Operating system

Operating Systems

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell

• Types of OS• Manufacturers and Families of Operating Systems• What Does an Operating System Do for the User?• Memory Management \ Process Management.• OS Interfacing with Users• OS Interfacing with Hardware• OS Saving Data• OS Provides a Platform for Software Applications.• OS Ability to Configure and Customise


Operating Systems – Lesson 7


OS basicsAn operating system is the core software that allows the computer to run as a useful device.

The OS connects up the hardware in a computer.


OS basics- What does an OS do? Page 54

1. Managing installed applications

2. Managing inputs and Outputs (known as I/O)

3. Manage Memory

4. Manage the Central Processing Unit

5. Manage Storage

User

Application

Operating System

Hardware


OS basics Page 55GUI = Graphical User Interface User Friendly, WIMP (window, icon, menu, pointing) Interface. High System Requirements

CLI = Command Line Interface Powerful but Require Knowledge, Learn Commands. Low System . Low System Requirements

An OS will only work with a certain line of CPUs and architecture which share a common instruction set. Remember to check 64 or 32bit when purchasing a Operating system

Microsoft Windows OS work with the 32 and 64 CPUs. Apple MAC OS used to work only with Motorola CPUs but have now migrated to Intel CPUs.

Operating System (OS) Compatibility:


OS basics Page 55The kernel is responsible for

1) Loading and Unloading applications from memory

2) Scheduling task to run on the CPU

3) File Management

4) Data Security

The kernel connects the system hardware to the

application software.

User

Application

Operating System

Hardware

Kernel

Kernel


OS basics – Roles


OS basics - Memory management Memory management ensures that each

process has memory needed to execute

This includes system RAM, virtual memory

and CPU cache

Memory management will constantly

monitor system memory.

· It will place jobs that need processing into

memory

· Check any free space made after jobs

have been completed which can then be

filled by new jobs.

Memory management will also make sure

that memory doesn't get stolen by wayward

applications


OS basics - Process manager

Process manager organises the Central

Processing Unit (CPU)

It manages each job in memory and places

them into CPU process queue

Once each job is processed the next

queued job is processed and so on.

The process manager will make sure that

jobs are organised and processed in order.


OS basics - Device managerInput/Output

The Device manager interfaces with the

computer hardware. It manages each

device installed taking their request for

processing and handing them over to the

process manager. Sometimes they need

instant processing. These are called

interrupt requests. They are given top

priority and moved into the start of the

process queue.


OS basics - Device managerInput/Output


OS basics – File Manager

The file manager organises files stored on

the hard drive. It scans all files and see

what they requires. exe files will launch and

install. txt files will need to launch an

application to view and edit them

It sets permission on these files. Read

allows users to read but not modify the file.

Write allows users to read and edit the file

and finally execute launches installations.


OS basics – File Systems

We have a book shelf.

We buy the complete series

of Harry Potter. 7 books in

total of various physical

seizes.

They are placed anywhere we

have room for them in our

shelf.

We need to get access to the

books, we need to keep a

system showing where they

are.


OS basics – File Systems

Like Harry Potter in our book shelf, files on a

hard drive could be spread out across many

clusters.

A File system is a way to control how

information is stored and retrieved

It describes where one piece of data starts and

ends

Which file system a system uses depends on

what it has been formatted in.


OS basics Page 56FAT16 \ FAT32 File System (File Allocation

Table)

FAT16 = 8.3 Naming Convention =

WILTSCO~1.DOC

FAT32 = Long Filenames = Wiltscoll.doc

Native for Legacy Home Operating Systems:

Win 3x, Win 95, Win 98, Win Me.

Floppy Disks.

USB Pen Drives (Under 4gB)

NTFS File System (New Technology File System)

Native for Current Home and Business Operating

Systems:

Win NT, Win 2K, Win XP, Win Server 2008, Win Vista,

Win 7, Win 8, Win Server 2012

USB Pen Drives (Over 4gB)

ReFS (Resilient File System)

Native for Latest Home and Business Operating

Systems:

Win 8, Win 8.1, Win Server 2012

ReFS Features

Storage Spaces – Pool HDD Space

Integrity, Availability, Scalability, App Compatibility,

ProActive Error Identification.

Features the same as NTFS – BitLocker Encryption,

ACLs for Security, USN Journal, Symbolic Links,

Junction Points, Mount Points, Reparse Points, Volume

Snapshots, File IDs, Oplocks, Change Notifications.


Types of Operating Systems

Real-time operating system

Single-user, single taskSingle-user, multi-tasking

Multi-user

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