready for Business


Sequence Top Level Tasks

Site Preparation

Build Dock

Build Building

Finish


Sub-Tasks

A

B

C

D E F

G

Detailed Tasks

Detailed Tasks

Develop Work Sequence


Brainstorm Sub-Tasks

Site Preparation Build Dock Build Building Finish

Dock Site

Building Site

Install Pilings

Build Dock

Foundation

Frame

Roof

Power

Siding

Paint

Order Canoes

Landscape

AssembleCanoes

Open forBusiness


Work Breakdown Structure

Top Level Task

2nd LevelTask

2nd LevelTask

2nd LevelTask

2nd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

3rd LevelTask

Lower Level Tasks


Sequence Sub-TasksTask Description Immediate Predecessor

A Prepare Dock Site - B Prepare Hut Site - C Install Dock Pilings A D Foundation for Hut B E Build Dock C F Frame Hut D G Power to Hut D H Side the Hut F I Roof the Hut F J Order Canoes and Receive Canoes - K Paint Hut H L Assemble Canoes J M Finish Landscaping L,I,K,E,G N Open for Business M


Build Network Diagram(PERT Chart)

(Activities on Arrows)

1

A Prepare Dock Site - B Prepare Hut Site - C Install Dock Pilings A D Foundation for Hut B E Build Dock C F Frame Hut D G Power to Hut D H Side the Hut F I Roof the Hut F J Order Canoes and Receive Canes - K Paint Hut H L Assemble Canoes J M Finish Landscaping L,I,K,E,G N Open for Business M

Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site


Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

J


Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J

B

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D

HutFoundation


Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J

B

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D

HutFoundation

5C

Install Pilings9

E

Build Dock


Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J

B

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D

HutFoundation

5C

Install Pilings9

E

Build Dock

G

Power To H

ut A Prepare Dock Site - B Prepare Hut Site - C Install Dock Pilings A D Foundation for Hut B E Build Dock C F Frame Hut D G Power to Hut D H Side the Hut F I Roof the Hut F J Order Canoes and Receive Canes - K Paint Hut H L Assemble Canoes J M Finish Landscaping L,I,K,E,G N Open for Business M

Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J

B

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D

HutFoundation

5C

Install Pilings9

E

Build Dock

G

Power To H

ut

LAssemble Canoes


Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J

B

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D

HutFoundation

5C

Install Pilings9

E

Build Dock

G

Power To H

ut

LAssemble Canoes

7F

Frame Hut

Roof

I


Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J

B

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D

HutFoundation

5C

Install Pilings

7F

Frame Hut8

H

Side Hut

9E

Build Dock

G

Power To H

ut

I Roof

K Paint Hut

LAssemble Canoes


Task Predecessor



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J

B

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D

HutFoundation

5C

Install Pilings

7F

Frame Hut8

H

Side Hut

9E

Build Dock

G

Power To H

ut

I Roof

K Paint Hut

LAssemble Canoes

10M

FinishLandscape

11N

Open forBusiness


Task Predecessor


Build Network Diagram(PERT Chart) Canoe ExampleAdd Times

1 3A (3)

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J (2)

B (4)

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D (3)

HutFoundation

5C (6)

Install Pilings

7F (3)

Frame Hut8

H (2)

Side Hut

9E (4)

Build Dock

G (2)

Power To H

ut

I (2) Roof

K (4)Paint Hut

L (10)Assemble Canoes

10M (4)

FinishLandscape

11N (2)

Open forBusiness

A Prepare Dock Site 3 d B Prepare Hut Site 4 d C Install Dock Pilings 6 d D Foundation for Hut 3 d E Build Dock 4 d F Frame Hut 3 d G Power to Hut 2 d H Side the Hut 2 d I Roof the Hut 3 d J Order Canoes 2 d K Paint Hut 4 d L Assemble Canoes 10 d M Finish Landscaping 4 d NOpen for Business 2 d

Task Description Time



1 3A

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J

B

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D

HutFoundation

5C

Install Pilings

7F

Frame Hut8

H

Side Hut

9E

Build Dock

G

Power To H

ut

I Roof

K Paint Hut

LAssemble Canoes

10M

FinishLandscape

11N

Open forBusiness


Task Predecessor


Build Network Diagram(PERT Chart) Canoe ExampleAdd Times

1 3A (3)

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J (2)

B (4)

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D (3)

HutFoundation

5C (6)

Install Pilings

7F (3)

Frame Hut8

H (2)

Side Hut

9E (4)

Build Dock

G (2)

Power To H

ut

I (2) Roof

K (4)Paint Hut


10M (4)

FinishLandscape

11N (2)

Open forBusiness

A Prepare Dock Site 3 d B Prepare Hut Site 4 d C Install Dock Pilings 6 d D Foundation for Hut 3 d E Build Dock 4 d F Frame Hut 3 d G Power to Hut 2 d H Side the Hut 2 d I Roof the Hut 3 d J Order Canoes 2 d K Paint Hut 4 d L Assemble Canoes 10 d M Finish Landscaping 4 d NOpen for Business 2 d

Task Description Time


Determining Project Length

Option 1: Sum all the task durations: A Prepare Dock Site - 3 d B Prepare Hut Site - 4 d C Install Dock Pilings A 6 d D Foundation for Hut B 3 d E Build Dock C 4 d F Frame Hut D 3 d G Power to Hut D 2 d H Side the Hut F 2 d I Roof the Hut F 3 d J Order Canoes and Receive Canoes - 2 d K Paint Hut H 4 d L Assemble Canoes J 10 d M Finish Landscaping L,I,K,E,G 4 d N Open for Business M 2 d

Sum = 52 daysAnything wrong with this approach?


Determining Project Length

Option 2: Determine duration of each network path


Network DiagramProject Paths

1 3A (3)

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J (2)

B (4)

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D (3)

HutFoundation

5C (6)

Install Pilings

7F (3)

Frame Hut8

H (2)

Side Hut

9E (4)

Build Dock

G (2)

Power To H

ut

I (2) Roof

K (4)Paint Hut


10M (4)

FinishLandscape

11N (2)

Open forBusiness

Paths:

A-C-E-M-N = 19 days


1 3A (3)

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J (2)

B (4)

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D (3)

HutFoundation

5C (6)

Install Pilings

7F (3)

Frame Hut8

H (2)

Side Hut

9E (4)

Build Dock

G (2)

Power To H

ut

I (2) Roof

K (4)Paint Hut


10M (4)

FinishLandscape

11N (2)

Open forBusiness

Paths:

A-C-E-M-N = 19 daysB-D-F-H-K-M-N = 22 days



1 3A (3)

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J (2)

B (4)

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D (3)

HutFoundation

5C (6)

Install Pilings

7F (3)

Frame Hut8

H (2)

Side Hut

9E (4)

Build Dock

G (2)

Power To H

ut

I (2) Roof

K (4)Paint Hut


10M (4)

FinishLandscape

11N (2)

Open forBusiness

Paths:

A-C-E-M-N = 19 daysB-D-F-H-K-M-N = 22 daysB-D-F-I-M-N = 18 days



1 3A (3)

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J (2)

B (4)

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D (3)

HutFoundation

5C (6)

Install Pilings

7F (3)

Frame Hut8

H (2)

Side Hut

9E (4)

Build Dock

G (2)

Power To H

ut

I (2) Roof

K (4)Paint Hut


10M (4)

FinishLandscape

11N (2)

Open forBusiness

Paths:

A-C-E-M-N = 19 daysB-D-F-H-K-M-N = 22 daysB-D-F-J-M-N = 18 daysB-D-G-M-N = 15 days



1 3A (3)

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J (2)

B (4)

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D (3)

HutFoundation

5C (6)

Install Pilings

7F (3)

Frame Hut8

H (2)

Side Hut

9E (4)

Build Dock

G (2)

Power To H

ut

J (2) Roof

K (4)Paint Hut


10M (4)

FinishLandscape

11N (2)

Open forBusiness

Paths:

A-C-E-M-N = 19 daysB-D-F-H-K-M-N = 22 daysB-D-F-J-M-N = 18 daysB-D-G-M-N = 15 daysJ-L-M-N = 18 days



Critical Path

The Critical Path is the Longest PathThrough the Network.


1 3A (3)

Prep Dock Site

2

Order

Canoes

4

J (2)

B (4)

Prepare

Hut S

ite

6

D (3)

HutFoundation

5C (6)

Install Pilings

7F (3)

Frame Hut8

H (2)

Side Hut

9E (4)

Build Dock

G (2)

Power To H

ut

I (2) Roof

K (4)Paint Hut


10M (4)

FinishLandscape

11N (2)

Open forBusiness

Network Diagram Canoe ExampleCritical Path

Paths:

A-C-E-M-N = 19 daysB-D-F-H-K-M-N = 22 daysB-D-F-J-M-N = 18 daysB-D-G-M-N = 15 daysJ-L-M-N = 18 days


Completed Task Timetable

Task Description Immediate Predecessor Time ES LS EF LF

A Prepare Dock Site - 3 d 0 3 3 6 B Prepare Hut Site - 4 d 0 0 4 4 C Install Dock Pilings A 6 d 3 6 9 12 D Foundation for Hut B 3 d 4 4 7 7 E Build Dock C 4 d 9 12 13 16 F Frame Hut D 3 d 7 7 10 10 G Power to Hut D 2 d 7 14 9 16 H Side the Hut F 2 d 10 10 12 12 I Roof the Hut F 3 d 10 13 13 16 J Order Canoes and Receive Canoes - 2 d 0 4 2 6 K Paint Hut H 4 d 12 12 16 16 L Assemble Canoes J 10 d 2 6 12 16 M Finish Landscaping L,I,K,E,G 4 d 16 16 20 20 N Open for Business M 2 d 20 20 22 22


Slack Time

Total Slack = The length of time an activity can bedelayed without affecting the projectcompletion time.

Total Slack = Late Start - Early Start

Total Slack = Late Finish - Early FinishFor Critical Activities

Free Slack = The time a task can be delayed without delaying another task.


Slack Time

Task Description Immediate Predecessor Time ES LS EF LF Slack

A Prepare Dock Site - 3 d 0 3 3 6 3 B Prepare Hut Site - 4 d 0 0 4 4 0 C Install Dock Pilings A 6 d 3 6 9 12 3 D Foundation for Hut B 3 d 4 4 7 7 0 E Build Dock C 4 d 9 12 13 16 3 F Frame Hut D 3 d 7 7 10 10 0 G Power to Hut D 2 d 7 14 9 16 7 H Side the Hut F 2 d 10 10 12 12 0 I Roof the Hut F 3 d 10 13 13 16 3 J Order Canoes and Receive Canoes - 2 d 0 4 2 6 4 K Paint Hut H 4 d 12 12 16 16 0 L Assemble Canoes J 10 d 2 6 12 16 4 M Finish Landscaping L,I,K,E,G 4 d 16 16 20 20 0 N Open for Business M 2 d 20 20 22 22 0


Critical Path Tasks

Critical Path = All tasks with slack = zero


Critical Path Tasks

Task Description Immediate Predecessor Time ES LS EF LF Slack

A Prepare Dock Site - 3 d 0 3 3 6 3 B Prepare Hut Site - 4 d 0 0 4 4 0 *** C Install Dock Pilings A 6 d 3 6 9 12 3 D Foundation for Hut B 3 d 4 4 7 7 0 *** E Build Dock C 4 d 9 12 13 16 3 F Frame Hut D 3 d 7 7 10 10 0 *** G Power to Hut D 2 d 7 14 9 16 7 H Side the Hut F 2 d 10 10 12 12 0 *** I Roof the Hut F 3 d 10 13 13 16 3 J Order Canoes and Receive Canoes - 2 d 0 4 2 6 4 K Paint Hut H 4 d 12 12 16 16 0 *** L Assemble Canoes J 10 d 2 6 12 16 4 M Finish Landscaping L,I,K,E,G 4 d 16 16 20 20 0 *** N Open for Business M 2 d 20 20 22 22 0 ***

Critical Path = B - D - F - H - K - M - N

Opermgt 345 Shannon January, 2001 1 Project Management Basic Concepts Opermgt 345 January, 2001.

Documents

project leader

unsound project

level project tasks

dissolve project team

project termination

form project team

project team operating

business slide