This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0 ) Dr. Harald Sack Hasso Plattner Institute for IT Systems Engineering University of Potsdam Spring 2013 Semantic Web Technologies Lecture 5: Knowledge Representations II 04: Web Ontology Language - OWL
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This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0)
Dr. Harald Sack
Hasso Plattner Institute for IT Systems Engineering
University of Potsdam
Spring 2013
Semantic Web Technologies
Lecture 5: Knowledge Representations II04: Web Ontology Language - OWL
Semantic Web Technologies , Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam
2
Lecture 5: Knowledge Representations II
Open HPI - Course: Semantic Web Technologies
Semantic Web Technologies , Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam
3
04 Web Ontology Language - OWLOpen HPI - Course: Semantic Web Technologies - Lecture 5: Knowledge Representations II
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
• OWL Ontology consists of
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
• OWL Ontology consists of
• Classes / properties / individuals (instances of classes)
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
• OWL Ontology consists of
• Classes / properties / individuals (instances of classes)
• Open World Assumption
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
• OWL Ontology consists of
• Classes / properties / individuals (instances of classes)
• Open World Assumption
• „Absence of information must not be valued as negative information.“
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
• OWL Ontology consists of
• Classes / properties / individuals (instances of classes)
• Open World Assumption
• „Absence of information must not be valued as negative information.“
• E.g.: sitsNextTo(PersonA, PersonB) PersonA may also sit next to another person…
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
• OWL Ontology consists of
• Classes / properties / individuals (instances of classes)
• Open World Assumption
• „Absence of information must not be valued as negative information.“
• E.g.: sitsNextTo(PersonA, PersonB) PersonA may also sit next to another person…
• No Unique Name Assumption
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
• OWL Ontology consists of
• Classes / properties / individuals (instances of classes)
• Open World Assumption
• „Absence of information must not be valued as negative information.“
• E.g.: sitsNextTo(PersonA, PersonB) PersonA may also sit next to another person…
• No Unique Name Assumption
• „Difference must be expressed explicitly“
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
4• OWL (SHOIN(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2004
• OWL 2 (SHROIQ(D))- W3C Recommendation since 2009
• OWL Ontology consists of
• Classes / properties / individuals (instances of classes)
• Open World Assumption
• „Absence of information must not be valued as negative information.“
• E.g.: sitsNextTo(PersonA, PersonB) PersonA may also sit next to another person…
• No Unique Name Assumption
• „Difference must be expressed explicitly“
• E.g.: PersonA possibly denotes the same individual as PersonB
OWL – Web Ontology Language
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
5
OWL – Web Ontology Language
• OWL is a semantic fragment of FOL
• OWL exists in different flavors
FOL
SWRL/RIF OWL Full
OWL DL
OWL Lite RDFS
ConceptHierarchies
OWL ELOWL RLOWL QL
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
5
OWL – Web Ontology Language
• OWL is a semantic fragment of FOL
• OWL exists in different flavors
• OWL Lite ⊆ OWL DL ⊆ OWL Full
FOL
SWRL/RIF OWL Full
OWL DL
OWL Lite RDFS
ConceptHierarchies
OWL ELOWL RLOWL QL
OWL1
OWL1Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam
Turmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
5
OWL – Web Ontology Language
• OWL is a semantic fragment of FOL
• OWL exists in different flavors
• OWL Lite ⊆ OWL DL ⊆ OWL Full
FOL
SWRL/RIF OWL Full
OWL DL
OWL Lite RDFS
ConceptHierarchies
OWL ELOWL RLOWL QL
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
6
OWL – Web Ontology Language
• OWL is a semantic fragment of FOL
• OWL exists in different flavors
• OWL Lite ⊆ OWL DL ⊆ OWL Full
• for OWL2:FOL
SWRL/RIF OWL Full
OWL DL
OWL Lite RDFSOWL ELOWL RLOWL QL
OWL2
ConceptHierarchies
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
6
OWL – Web Ontology Language
• OWL is a semantic fragment of FOL
• OWL exists in different flavors
• OWL Lite ⊆ OWL DL ⊆ OWL Full
• for OWL2:
• OWL EL, OWL RL, OWL QL ⊆ OWL DL ⊆ OWL Full
FOL
SWRL/RIF OWL Full
OWL DL
OWL Lite RDFSOWL ELOWL RLOWL QL
OWL2
ConceptHierarchies
OWL2Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam
Turmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
6
OWL – Web Ontology Language
• OWL is a semantic fragment of FOL
• OWL exists in different flavors
• OWL Lite ⊆ OWL DL ⊆ OWL Full
• for OWL2:
• OWL EL, OWL RL, OWL QL ⊆ OWL DL ⊆ OWL Full
FOL
SWRL/RIF OWL Full
OWL DL
OWL Lite RDFSOWL ELOWL RLOWL QL
OWL2
ConceptHierarchies
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
7
OWL 1 DL is based on SHOIN(D)
• Axioms
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
7
OWL 1 DL is based on SHOIN(D)
• Axioms
• TBox: subclass relationships C ⊑ D
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
7
OWL 1 DL is based on SHOIN(D)
• Axioms
• TBox: subclass relationships C ⊑ D
• RBox: subproperty relationships R ⊑ S (H),
inverse properties R- (I), transitivity ⊑+ (S)
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität PotsdamTurmbau zu Babel, Pieter Brueghel, 1563
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam
10
OWL 2 - Manchester Syntax
Class: Person Annotations: ... SubClassOf: owl:Thing that hasFirstName exactly 1 and hasFirstName only string[minLength 1] ,... SubClassOf: hasAge exactly 1 and hasAge only not NegInt,... SubClassOf: hasGender exactly 1 and hasGender only {female , male} ,... SubClassOf: not hates Self, ... EquivalentTo: g:People ,... DisjointWith: g:Rock , g:Mineral ,...
Individual: John Annotations: ... Types: Person , hasFirstName value "John" or hasFirstName value "Jack"^^xsd:string Facts: hasWife Mary, not hasChild Susan, hasAge 33, hasChild _:child1 SameAs: Jack ,... DifferentFrom: Susan ,...
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam
11
OWL 2 - Turtle Syntax
:HappyPerson a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ([ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasChild ; owl:allValuesFrom :HappyPerson ] [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasChild ; owl:someValuesFrom :HappyPerson ] ) ].
Vorlesung Semantic Web, Dr. Harald Sack, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam