Open your textbook and read the Agriculture intro from pg. 326-328 On your paper you’re using for today’s notes, write down 2 questions you have about.

Open your textbook and read the Agriculture intro

from pg. 326-328

On your paper you’re using for today’s notes, write down 2 questions

you have about the food you eat.

Agriculture Key Issue 1

Location of agricultural hearthsClassifying agricultural regionsUse of machines

Agriculture: Deliberate modification of Earth’s surface

through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance of economic gain.

Began when humans domesticated animals and plants for their use.

Crop: any plant cultivated by people

Cultivate means “to care for”

Hunters and Gatherers:

Food for survival from hunting and gathering plants. (Paleolithic Era) Small groups of 50 people, collected daily men > hunt …women > gathered…

evolution of our bodies??? Migrated frequently Conflict with other groups’ territory kept

people apart…sound familiar?

Today: 250,000 still survive using this method…extremely isolated, on the periphery: Arctic, interiors of Africa, Australia, and South America

Bushmen of Namibia >> Click languages!!!http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2965401/Fearless-hunters-ancient-tribe-use-bow-arrows-yards-wild-cheetahs-tune-animals-mutual-respect.html

Invention of Agriculture:As we watch this, write down a few points that

backs up the argument…

“Agriculture is the beginning of civilization and warfare.”

http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-farming

Two Types of Cultivation:Vegetative Planting

• Vegetative Planting is the reproduction of plants using existing plants, such as cutting stems or dividing roots.

Seed Agriculture• Seed Agriculture:

reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization.•Most commonly practiced

today

Carl Sauer and Agricultural Hearths• Saur claimed vegetative planting happened

first, and then seed agriculture.• In your notes:• Divide your paper into a T-chart. Write

Vegetative Planting on one side, and Seed Agriculture on the other.• Read pg. 329-330 about each and look at

the maps at the top of pages 330 and 331.• Take notes on both sides. Identify the

hearth areas and explain how each type diffused.• Add these annotations and arrows of

diffusion to your map

Carl Ortwin Sauer (December 24, 1889 – July 18, 1975) was an American geographer and professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

• 1st Agricultural Revolution (10,000BCE to 2000BCE)• Neolithic Revolution• Knowledge of seeds and animal domestication• Diffusion of agriculture

• 2nd Agricultural Revolution (17th to 19th century)• Coincides with the Industrial Revolution• Use of machines and steam technology.• Mass production begins.

• 3rd Agricultural Revolution (1960’s to now)• Use of science!!!• Green Revolution• Pesticides, herbicides• Fertilizer• Hybrids

Agricultural Revolutions

Primary effects: Urbanization Social stratification (?) Occupational specialization Increased population

densities

Secondary effects: Endemic diseases (?) Famine

Agricultural Revolutions

Origins of Agriculture

Which of these areas are considered cultural hearths?

Classifying Agricultural Regions: LDC’s vs. MDC’s

Subsistence Ag: Production of food for

consumption LDC

Commercial Ag: Production of food for sale MDC

Look at the bullet points on pg. 331: What are the 5 main distinctions between subsistence and commercial?

Read and take notes on your assigned topic! Share. Purpose of Farming 331

% of Farmers in Labor Force 331-332

Use of Machinery 332-333

Farm Size 333

Relationship to other businesses 333

• With the person next to you, look at the map at the bottom of page 331 and the map on page 332. Also, look at the picture and the caption on page 332.

• Now, make some general observations about what the maps are showing you. What comparisons, contrasts, or ironies do you see? Annotate your map with your neighbor!

Agribusiness:“The industrialization of agriculture”

Modern commercial farming is very dependent on inputs of chemical fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides.

Oil is required to make fertilizer and pesticides.

It takes 10 calories of energy to create 1 calorie of food in modern agriculture.

Small farmer can’t buy needed equipment and supplies.

Fewer than 2% of U.S. population works in agriculture in the US.

Food Inc. • How do we feed millions quickly,

efficiently, and cheaply????• As we watch the documentary, answer the questions on

your handout.

Part I (play all): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqQVll-MP3I and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3P5tmkjHa8

Part 3 (stop at 5:55): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UCFxrh_9h8

Part 5 (play all):

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df7aTixF6lw

Part 7:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIOGBkxurb0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfIxmI-Q3fY <<<From Seed to Supermarket

Free Range Chicken!

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAlWrT5P2VI

http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/gmo-your-right-know

All organic???