Openness

By

Adnan Ahmed Qatinah

OPENNESS IN ARAB REGION

Openness

• The Openness Index is an economic metric calculated as

the ratio of country's total trade, the sum of exports plus

imports, to the country's gross domestic product (GDP)

http://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary/o.html#openness

Source: Hassan Hakimian, 2000.

Degree of Openness - Selected Regions, 1999-2010

Source: World Bank database, http://databank.worldbank.org

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 -

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

MENA Latin America and Caribbean South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia and Pacific European Union

% G

DP

Degree of Openness – Algeria, 1988-2010

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20100%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Algeria Linear (Algeria)

Source: World Bank database, http://databank.worldbank.org

Degree of Openness – Egypt, 1988-2010

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20100%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Egypt Linear (Egypt)

Source: World Bank database, http://databank.worldbank.org

Degree of Openness – Lebanon, 1988-2010

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20100%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Lebanon Linear (Lebanon)

Source: World Bank database, http://databank.worldbank.org

Degree of Openness – Syria, 1988-2010

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20100%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Syria Linear (Syria)

Source: World Bank database, http://databank.worldbank.org

Degree of Openness – Yemen, 1988-2010

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20100%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Yemen Linear (Yemen)

Source: World Bank database, http://databank.worldbank.org

Degree of Openness – our countries, 1988-2010

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Algeria Egypt Lebanon Syria Yemen

Source: World Bank database, http://databank.worldbank.org

Gegree of the Openness in GCC

2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Openness degree of the GCC

Bahrain Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia UAE

OCA criteria: Openness Small open economies

CountryGDP

Bn USDTrade

Bn USDOpenness% of GDP

Intra-GCC% of trade

Bahrain 15 21 133% 16.3%

Kuwait 94 74 78% 4.8%

Oman 35 32 91% 17.2%

Qatar 52 44 85% 7.4%

Saudi Arabia 346 250 72% 4.3%

UAE 158 247 157% 5.1%

GCC 701 668 95% 6.1%

World 48,121 24,365 51%

Source: Global Insight, IMF DOTS, Ecowin, 2008.