Open textbook: Italian Grammar II. Nominal Group Teresa Lobalsamo 2015 1 Table of Contents II. Nominal Group .............................................................................................................................. 1 1. Gender of nouns (genere dei nomi) .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Plural of nouns (plurale dei nomi) ........................................................................................................... 2 3. The indefinite article (l’articolo indeterminativo) ................................................................................... 2 4. The definite article (l’articolo determinativo).......................................................................................... 3 5. Parole tipo crisi ......................................................................................................................................... 4 6. Parole tipo psicanalista ............................................................................................................................. 5 7. Interrogative determiners (gli interrogativi) ........................................................................................... 5 8. Asking questions (fare domande) ............................................................................................................. 7 9. Adjectives (gli aggettivi) ........................................................................................................................... 7 9.1.Possessive adjectives (gli aggettivi possessivi) .................................................................................... 7 9.2. L’aggettivo BUONO ........................................................................................................................... 9 9.3. L’aggettivo BELLO ............................................................................................................................. 9 9.4. The suffix –issimo ............................................................................................................................. 10 9.5. Molto/Tanto....................................................................................................................................... 11 9.6. Troppo ............................................................................................................................................... 11 9.7. Poco ................................................................................................................................................... 11 9.8. Lo stesso ............................................................................................................................................ 12 9.9. The indefinite adjective ALTRO (other)............................................................................................ 12 9.10. L’aggettivo dimostrativo QUESTO (this/these) .............................................................................. 12 9.11. L’aggettivo dimostrativo QUELLO (that/those) ............................................................................. 13 9.12. Qualcuno, ciascuno, ognuno ........................................................................................................... 13 10. Il partitivo (partitive articles) ............................................................................................................... 14 10.1. Il partitivo 2 (altre forme del partitivo) ........................................................................................... 14 10.2. Il partitivo negativo ......................................................................................................................... 14 II. Nominal Group 1. Gender of nouns (genere dei nomi) Uso: o In Italian, nouns (nomi/sostantivi) are always marked for gender and may be either masculine (maschile) or feminine (femminile). Forma: o Generally, nouns that end in -o are masculine, for example: amico, libro, panino. o Those that end in -a are feminine, for example: università, limonata, studentessa. o Nouns that end in -e can be either masculine or feminine, for example: pane (m.), classe (f.).
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Open textbook: Italian Grammar
II. Nominal Group
Teresa Lobalsamo 2015
1
Table of Contents
II. Nominal Group .............................................................................................................................. 1 1. Gender of nouns (genere dei nomi) .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Plural of nouns (plurale dei nomi) ........................................................................................................... 2 3. The indefinite article (l’articolo indeterminativo) ................................................................................... 2 4. The definite article (l’articolo determinativo).......................................................................................... 3 5. Parole tipo crisi ......................................................................................................................................... 4 6. Parole tipo psicanalista ............................................................................................................................. 5 7. Interrogative determiners (gli interrogativi) ........................................................................................... 5 8. Asking questions (fare domande) ............................................................................................................. 7 9. Adjectives (gli aggettivi) ........................................................................................................................... 7
9.1.Possessive adjectives (gli aggettivi possessivi) .................................................................................... 7 9.2. L’aggettivo BUONO ........................................................................................................................... 9 9.3. L’aggettivo BELLO ............................................................................................................................. 9 9.4. The suffix –issimo ............................................................................................................................. 10 9.5. Molto/Tanto ....................................................................................................................................... 11 9.6. Troppo ............................................................................................................................................... 11 9.7. Poco ................................................................................................................................................... 11 9.8. Lo stesso ............................................................................................................................................ 12 9.9. The indefinite adjective ALTRO (other) ............................................................................................ 12 9.10. L’aggettivo dimostrativo QUESTO (this/these) .............................................................................. 12 9.11. L’aggettivo dimostrativo QUELLO (that/those) ............................................................................. 13 9.12. Qualcuno, ciascuno, ognuno ........................................................................................................... 13
10. Il partitivo (partitive articles) ............................................................................................................... 14 10.1. Il partitivo 2 (altre forme del partitivo) ........................................................................................... 14 10.2. Il partitivo negativo ......................................................................................................................... 14
II. Nominal Group
1. Gender of nouns (genere dei nomi)
Uso:
o In Italian, nouns (nomi/sostantivi) are always marked for gender and may be either
masculine (maschile) or feminine (femminile).
Forma:
o Generally, nouns that end in -o are masculine, for example: amico, libro, panino.
o Those that end in -a are feminine, for example: università, limonata, studentessa.
o Nouns that end in -e can be either masculine or feminine, for example: pane (m.), classe
(f.).
Open textbook: Italian Grammar
II. Nominal Group
Teresa Lobalsamo 2015
2
2. Plural of nouns (plurale dei nomi)
o In Italian, there are four different endings for plural nouns depending on the final letter of
the singular form. Regular nouns in Italian form the plural as following.
If the singular form ends in: The plural ends in: Examples
-o -i un libro due libri
un biglietto due biglietti
-io -i un foglio due fogli
un microscopio due microscopi
-a -e una pizza due pizze
un’edicola due edicole
-e -i un cane due cani
uno studente due studenti
a consonant –r, -t, -n stays the same un bar due bar
uno yacht due yacht
an accented vowel stays the same un tè due tè
un caffè due caffè
3. The indefinite article (l’articolo indeterminativo)
Uso:
o The indefinite article, meaning ‘a’ and ‘an’, has different forms in Italian depending on
the sound that follows and on the gender of the noun modified.
Forma:
Masculine Feminine
un
giorno
espresso
tavolo
Used before a
masculine noun
beginning with most
consonants or with a
vowel.
una
scuola
zia
ragazza
Used before a
feminine noun
beginning with any
consonant.
uno
zio
spumone
yogurt
Used before a
masculine noun
beginning with z, s
+ a consonant, gn-,
pn-, ps-, y-.
un’
amica
aranciata
oliva
Used before a
feminine noun
beginning with a
vowel.
Open textbook: Italian Grammar
II. Nominal Group
Teresa Lobalsamo 2015
3
4. The definite article (l’articolo determinativo)
Use:
o The definite article, the, agrees in number and in gender with the noun it modifies.
o It is used to talk about specific persons, places or things. In a series, it is used before each
noun.
Dove sono il gatto e il cane.
Ho comprato la farina e lo zucchero.
Specific concept Nonspecific concept
Chi è? È l’avvocato. Chi è? È un avvocato.
Who is he? He is the lawyer. Who is he? He is a lawyer.
o Nouns that are used in a general sense also take the definite article.
L’arte è interessante, ma mi piacciono anche la scienza.
Art is interesting, but I like science as well.
o The definite article is generally used with the names of languages, except after parlare.
Mi piace studiare le lingue straniere, in particolare il portoghese e il francese.
I like studying foreign languages, especially Portuguese and French.
Non parlo greco.
I don’t speak Greek.
o The definite article is used with the courtesy titles signora, signorina, signore, with
professional titles such as, dottore, professore/professoressa, etc., when talking about a
person. However, it is not used when speaking directly to a person.
La signora Bianchi è un’amica di mia zia. But: Buon pomeriggio, signora Ferrari.
o Recall that the article of the title is dropped when used in “direct address”:
Il signor Rossi non c’è? “Buon pomeriggio, signor Rossi”.
Forma:
Open textbook: Italian Grammar
II. Nominal Group
Teresa Lobalsamo 2015
4
SINGULAR
Masculine Feminine
lo
zucchero
studente
spagnolo
Used before a
masculine singular
noun beginning with
z, s + a consonant,
gn-, pn-, ps-, y-.
la
lezione
studentessa
lingua
Used before a
feminine singular
noun beginning with
any consonant.
il
dialetto
giro
portoghese
Used before a
masculine singular
noun beggining with
any other consonant.
l’
ora
inglese
americana
Used before a
feminine singular
noun beggining with
any vowel.
l’
avvocato
espresso
italiano
Used before a
masculine singular
noun beggining with
any vowel.
PLURAL
Masculine Feminine
gli
zuccheri
studenti
spagnoli
Used before a
masculine plural
noun beginning with
z, s + a consonant,
gn-, pn-, ps-, y-.
le
lezioni
studentesse
lingue
Used before a
feminine plural noun
beginning with any
consonant.
i
dialetti
giri
portoghesi
Used before a
masculine plural
noun beggining with
any other consonant.
le
ore
inglesi
americane
Used before a
feminine plural noun
beggining with any
vowel.
gli
avvocati
espressi
italiani
Used before a
masculine plural
noun beggining with
any vowel.
5. Parole tipo crisi
o Nouns ending in –si in the singular are of Classical Greek origin.
o They are all feminine and do not change in the plural.
Singolare Plurale
la crisi le crisi
Open textbook: Italian Grammar
II. Nominal Group
Teresa Lobalsamo 2015
5
la tesi le tesi
l’ipotesi le ipotesi
l’analisi le analisi
6. Parole tipo psicanalista
o Nouns ending in –ista can be either masculine or feminine according to the sex (male or
female) of the person to which they refer.
o When such nouns are pluralized, the masculine noun is changed to –isti and the feminine
nouns to –iste.
Maschile
Singolare Plurale
l’artista gli artisti
il barista i baristi
il musicista i musicisti
lo psicanalista gli psicanalisti
Femminile
Singolare Plurale
l’artista le artiste
la barista le bariste
la musicista le musiciste
la psicanalista le psicanaliste
7. Interrogative determiners (gli interrogativi)
Chi? (Who?)
Chi è la professoressa d’italiano?
Chi è questo ragazzo?
Chi sono le persone in ufficio?
Preposition + chi
Whose pencil is this? Di chi è la matita?
Whose pencils are these? Di chi sono le matite?
For whom is this message? Per chi è il messaggio?
With whom are you going out tomorrow? Con chi esci domani?
Come? (How?)
Open textbook: Italian Grammar
II. Nominal Group
Teresa Lobalsamo 2015
6
Come stai, Antonio?
Come vai all’università, generalmente?
Com’è l’Italia? (come + è)
Che?/Cosa?/Che cosa? (What?)
Che studia Beatrice?
Cosa studia Beatrice?
Che cosa studia Beatrice?
Dove? (Where?)
Dove possiamo comprare un nuovo cellulare?
Dov’è il negozio? (dove + è)
Dov’è questo libro?
Perché? (Why?)
Perché vai in centro?
Perché sei così felice?
Perché Giovanna non esce mai con noi?
Quando? (When?)
Quando viene la tua amica?
Quando andate in vacanza?
Quando è la festa?
Quale? (Which?)
Quale colore hai scelto? Rosa o viola?
Quale sistema operativo preferisci? Apple o Android?
- Quali attori hanno vinto? - Leonardo Di Caprio e Julia Roberts.
- Quali lingue vorresti imparare? - L’Italiano e lo spagnolo.
Qual è il miglior(e) programma in tv oggi?
Qual è il tuo film preferito?
Da notare:
Quale (singolare) vs. Quali (plurale)
Qual + vocale
Quanto? (How much?)
Open textbook: Italian Grammar
II. Nominal Group
Teresa Lobalsamo 2015
7
Adjective: How much/many + noun
Quanto caffè vuoi?
Quanta pasta mangi?
Quanti ragazzi hai invitato?
Quante persone ci sono?
Quanto specifies quantity. It agrees both in number and gender with the noun.
Adverb: How much + verb
Quanto costa la limonata?
Quanto costano le limonate?
Quanto in this case specifies the price of something.
8. Asking questions (fare domande)
o The interrogatives (interrogativi) explained above allow you to request specific kinds of
information, for example, who, what, when, etc. However, there is another question
strategy that elicits a yes or no response.
o This is formed with the normal intonation pattern for questions without changing the
word order, or by putting the subject at the end.
Domanda Risposta
Amanda ha ragione? Sì, Amanda ha ragione.
Ha ragione Amanda? No, Amanda non ha ragione.
o To say right?, doesn’t he/she?, aren’t you?, etc., use either no?, vero?, or non è vero?