Operator Challenges Meeting Both Drinking Water and Wastewater Needs Vanessa Wike, P.E. Drinking Water Program Statewide Engineering Coordinator (907) 269-7696 555 Cordova St. Anchorage, AK 99501 [email protected]Department of Environmental Conservation Sustained Compliance for Public Water Systems, Chapter 2 Anchorage, Alaska September 29, 2011 James MacInnis, P.E. Wastewater Program Statewide Engineering Coordinator (907) 269-4874 555 Cordova St. Anchorage, AK 99501 [email protected]
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Operator Challenges Meeting Both Drinking Water and Wastewater Needs Vanessa Wike, P.E. Drinking Water Program Statewide Engineering Coordinator (907)
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Operator ChallengesMeeting Both Drinking Water and Wastewater Needs
Vanessa Wike, P.E.Drinking Water ProgramStatewide Engineering Coordinator(907) 269-7696555 Cordova St.Anchorage, AK [email protected]
Department of Environmental ConservationSustained Compliance for Public Water Systems, Chapter 2Anchorage, AlaskaSeptember 29, 2011
James MacInnis, P.E.Wastewater ProgramStatewide Engineering Coordinator(907) 269-4874555 Cordova St.Anchorage, AK [email protected]
• Water WastewaterUnintended Impacts to Wastewater System
• Filter Discharges• System Discharges (Disinfection, Flushing, Leaks)
• Water WastewaterIncreased Risk of Contamination
• Water / Wastewater Separation Issues• Cross Connection Control• Drains
Drinking Water Engineering
Goals- Public Health
Activities- Plan Review- Inspections- Technical Assistance
“At any given time, half of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.” (2006 United Nations Human Development Report)
Northern/Fairbanks Office610 University Ave Fairbanks, AK 99709
Mat-Su Office1700 E. Bogard Rd , Bldg B, Suite 103 Wasilla, AK 99654
Juneau Office (wastewater only)410 Willoughby Ave., Suite 303 Juneau, AK 99801
Kenai/Southeast Office43335 Kalifornsky Beach Rd., Ste 11 Soldotna, AK 99669
Southcentral/Anchorage Office555 Cordova Street Anchorage, AK 99501
MAILING ADDRESSES
Kena
i/So
uthe
ast
DRINKING WATER ENGINEERS
Wastewater Engineering
Goals- Public Health- Environment
Activities- Plan Review
- Permits- Technical Assistance
Drinking Water Wastewater
SourceTreatment & Storage Distribution
Treatment & Storage
Collection
Discharge“At any given time, half of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.” (2006 United Nations Human Development Report)
Filter Operations
Conventional, Direct, Green Sand
Membrane
Iron Oxide Media
Ion Exchange (water softeners)
System Discharges
operations, disinfection,
flushing, leaks
Drinking Water Wastewater
Filter Discharges
• “Filter to Waste” flows
• Typically less concentrated
contaminants, but possible
sediment, sludge
Conventional, Direct, Green Sand
• Big backwash flows periodically (15 gpm, for 15-20 minutes)
Filter Backwash Pond
Filter Discharges, cont.
Membrane
• Reject water flows constantly
• Chemically concentrated
Filter Discharges, cont.
Iron Oxide Media
• Big flows periodically, may
contain Arsenic
Ion Exchange (water softeners)• Periodic flows, usually minimal• Small amounts of
Calcium/Magnesium/Iron and possibly Arsenic
System DischargesOther issues :• Sludge (possibly, for systems adding a coagulant)
• Disinfection & Flushing
• Leaks
Discharges to Wastewater
Checklist
• WHERE is it going?
• HOW MUCH (volume) is being generated?
• WHAT is in the backwash water?
Discharge Requirements
• To Groundwater (drain field, percolation pond, etc.)
– Meet Drinking Water Standards– Plan Review
• To Surface Water (stream, lake, ocean, etc.)
– APDES Permit is required– Plan Review– Salmon Stream Restrictions
Discharge Limits
• Groundwater– Drinking Water Standards
• Surface Water– No Impairment of water body– Case-by-case basis (APDES)– Water Quality Standards, 18 AAC 70
Potential Cross Contamination
Separation Distances
Water Source
Public Water Line
Cross Connection Control
Backflow Prevention
Drains
Drinking Water Wastewater
Potential Cross Contamination
Separation Distances
Water Source vs. Wastewater
Public Water Lines vs. Wastewater
Cross Connection Control
Backflow Prevention
Drains
Required Separation Distances
Only 62% of the world’s population has access to improved sanitation – defined as a sanitation facility that ensures hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. UNICEF/WHO. 2008.
Water System
Community Sewer Line , Wastewater Holding Tank & “Other”
Treatment & Disposal System (Septic Tank, Absorption Field) Community Sewer Cleanout
This is a summary. For a complete set of separation distance requirements, refer to Drinking Water Regulations 18 AAC 80, and Wastewater Regulations 18 AAC 72.If you have any questions or concerns about meeting a separation distance requirement, please contact an Drinking Water or Wastewater Engineer BEFORE construction.
SummaryProtect your wastewater system• Don’t poison your system (pretreatment)
Protect your environment
• Keep inadequately treated sewage off the ground, out of groundwater and out of surface water
Protect your drinking water
• Don’t contaminate your drinking water by connecting it to wastewater
The majority of the illness in the world is caused by fecal matter.Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) 2008.