Operating Systems Mac, PC, Unix,…. September 17, 2003Riad S. Twal2 In the Beginning was the Command Line – Neal Stephenson Jobs & Wozniak – Apple Original.

Operating Operating SystemsSystems

Mac, PC, Unix,…Mac, PC, Unix,…

September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 2

In the Beginning was the In the Beginning was the Command Line – Command Line – Neal StephensonNeal Stephenson

Jobs & Wozniak – Apple Original idea to sell information processing

machines for home use Gates & Allen – Microsoft

sell the operating system At least a computer has a physical presence Xerox – Where it all reallyreally began

September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 3

Operating SystemOperating System

What is it? A very long string of 1’s and 0’s

What does it do? Allows users to manipulate other very long strings

of 1’s and 0’s

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What is an Operating What is an Operating System?System?

<operating system> (OS)<operating system> (OS) The low-level software which handles the interface to peripheral hardware, schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user when no application application programprogram is running.

September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 5

What is an Operating What is an Operating System?System? The OS may be split into a kernelkernel which is

always present and various system programs which use facilities provided by the kernel to perform higher-level house-keeping tasks, often acting as serversservers in a client-serverclient-server relationship.

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What is an Operating What is an Operating System?System? Some would include a graphical user graphical user

interfaceinterface and window systemwindow system as part of the OS, others would not. The operating system operating system loaderloader, BIOSBIOS, or other firmwarefirmware required at boot timeboot time or when installing the operating system would generally not be considered part of the operating system, though this distinction is unclear in the case of a rommable operating systemrommable operating system such as RISC RISC OSOS.

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OS Examples…OS Examples…

386BSD, Amoeba, Angel, Artemis microkernel, BeOS, Brazil, COS, CP/M, CTSS, Chorus, DACNOS, DOS, DOSEXEC 2, GCOS, GEOS, ITS, Linux, LynxOS, MPV, MS-DOS, MVS, Mach, MINIX, MS-DOS, Multics, Multipop-68, Novell NetWare, OS-9, OSX, OS/2, Pick, Plan 9, QNX, RISC OS, SPARK (Small

Portable Adjustable Real-time Kernel), STING, System V, TOPS-10, TOPS-20, TYMCOM-X, Unix, VM/CMS, VAX, VMS, VRTX, VSTa, VxWorks, WAITS, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows CeMeNT

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DOS CommandsDOS Commands

Command Prompt from Windows Start – Run – Command This is a DOS prompt, DOS is running in the

background, WinXP or Win2000 or … is still running in the foreground

Time Date Ping – ping www.yahoo.com http://www.easydos.com/dosindex.html

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What is UI?What is UI?

User interfaceLine commandsText menu Icon menu ‘Click-able’ icons

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Xerox PARCXerox PARC

Palo Alto Research Center 1st to get into UI (User Interface) and GUI

(Graphical User Interface) First started in 1970’sWIMP (windows, icons, menus and

pointers/pull-down menus) paradigmXerox 8010 'Star' system in 1981 (WIMP)

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Mac 1984…Mac 1984…

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Mac OSX…Mac OSX…

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Microsoft DOS (MS-Dos)Microsoft DOS (MS-Dos)

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Microsoft Windows 1…Microsoft Windows 1…

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Microsoft Windows 95…Microsoft Windows 95…

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Linux…Linux…

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The MacThe Mac http://www.apple-history.com/index.html

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The PCThe PC http://www.viewz.com/netscape/buyingguides/os.shtml http://www.computerhope.com/history/windows.htm http://ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/timeline-OS.html http://ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/timeline-

QUOTES.html http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-

system.htm

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UNIX and the like…UNIX and the like… http://www.computerhope.com/history/unix.htm http://www.computerhope.com/history/198090.htm

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Installing Windows OS

‘Clean’ install Existing OS is completely

erased Any files on the HDD are

completely erased Optimum performance

Boot from OS Install CD or DOS floppy

‘Upgrade’ install There is an existing OS Existing files not erased Less than optimum

performance

Boot to existing OS, upgrade from CD

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In the beginning…In the beginning…

Cryptonomiconhttp://www.cryptonomicon.com/beginning.html

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ResourcesResources

http://www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=operating%20system

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/using/howto/gettingstarted/guide/default.asp