OpenFlow/Software Defined Networks 1. Exec Summary OpenFlow/SDN enables innovations within – Enterprise, backbone, & data center networks – Represents.

OpenFlow/Software Defined Networks

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Exec Summary• OpenFlow/SDN enables innovations within

– Enterprise, backbone, & data center networks

– Represents a promising architecture direction

• Providers like it for their own reasons

– Enabling an ecosystem

• OpenFlow/SDN networks are being deployed

– R&E networks around the world

Time for regionals to get involved. Take advantage of GPO Solicitation 3.

Internet has many problems

Plenty of evidence and documentation

Internet’s “root cause problem”

It is Closed for Innovations

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Million of linesof source code

5400 RFCs Barrier to entry

Billions of gates Bloated Power Hungry

Many complex functions baked into the infrastructureOSPF, BGP, multicast, differentiated services,Traffic Engineering, NAT, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, …

An industry with a “mainframe-mentality”, reluctant to change

The Ossified Network

Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware

OperatingSystem

Feature Feature

Routing, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, …

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The SDN Approach

Separate control from the datapath– i.e. separate policy from mechanism

Datapath: Define minimal network instruction set– A set of “plumbling primitives”– A vendor-agnostic interface: OpenFlow

Control: Define a network-wide OS– An API that others can develop on

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Feature Feature





OperatingSystem

OperatingSystem

OperatingSystem

OperatingSystem

OperatingSystem

Network OS

Feature Feature

Feature Feature

Feature Feature

Feature Feature

Feature Feature

Restructured Network

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Feature Feature

Network OS

1. Open interface to hardware

3. Well-defined open API2. At least one Network OS

probably many.Open- and closed-source

The “Software-defined Network”

OpenFlow

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Simple PacketForwarding Hardware










OpenFlow Basics

Narrow, vendor-agnostic interface to control switches, routers, APs, basestations.

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Network OS

Step 1: Separate Control from Datapath

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OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

Step 2: Cache flow decisions in datapath

“If header = x, send to port 4”

“If header = ?, send to me”“If header = y, overwrite header with z, send to ports 5,6”

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OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

FlowTableFlowTable

Plumbing Primitives1. Match arbitrary bits in headers:

– Match on any header; or new header– Allows any flow granularity

2. Actions:– Forward to port(s), drop, send to controller– Overwrite header with mask, push or pop– Forward at specific bit-rate

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HeaderHeaderDataData

Match: 1000x01xx0101001x

Feature Feature

Network OS

1. Open interface to hardware

3. Well-defined open API2. At least one Network OS

probably many.Open- and closed-source

The “Software-defined Network”

OpenFlow

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Network Operating System 1

Open interface to hardware

Virtualization or “Slicing” Layer (FlowVisor)




Feature

Many operating systems, ormany versions

Open interface to hardware

Isolated “slices”











Feature Feature Feature

Some research examplesat Stanford

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FlowVisor Creates Virtual Networks

OpenFlowProtocol

FlowVisor

OpenPipesDemo

OpenFlow WirelessDemo

OpenFlowProtocol

PlugNServeLoad-balancer

OpenPipesPolicy

OpenPipesPolicy

Multiple, isolated slices in the same physical network

Multiple, isolated slices in the same physical networkOpenFlow

Switch

OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

[Sigcomm 2009 – Best Demo][Paper in submission]

Demo Infrastructure with Slicing

OpenPipesPartition hardware designs across a network

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[Sigcomm 2009 – 2nd Best Demo][Paper in submission]

Load-balancing as Network Primitive

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OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

OpenFlow Switch

InternetInternet

OpenFlow Switch

[Sigcomm 2009 Demo][Paper in preparation]

Goal: Minimize http response time over campus networkApproach: Route over path to jointly minimize <path latency, server latency>

Network OS

Load-Balancer

“Pick path & server”

Intercontinental VM MigrationMoved a VM from Stanford to Japan without changing its IP.

VM hosted a video game server with active network connections.

Moved a VM from Stanford to Japan without changing its IP.

VM hosted a video game server with active network connections.

[Sigcomm 2008– Best Demo]

Feature Feature

NOX

Converging Packet and Circuit Networks

IPRouter

IPRouter

TDMSwitchTDM

Switch

WDMSwitchWDMSwitch

WDMSwitchWDMSwitch

IPRouter

IPRouter

Goal: Common control plane for “Layer 3” and “Layer 1” networksApproach: Add OpenFlow to all switches; use common network OS

OpenFlowProtocol

OpenFlowProtocol

[Supercomputing 2009 Demo][OFC 2010]

ElasticTreeGoal: Reduce energy in data center networksApproach:

1. Reroute traffic2. Shut off links and switches to reduce power

[NSDI 2010]

Network OS

DCManager

“Pick paths”

ElasticTreeGoal: Reduce energy in data center networksApproach:

1. Reroute traffic2. Shut off links and switches to reduce power

[NSDI 2010]

XXXX XX

XX XXNetwork OS

DCManager

“Pick paths”









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New Data Center

Cost200,000 serversFanout of 20 10,000 switches$5k commercial switch $50M$1k custom-built switch $10M

Savings in 10 data centers = $400M

Control

•Optimize for features needed•Customize for services & apps•Quickly improve and innovate

The value prop applies to enterprise and service provider networks

Cellular Networks

• Recently made transition to IP

• Billions of mobile users

• Need to securely extract payments and hold users accountable

• IP is dreadful at both, yet hard to change

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Telco Operators e.g. AT&T, DT, NTT, …

• Global IP traffic will grow 5x by 2013

• End-customer monthly bill remains unchanged

• Therefore, CAPEX and OPEX need to be reduced 5x by 2013

• But in practice, reduces by <20% per year

Q: How can operators reduce cost?

Q: How can they differentiate their service?

A: SDN is a potential solution they want to explore

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• Now, introducing:

• Srini Seetharaman [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Matt Davy’s Strawman Approach to a Regional Deployment of OpenFlow

OpenFlow building blocks

ControllerNicira NOXNicira NOX

SlicingSoftwareFlowVisorFlowVisor

FlowVisorConsole

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ApplicationsLAVILAVIENVI (GUI)ENVI (GUI) GENI AggregateManager

GENI AggregateManagern-Castingn-Casting

NetFPGANetFPGASoftware Ref. SwitchSoftware

Ref. SwitchBroadcom Ref. SwitchBroadcom Ref. Switch

OpenWRTOpenWRT PCEngine WiFi AP

PCEngine WiFi AP

Commercial Switches Stanford Provided

OpenFlowSwitches

SNACSNAC

Stanford Provided

Monitoring/debugging toolsoflopsoflopsoftraceoftrace openseeropenseer

OpenVSwitchOpenVSwitch

HP, NEC, Pronto, Juniper.. and many more

HP, NEC, Pronto, Juniper.. and many more

OpenFlow Vendor Hardware

more to follow...

NEC IP8800HP ProCurve

5400 and others

JuniperMX-series

Cisco Catalyst 6k(prototype)Core

Router

EnterpriseCampusData Center

CircuitSwitch

Wireless

Pronto

Prototype Product

Ciena CoreDirector

WiMAX (NEC)

Arista 7100 series (Q4 2010)

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Commercial VendorsModel Price/Config Software Virtualize

HP Procurve 5400zl

~$4000 for 48x1Gbps

OF ver 1.0+ legacy

1 OF instance per VLAN

NEC IP8800 ~Ask NEC for 48x1Gbps + 2x10 Gbps

OF ver 1.0 + legacy

1 OF instance per virtual switch

Toroki Lightswitch 4810

~$4500 for 48x1Gbps + 2x10 Gbps

OF ver 0.8.9 + legacy

1 OF instance per virtual switch

Quanta LB4G with Stanford software

~$2500 for 48x1Gbps + 2x10 Gbps

OF ver 1.0(No legacy)

1 OF instance per switch

Ecosystem coming together

Data CenterGoogle, Amazon,

Microsoft, ..

NW ProviderDT, DoCoMo

(Level3, BT, Verizon,..)

Data CenterGoogle, Amazon,

Microsoft, ..

NW ProviderDT, DoCoMo

(Level3, BT, Verizon,..)

Providers

Researchers

Research & Education Networks

Researchers

Research & Education Networks

Academy

Chip Vendors

Switch/Router Vendors - Enterprise & Backbone - Packet & Circuit - Wireless

New Class

Chip Vendors

Switch/Router Vendors - Enterprise & Backbone - Packet & Circuit - Wireless

New Class

Vendors (Hardware/Software)

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Disclaimer: level of the interest differs









Eight universities and two national research backbones

OpenFlow as GENI Networking Substrate

OpenFlow Deployment at Stanford

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• OpenFlow-enabled buildings• Gates Computer Science Building• CIS EE Building• Packard EE Building (soon)

• 20 switches from NEC, HP and Pronto•50 OpenFlow enabled WiFi APs• WiMAX OpenFlow Service

KOREA OpenFlow Network

Seoul

Daejeon

Deagu

Busan

Gwangju

Suwon

Controller

VLAN on KOREN

OpenFlow Switch (Linux PC)

NOX OpenFlow Controller

TJB

TJB Broadcasting Company

Japan OpenFlow Network

Sapporo Studio

Asahi Broadcasting Cooperation (ABC) at Osaka, Japan

Sapporo Japan

Server

Data Transmission

An Experiment of OpenFlow-enabled Network (Feb. 2009 - Sapporo Snow Festival Video Transmission)

A video clip of Sapporo snow festival is transmitted to TJB (Daejeon, KOREA) via ABC server (Osaka, JAPAN).

Three New EU Projects:Ophelia, SPARC, CHANGE

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L2 Packet Wireless Routing

Pan-European experimental facility

L2 Packet Optics Content delivery

L2 Packet Shadow

networks

L2 L3Packet Optics Content delivery

L2 Packet Emulation Wireless Content

delivery

Current Trials• 68 trials/deployments spanning 13 countries

Campuses and Backbones are participating…

Time for regionals to deploy, experiment with and benefit

from OpenFlow/SDN

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Regional Opportunity

Partner with Stanford, network researchers, and industry to bring innovations to your network

and to your customers

Deploy OpenFlow packet and circuit infrastructureAllow researchers to innovate on top

Take control of your own infrastructure and innovate services as you need them

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Regionals Well PositionedYou have• an infrastructure connecting key institutions• strong relationships with vendors• experience deploying experimental facilities• a track record

– deploying high end technologies in support of E-Science applications

You have NOT • enabled Internet architecture research as much and

this is the time to do this

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GPO Solicitation Calls for It

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Interested? Contact Guru Parulkar ([email protected]) or Matt Davy ([email protected])

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OpenFlow/Software Defined Networks 1. Exec Summary OpenFlow/SDN enables innovations within – Enterprise, backbone, & data center networks – Represents.

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