Open source

OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

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INTRODUCTION

Open source refers to a program in which the source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design. Open source code is typically created as a collaborative effort in which programmers improve upon the code and share the changes within the community.

Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available and licensed with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change and distribute the software at no cost to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner

HISTORY

In the beginning, there was only free software. Later on, proprietary software was born, and it quickly dominated the software landscape, to the point that it is today considered as the only possible model by many people. Only recently has the software industry considered free software as an option again.

In 1998, a group of individuals advocated that the term free software should be replaced by open-source software (OSS) as an expression which is less ambiguous and more comfortable for the corporate world. 

Software developers may want to publish their software with an open-source license, so that anybody may also develop the same software or understand its internal functioning.

Scholars Casson and Ryan have pointed out several policy-based reasons for adoption of open source in particular, the heightened value proposition from open source

Life cycle of a open source software

Funding

Unlike proprietary off-the-shelf software, which comes with restrictive copyright licenses, open source software can be given away for no charge. This means that its creators cannot require each user to pay a license fee to fund development.

Many open source software projects have begun as research projects within universities, as personal projects of students or professors, or as tools to aid scientific research.

Software can be developed as a consulting project for one or more customers. The customers pay to direct the developer’s efforts.Companies or independent consultants can also charge for training, installation, technical support, or customization of the software.

Another approach to funding is to provide the software freely, but sell licenses to proprietary add-ons such as data libraries.

Non-software use

The principles of open source have been adapted for many forms of user-generated content and technology, including Wikipedia, and open-access publishing.

Ex:Torrents websites, Audio Downloads, Wikipedia

Comparison with closed source

The top four reasons individuals or organizations choose open source software are: lower cost security, no vendor 'lock in', better quality.

A study of the Linux source code has 0.17 bugs per 1000 lines of code while proprietary software generally scores 20–30 bugs per 1000 lines.

Examples

Widely used open-source products

Apache HTTP Server Mozilla Firefox LINUX,ANDRIOD E-commerce MYSQL JDK(Java Development Kit) Eclipse

Widely Used open-source products

Apache HTTP Server:The Apache HTTP Server Project is a collaborative software development effort aimed at creating a robust, commercial-grade,feature-rich and freely-available source code implementation of anHTTP (Web) server. The project is jointly managed by a group of volunteers located around the world, using the Internet and the Web to communicate, plan, and develop the server and its related documentation. This project is part of the Apache Software Foundation.

Mozilla Firefox:Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser developed for Windows and Linux, with a mobile version for Android, byMozilla Foundation

Widely used open-source productsLINUX:The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration.It is a leading operating system on servers and other systems such as mainframe computers and supercomputers.

ANDRIOD:Android is a operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License. This open source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers.

Widely used open-source productsE-COMMERCE:

Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, is a type of industry where buying and selling of product or service is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks.

MY-SQL:MySQL ( also called "My Sequel") is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.

Widely used open-source products

JDK(Java Development Kit):The Java Development Kit (JDK) is an implementation of either one of the Java SE, Java EE or Java ME platformsreleased by SUN MICROSYSTEMS.The JDK includes the Java Runtime Environment, the Java compiler and the Java APIs.

Eclipse:Eclipse is a community for individuals and organizations who wish to collaborate on commercially-friendly open source software.Its projects are focused on building an open development platform comprised of extensible frameworks, tools and runtimes for building,

deploying and managing software across the lifecycle

MILESTONE PROJECTS

Collabative Facebook Whatsapp PHPCOLLAB

ORGANIZATIONS Apache Software Foundation. LINUX Foundation. Eclipse Foundation. SUN MICROSYSTEMS(ORACLE

CORPORATION). Mozilla Foundation. Open Handset Alliance. Google.

Arguments for OSS

What belongs to everyone belongs to no one.

Saving money. The Government is not interested in

profit. Cross platform compatibility.

Arguments for OSS Cont…

OSS people may only be interested in upgrading for their own purposes

Compatibility problems Some commercial companies may not

be interested in working with OSS

CONCLUSION

Open Source Software(OSS) is a community where every user is interested in involving and make use of the products from which there will be a anonyms updation and make every thing exposed, in terms of code and their efficiency. Though this is a bitter bite for few proprietary owned organizations where the products need to be licensed and these organisations make money out of them.

Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software#Licensing

http://eu.conecta.it/paper/Contents.html http://scienceinafrica.com/old/index.php?q=2004/january/

software.htm http://www.pcworld.com/article/

209891/10_reasons_open_source_is_good_for_business.html

http://www.slidesha re.net/jimjag/what-is-opensource http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/elv_sun-

1647676-6-open-source-software-free/

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