Operating systems

OPERATING SYSTEMS

MADE BY :-ALOK TIWARISAGAR SONI

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system. A user cannot run an application program on the computer without an operating system

WHAT IS An OPERATING SYSTEMS ?

TYPES1. Real-time:-

A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications.

2. Multi –User:-A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable a multiple user access to a computer through the sharing of time.

3. Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking:-

When only a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under a single-tasking system. However, when the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system.

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM1. Resource Management:-The resource management function of an OS allocates computer resources such as CPU time, main memory, secondary storage, and input and output devices for use.

2. Data Management:-The data management functions of an OS govern the input and output of the data and their location, storage, and retrieval.

3. Job (task) Management:-The job management function of an OS prepares, schedules, controls, and monitors jobs submitted for execution to ensure the most efficient processing. A job is a collection of one or more related programs and their data.

Interfaces in Operating System

There are two types of interface:-

1. Command line Interface2. Graphical user interface

Command-line InterfaceA CLI (command line interface) is a user

interface to a computer's operating system or an application in which the user responds to a visual prompt by typing in a command on a specified line, receives a response back from the system, and then enters another command, and so forth. The MS-DOS Prompt application in a Windows operating system is an example of the provision of a command line interface.

Preview of command-line interface

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACEIn computing, a graphical user interface (GUI,

sometimes pronounced gooey) is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and office equipment . A GUI represents the information and actions available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. The actions are usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements

PREVIEW OF GRPAHICAL USER INTERFACE

SOME POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS

UNIX:-

Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as UNIX) is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie The Unix operating system was first developed in assembly language, but by 1973 had been almost entirely recoded in C, greatly facilitating its further development and porting to other hardware.

MS-DOS:-

MS-DOS ( short for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system for personal computers. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems, and was the main operating system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s to the mid 1990s, until it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in particular by various generations of the Microsoft Windows operating system.

WINDOWS:-

Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer market, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. FOLLOWING ARE THE VERSIONS OF WINDOWS1.WINDOWS XP2.WINDOWS VISTA3.WINDOWS 7

SCREENSHOT OF WINDOWS

LINUX:-Linux (often pronounced LIH-nuhks with a short "i") is a Unix-like operatingsystem that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux‘ kernel (the central part of the operating system) was developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland. To complete the operating system, Torvald and other team members made use of system components developed by members of the Free Software Foundation for the GNU Project.Linux is a remarkably complete operating system, including a graphical user interface

SCREENSHOT OF LINUX:-

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