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1.LINUX INSTALLATION
Aim:
To install the linux in various modes.
Procedure
Linux Start up and Run Levels
The Init Program
As seen in the previous section, the kernel will start a program
called init, if it finds it. The init process reads the file
"/etc/inittab" and uses this file to determine how to create
processes. Read the init man page for more information. Also note
that init is always running and can dynamically do things and run
processes based upon various signals. The administrator can also
cause it to dynamically change system processes and runlevels by
using the telinit program or editing the "/etc/inittab" file.
Runlevels
Linux utilizes what is called "runlevels". A runlevel is a
software configuration of the system that allows only a selected
group of processes to exist. Init can run the system in one of
eight runlevels. These runlevels are 0-6 and S or s. The system
runs in only one of these runlevels at a time. Typically these
runlevels are used for different purposes. Runlevels 0, 1, and 6
are reserved. For Redhat Linux version 6, the runlevels are:
0
-
halt
1
-
Single user mode
2
-
Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you don't have
networking)
3
-
Full multiuser mode
4
-
unused
5
-
X11
6
-
Reboot
The inittab file
The "/etc/inittab" file tells init which runlevel to start the
system at and describes the processes to be run at each runlevel.
An entry in the inittab file has the following format:
id:runlevels:action:process id - A unique sequence of 1-4
characters which identifies an entry in inittab.
runlevels - Lists the runlevels for which the specified action
should be taken. This field may contain multiple characters for
different runlevels allowing a particular process to run at
multiple runlevels. For example, 123 specifies that the process
should be started in runlevels 1, 2, and 3.
action - Describes which action should be taken. Valid actions
are listed below
respawn - The process will be restarted whenever it
terminates.
wait - The process will be started once when the specified
runlevel is entered and init will wait for its termination.
once - The process will be executed once when the specified
runlevel is entered
boot - The process will be executed during system boot. The
runlevels field is ignored.
bootwait - Same as "boot" above, but init waits for its
termination.
off - This does nothing.
ondemand - This process will be executed whenever the specified
ondemand runlevel is called.
initdefault - Specifies the runlevel which should be entered
after system boot. If none exists, init will ask for a runlevel on
the console. The process field is ignored.
sysinit - The process will be executed during system boot. It
will be executed before any boot or bootwait entries. The runlevels
field is ignored.
powerwait - The process will be executed when init receives the
SIGPWR signal. Init will wait for the process to finish before
continuing.
powerfail - Same as powerwait but init does not wait for the
process to complete.
powerokwait - The process will be executed when init receives
the SIGPWR signal provided there is a file called
"/etc/powerstatus" containing the word "OK". This means that the
power has come back again.
ctrlaltdel - This process is executed when init receives the
SIGINT signal. This means someone on the system console has pressed
the "CTRL-ALT-DEL" key combination.
kbrequest - The process will be executed when init receives a
signal from the keyboard handler that a special key combination was
pressed on the console keyboard.
process - Specifies the process to be executed. If the process
starts with the '+' character, init will not do utmp and wtmp
accounting for that process.
Single User Mode
Single user mode is useful to fix some system problem. Following
are steps you need to use to boot Grub boot loader into single user
mode.
Procedure: Boot Linux Grub Boot Loader into single user mode
(1) At grub boot screen (after restart)
(2) Select the kernel
(3) Press the e key to edit the entry
(4) Select second line (the line starting with the word
kernel)
(5) Press the e key to edit kernel entry so that you can append
single user mode
(6) Append the letter S (or word Single) to the end of the
(kernel) line
(7) Press ENTER key
(8) Now press the b key to boot the Linux kernel into single
user mode
(9) When prompted give root password and you be allowed to login
into single user mode.
Result:
Thus the linux installation was done successfully.
2.Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows
Aim:
To installing MYSQL on Microsoft Windows.
Procedure: MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows
Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using the MSI PackageMySQL
Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows
For MySQL 5.1 on Windows, the default installation directory is
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1. Some Windows users prefer
to install in C:\mysql, the directory that formerly was used as the
default. However, the layout of the subdirectories remains the
same.
For MySQL 5.1.23 and earlier, all of the files are located
within the parent directory, using the structure shown in the
following table.
Installation Layout for Windows Using MySQL 5.1.23 and
EarlierDirectoryContents of Directory
binClient programs and the mysqld server
dataLog files, databases
DocsManual in CHM format
examplesExample programs and scripts
includeInclude (header) files
libLibraries
scriptsUtility scripts
shareMiscellaneous support files, including error messages,
character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database
installation
For MySQL 5.1.24 and later, the default location of data
directory was changed. The remainder of the directory structure
remains the same.
Installation Layout for Windows Using MySQL 5.1.24 and
laterDirectoryContents of Directory
binClient programs and the mysqld server
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\MySQLLog
files, databases (Windows XP, Windows Server 2003)
C:\ProgramData\MySQLLog files, databases (Windows 7, Windows
Server 2008)
DocsManual in CHM format
examplesExample programs and scripts
includeInclude (header) files
libLibraries
scriptsUtility scripts
shareMiscellaneous support files, including error messages,
character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database
installation
Installation of MySQL Server
Unzip the setup file and execute the downloaded MSI file. Follow
the instructions below exactly when
installing MySQL Server:
Configure MySQL Server
If you checked the Configure the MySQL Server now check box on
the final dialog of the MySQL
Server installation, then the MySQL Server Instance
Configuration Wizard will automatically start.
Follow the instructions below carefully to configure your MySQL
Server to run correctly with
EventSentry.
Select Detailed Configuration
It is recommended that you use a Dedicated MySQL Server Machine
for your
MySQL database, if this is not an option then select "Server
Machine".
If you selected Dedicated MySQL Server Machine and your
MySQL
service does not start after the wizard completes, then try to
re-run the
wizard (or re-install) MySQL, but this time select the Server
Machine
option.
Select Transactional Database Only, this will make sure that
InnoDB is the main storage engine.
Select the drive where the database files will be stored.
Select the drive on the fastest drive(s) on your server.
Enter the
Enter the number of agents you are monitoring, multiplied by
two.
For example, if you are monitoring 20 servers then enter 40.
It is recommended that you leave the default port 3306 in place,
however
EventSentry will also work with non-standard ports if
necessary.
Select the Standard Character Set for EventSentry
It is highly recommended that you run the MySQL Server as a
Windows
service and include the binary directory in the search path.
Specify a secure root password, you may want to check the box
Enable root access
from remote machines if you plan on administering your MySQL
server
from your workstation or other servers.
If you see this dialog then your instance was setup
correctly.
Result:
Thus the Mysql installation was done successfully.
3. Apache InstallationAim:
To install Apache Server in Windows.
Procedure:
Apache 2.2.X
1. Download & Unpack
Go to http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/binaries/win32/ and
choose a mirror. You want the latest win32-x86-no_ssl.msi "MSI
Installer Package" release.
My file was named: apache_2.2.11-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi
NOTE
Apache sometimes moves the "quick download" link to the win32
binary. The long way to officially find it is Download > Other
files > binaries folder (not the "Binary Releases" info link at
the top) > win32 folder > then the latest
win32-x86-no_ssl.msi release
2. Install
When you install Apache, you'll get a prompt for "Server
Information." Here is the settings I used:
Network Domain: localhost
Server Name: localhost
Admin Email: (any email. real or fake)
[checked]: for All Users, on Port 80, as a Service
3. Starting/Stopping Apache
After installing, Apache2 automatically starts. The icon in the
System Tray means it started. The icon means the "Monitor Apache
Servers" is running, but Apache2 isn't started.
You can easily start/stop/restart Apache and Apache2 via that
icon in your System Tray. If you get "The requested operation has
failed!" error while starting apache use the "Test Configuration"
shortcut in the Start Menu to find the error (if the text window
pops up then closes before you can read it, your config file is
fine).
4. Testing
Now the ultimate test. To see if it's serving. Open your browser
and head to: http://127.0.0.1/ or http://localhost/
If it shows the It works! you have your server software
installed and running.
5. Making Apache point to your files
Using Notepad open C:/Program Files/Apache Software
Foundation/Apache2.2/conf/httpd.conf (in the start-menu there
should also be a "Apache HTTP Server 2.2 > Configure Apache
Server > Edit the Apache httpd.conf Configuration File"
shortcut) and search for DocumentRoot. Change it from something
like DocumentRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Software
Foundation/Apache2.2/htdocs" to the location where your HTML files
and site are located. In my case: DocumentRoot "C:/public_html"
NOTE
The first time i installed Apache2, i accidentally changed
ServerRoot. Make sure you change the correct line which is
DocumentRoot and which is down about line 150.
6. Then scroll down about one page and change: to point to the
same location you set DocumentRoot to in the last step. Restart
apache to make the changes take effect
Result:
Thus the Apache Server installation was done successfully.
4 . PHP with Database connectivity
Aim:
To implement the PHP Program with Database Connectivity.
Procedure:
In this Program Create the Following 3 Files
Step 1: Create Login Page(HomePage.php)
Step 2: Create Validation Page(checklogin.php)
*Note : All the files store under the c:\wamp\www directory
before that install WampServer
Before That Create Table
Click The following URL
http://localhost/phpmyadmin/
phpMyAdmin
Create database using phpMyAdmin
Create new database form
1. To create new database use this form, type database name then
click "Create" button. In this example I create database name
"test_create_DB".
Create table
Create table form
1. After created database. this form'll be display. Enter the
name of table and number of field. In this example, I create table
name "web_members" for store my web members and it have 4 fields
(id, name, lastname, email)
Result after created table on database
Create table by runing SQL query SQL Page
1. You can create table by run SQL query for example, put this
code in the form and click "Go"
CREATE TABLE `web_members` (`id` int(4) NOT NULL
auto_increment,`name` varchar(65) NOT NULL default '',`lastname`
varchar(65) NOT NULL default '',`email` varchar(65) NOT NULL
default '',PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) TYPE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
Create Login Page(HomePage.php)
Member Login
Username
:
Password
:
Or
(LoginPage.html)
Login
userid
password
Create Validation Page(checklogin.php)