Open Educational Resources - The Learning House, Inc. · 2019-05-20 · OER largely grew out of a desire for more open and easy access to academic and educational materials. OER can

Monthly Workshop Series

16 May 2019

Open Educational Resources

Wiley - Proprietary & Confidential5/17/19 2

Presenter

Galen Davis (he/him/his)Director of Faculty Development

• BA, Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, Stanford University (2002)

• MA, Modern Thought and Literature, Stanford University (2003)

• Academic Technology Associate, Stanford University (2004-2006)

• Academic Technology Specialist, Stanford University (2006-2010)

• Associate Director of Academic Technology, Stanford University (2010-2012)

• Director of Instructional Design, Acatar (2013-2015)

• Director of Video Production, The Learning House (2015-2016)

• Director of Faculty Development, The Learning House / Wiley (2016 – present)

Wiley - Proprietary & ConfidentialWiley - Proprietary & Confidential

By the end of this session, you should be able to:

• Define “open educational resource.”

• Explain some of the origins of OERs.

• Identify a process to implement OERs in your online course(s).

• Identify the benefits and challenges of implementing OERs in your online course(s).

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Learning Objectives

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Agenda

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1. The Rise of OER

2. Implementing OER


1. The Rise of OER


• January 1977-June 2015:textbook prices up 1,041%

• 5 publishers control 85% of the textbook market

• 2015: 65% of students did not buy a textbook due to price

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Rising Textbook Costs

Source: Popken (2015)

Source: Senack (2014)


• 1993: The Open Access movement takes shape

• 1997: California State University creates MERLOT

• 2001: The Budapest Open Access Initiative

• 2001: Creative Commons founded

• 2002: MIT launches OpenCourseWare (OCW)

• 2002: “OER” is coined at UNESCO

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Key Formative Events for OER

Source: Bliss & Smith (2017)


The Open Access Movement

An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new technology is the internet. The public good they make possible is the world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds.

Budapest Open Access InitiativeSource: Chan et al (2002)


• 2001: OLI

• 2008: Khan Academy

• 2006-2012: MOOCs

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Other Contributors to the Rise of OER

Poster by Mathieu Plourde. CC BY license

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/


Source: Senack (2014)


1. Publishers must increase the transparency of textbook prices.

2. Publishers must unbundle books and supplemental materials.

3. Colleges must list the prices of textbooks in the course catalog.

4. The GAO will report on results.

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The Higher Education Opportunity Act (2008)


•R•R•R•R•R

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What is “Open Content?”etain

euse

evise

emix

edistribute



OER Definition

Open educational resources are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others.Hewlett Foundation



• An ideal OER is:

• Openly licensed (e.g. CC BY)

• Accessible

• Editable

• Designed with diverse learners in mind

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Toward an Ideal of OER


• Full courses

• Textbooks

• Articles and essays

• Videos

• Assignments and activities

• Assessments

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Kinds of OER Materials


• Reduce attrition and/or improve student outcomes

• Fuel academic collaboration

• Good source of supplemental material

• Portability/accessibility

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The Benefits of OER


• “Stigma of inferiority” due to zero cost

• Time commitment (evaluation)

• Don’t guarantee:

• Accessibility

• Quality

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Challenges with Using OER

Source: Abramovich & McBride (2018)

Wiley - Proprietary & ConfidentialWiley - Proprietary & Confidential5/17/19 19

OER largely grew out of a desire for more open and easy access to academic and educational materials.

OER can combat the exponential rise in publisher-produced textbooks and bend the cost curve for students.

Ideal OER allow users to retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute the content, and typically have CC BY licenses.

There are a variety of OER material types that provide benefits beyond their low/no cost.

Takeaways: The Rise of OER

5(R)

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2. Implementing OER


• Some popular OER repositories:

• OER Commons

• MERLOT II

• Khan Academy

• MIT OpenCourseWare

• OpenStax

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Identify a repository


Leverage Search Functionality


• Consider our OER evaluation rubric

• Utilize the C.R.A.A.A.P. criteria

• Currency

• Relevance

• Authority

• Accuracy

• Accessibility

• Purpose

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Evaluate Quality


Identify LicensingCC BY The work can be distributed, reworked, or built upon as long as the creator is credited.

CC BY SA The work can be reworked and/or built upon as long as the creator is credited and the new creation is licensed under the identical terms.

CC BY ND The work can be redistributed as long as it is done so unchanged and the creator is credited.

CC BY NC The work can be reworked and/or built upon non-commercially. Any new works based off the original work must also acknowledge the creator and be non-commercial.

CC BY NC SA The work can be rebuilt and/or built upon non-commercially as long as the creator is credited and the new work is licensed under identical terms.

CC BY NC ND The work can only be downloaded and shared with others with credit to the creator. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.


• Remove the audio track from a video, students record their own

• Students add labels to an image

• Students “correct” information in an existing passage

• Students create and publish study guides for existing works

• Students write reviews for existing OER

• Students create questions for open quiz banks

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Creative OER-Based Assignments


Conclusion


OER represent an “open access” philosophy that reduces costs for students, offering instructors a “grassroots” opportunity to bend the cost curve of higher education.

OER provide a number of benefits to both you and your students, but do require time to evaluate and integrate (as is the case with any new course material).

When considering OER, be sure to evaluate the licensing terms as well as the quality.

Consider including OER in your course – and contributing to a repository yourself!

Session Summary


He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me.

Thomas Jefferson, 1813

SourcesAbramovich, S., & McBride, M. (2018). Open education resources and perceptions of financial value. The Internet and Higher Education, 39, 33-38.Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2014, October). Opening the curriculum: Open educational resources in U.S. higher education. Retrieved from http://www.onlinelearningsurvey.com/oer.htmlBliss, T. J., & Smith, M. (2017). A brief history of open educational resources. In R. S. Jhangiani & R. Biswas-Diener (Eds.), Open: The philosophy and practices that are revolutionizing education and science (pp. 9–27). London:

Ubiquity Press.Chan, L., Cuplinskas, D., Eisen, M., Friend, F., Genova, Y., Guedon, J. C., . . . Velterop, J. (2002, February 14). Budapest open access initiative. Retrieved from https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/readCulatta, R. (n.d.). Cognitive load theory: Instructional design. Retrieved from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/index.htmlGuyan, M. (2013, November 1). Five ways to reduce cognitive load in e-Learning. Retrieved from http://elearningindustry.com/5-ways-to-reduce-cognitive-load-in-elearningMagda, A. J., & Aslanian, C. B. (2018). Online college students 2018: Comprehensive data on demands and preferences. Louisville, KY: The Learning House, Inc.Merkley, R. (2018, May 8). A transformative year: State of the Commons 2017. Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/2018/05/08/state-of-the-commons-2017/Pappas, C. (2014, February 5). Cognitive load theory and instructional design. Retrieved from http://elearningindustry.com/cognitive-load-theory-and-instructional-designPopken, Ben. College Textbook Prices Have Risen 1,041 Percent Since 1977. 6 August 2015. NBC News: http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/freshman-year/college-textbook-prices-have-risen-812-percent-1978-n399926Senack, Ethan. Fixing the Broken Textbook Market: How Students Respond to High Textbook Costs and Demand Alternatives. The Student PIRGs: January 2014. Retrieved from

https://uspirg.org/sites/pirg/files/reports/NATIONAL%20Fixing%20Broken%20Textbooks%20Report1.pdf

Questions and Discussion

Galen Davis (he/him/his)Director of Faculty [email protected]

https://uspirg.org/sites/pirg/files/reports/NATIONAL%20Fixing%20Broken%20Textbooks%20Report1.pdf

Open Educational Resources - The Learning House, Inc. · 2019-05-20 · OER largely grew out of a desire for more open and easy access to academic and educational materials. OER can

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