Open Science is More than Open Access, but what is it? Susan Reilly @skreilly Executive Director Brussels, October 2015.

Open Science is More than Open Access, but what is it?

Susan Reilly

@skreilly

Executive Director

Brussels, October 2015

I’ll be talking about…

• LIBER & Open Science• Definition of Open Science• Building blocks of Open Science• What’s it all for? Knowledge Discovery

LIBER: reinventing the library of the future

• Largest network of European research libraries: 410 in over 40 countries

Mission:

“To provide an information infrastructure to enable research in LIBER institutions to be world class”

LIBER: Information Infrastructure for World Class Research?

• Collaborative• 90% of research papers are collaborative

• International• 40% of French & German research outputs a result of international

collaboration• Rate of citation grows as geographic extent of collaboration

increases

• Interdisciplinary• Foundation of frontiers research

• Data intensive• supports interdisciplinary exploration

• … and open

Higgs boson 2012 Journal

Physics B paper: 6235

citations

Libraries enabling Open Science

“We believe that the move towards openness will lead to increased transparency, better quality research, a higher

level of citizen engagement, and will accelerate the pace of scientific discovery through the facilitation of data-driven

innovation.”

http://libereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/LIBER_Statement-on-open-science-final.pdf

Open Science Definition

“The conduction of science in a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research

processes are freely available, with terms that allow reuse, redistribution and reproduction of

the research”

https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition

The problem with defining Open Science

• Means is often confused with the end• Ultimate goal is to be a transient term i.e.

Open Science = Science• Aims to bring coherence and vision to a

range of different open activities e.g. open access, open data, open software

• Key is changing practice and culture, which is different for every stakeholder

Open Science= Diversity

Open Science Goals

• Transparency in experimental methodology, observation, and collection of data

• Public availability and reusability of scientific data• Public accessibility and transparency of scientific

communication• Citizen engagement*• Using web-based tools to facilitate scientific collaborationDan Gezelter, http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269

*EU

Work. Finish.

Publish! (Faraday)

Move away from a 300 year old model!

To an Open Science Landscape

Open access publishing

New forms of peer review

Open infrastructureResearch data management

Open educational resources

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)Open science

Collaboration

Coyright & licencing

Policy

Advocacy & trainingAlternative Metrics

Open data

Building block: open access“We write to communicate an untenable situation facing the Harvard Library. Many large journal publishers have made the scholarly communication environment fiscally unsustainable and academically restrictive. ” Harvard University Library, 2012

Moved beyond the tipping point: http://www.science-metrix.com/pdf/SM_EC_OA_Availability_2004-2011.pdf

It’s not just about the cost, it’s about the value…

• Accessible: make it available in accessible formats (XML)• Findable: put it in open and sustainable infrastructure• Reusable: attach clear permissions statements/licences

Building block: open data

• Need to release the value of data• Benefits:

• Jobs (Copernicus= 50000 jobs)• Research productivity (big bang)• Help communities (flood hack)• Cost of not sharing (bird flu)

1.7 million billion bytes of data every minute

X 34

Data must be..

• Open by default (G8,LERU)• Usable by all

• Available• Findable• Interpretable• Citable• Curated/preserved

Building block: skills and trainingReCODE Recommendation 10: Support the transition to

open research data through curriculum-development and training.The transition to an open science paradigm where research data plays a significant role requires training and education for researchers and for data

managers who support open science. Courses for getting researchers and data managers up-to date with current

relevant issues are necessary, as well as the development of curricula that contribute towards the

development of data science and information management as distinct and legitimate career paths.

•Need to embed training in post graduate education•Invest in the development of the data professional•Training provision as and when needed (importance of train the trainer)•Training and support for new tools and methods

Building block: infrastructure

• International• Open• Interoperable• Cross disciplinary• Facilitate collaboration

• Store & Share• Sync & Exchange• Replicate• Compute• Find

• Content• TDM tools • Workflows• Standards• Interoperability

Building block: advocacy…

• Advocate for roadmaps and policies that promote open science at institutional and national level

• Advocate for changes in practice e.g. data citation, use of cc licences

• Promote your Open Science project• Engage new audiences

and incentives

• Need to change system of incentives and assessment• Move away from journal based metrics• Consider value and impact of ALL research outputs (data,

software…)• Align assessment with institutional values

• Only a change of system of incentives will truly change practice and culture

Building block: policy and legislation• Legal clarity• Interoperabilty (WIPO solution?)• Ensure researchers have right to secondary publication

• Standard open access licences• CC-by and CC0/PD

Knowledge Discovery in the Digital Age

• Ultimate goal of text and data mining is to extract high level knowledge from low level data

• Allows analysis across disciplines• “Undiscovered public knowledge” (Swanson)• Identifies patterns in the data to produce new knowledge

• It’s not a new thing, it’s just digital information makes it a whole lot more powerful and relevant!

Human Computers (1901)

http://marlowe-shakespeare.blogspot.nl/2009/02/on-mendenhall-and-compelling-evidence.html

"This above all: to thine own self

be true".

4 5 3 2 5 3 4 2 4

Use of words(2009)

Marsden J, Budden D, Craig H, Moscato P (2013) Language Individuation and Marker Words: Shakespeare and His Maxwell's Demon. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66813. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066813

Cancer diagnosis(2013)

• http://theconversation.com/shakespeare-and-cancer-diagnoses-how-bard-can-it-be-15381ata sets

Malhotra A, Younesi E, Gurulingappa H, Hofmann-Apitius M (2013) ‘HypothesisFinder:’ A Strategy for the Detection of Speculative Statements in Scientific Text. PLoS Comput Biol 9(7): e1003117. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003117

Copyright v TDM

• Because it involves the copying of content in order to convert into machine readable format TDM may infringe copyright

• European Database Directive

prohibits copying of substantial

parts of databases• In US TDM is covered

by fair use, other parts of the

world have a specific exception

e.g. Japan, UKhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/apelad/304195427/

The problem with licences

• Permission culture: Why relicence? Can’t licence everything!

• Not scalable or cost effective• Will licence reflect how the researcher actually performs TDM?

ME 442 Permission" by Nina Paley - http://mimiandeunice.com/2011/08/30/permission-2/. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ME_442_Permission.png#mediaviewer/File:ME_442_Permission.png

Elsevier TDM Policy

• Access through API only• Text only- no images, tables• Research must register details• Click-through licence• Terms can change any time• Reproducibility of results

1. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY WAS NOT DESIGNED TO REGULATE THE FREE FLOW OF FACTS, DATA AND IDEAS, BUT HAS AS A

KEY OBJECTIVE THE PROMOTION OF RESEARCH ACTIVITY

4. ETHICS AROUND THE USE OF CONTENT MINING TECHNIQUES WILL

NEED TO CONTINUE TO EVOLVE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING

TECHNOLOGY

• The Hague Declaration: http://thehaguedeclaration.com/the-hague-declaration-on-knowledge-discovery-in-the-digital-age/

• LERU Roadmap for Research Data http://www.leru.org/index.php/public/news/press-release-leru-roadmap-for-research-data/

• EUDAT http://eudat.eu/ • Research Data Alliance https://rd-alliance.org/• LIBER 10 Recommendation on Getting Started in RDM

http://libereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/The%20research%20data%20group%202012%20v7%20final.pdf

• OpenAire https://www.openaire.eu/ • San Francisco Declaration • http://www.ascb.org/dora-old/files/SFDeclarationFINAL.pdf