Open Educational Resources: Implementation and Impact DREAM 2017 - San Francisco, CA Drs. David Wiley and Richard Sebastian Lumen Learning / Achieving the Dream
Open Educational Resources: Implementation and Impact
DREAM 2017 - San Francisco, CA
Drs. David Wiley and Richard SebastianLumen Learning / Achieving the Dream
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
Distributing a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
Distributing a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
CopyrightRegulates
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
Distributing a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
• Make and own a copyRetain• Use in a wide range of waysReuse• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise• Combine two or moreRemix• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
1. retain + redistribute = download and share for free
2. revise + remix = edit, improve, customize, collaborate
3. reuse = class, lab, study group, etc.
Implications of the 5Rs
• Make and own a copyRetain• Use in a wide range of waysReuse• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise• Combine two or moreRemix• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
Cost to Students
Permissions for Faculty
and Students
Commercial Textbooks Expensive Restrictive
“The Web” MOOCs
Library Resources“Free” Restrictive
Open Educational Resources Free 5Rs
OER Examples
Full courses, complete textbooks, chapters, modules, videos, simulations, assessments, syllabi, etc.
OER Adoption
Replacing whatever was previously in the “Required Materials” section of your syllabus with OER
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Does it at scale, and4. Improves student success
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
Textbook Pricing in Context
One Month Access to… Costs…Netflix – 20k Movies / TV Episodes $7.99 / monthSpotify – 15M Songs $9.99 / month
VitalSource – 1 Biology Textbook $28.37 / month
The Academic Costs of Textbooks
48% take fewer courses
26% drop a course
21% withdraw from a course
66% go without textbooks
37% earn a poor grade
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
Open Pedagogy
• People learn when they do things
• Copyright restricts what we’re allowed to do
• Open permits us to do new things
• How will doing new things impact learning? Will we learn more? more deeply? different things?
Renewable Assignments
Students see value in doing themYou see value in grading themThe work adds value to the world
Learning by making Society can build onIn the classroom -In public The ideasIn the open The ideas and the artifacts
#OpenPed as Learning by Making
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
A Multi-Institutional Study of the Impact of Open Textbook Adoption on the Learning Outcomes of Post-secondary Students
Fischer, Hilton, Robinson, and Wiley
Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)
Research Context
• 4,909 treatment• 11,818 control• 50 different undergraduate courses • 130 teachers• 10 US institutions
Methodology
Quasi-experimental design with:• Propensity score matched groups• Dependent variables: Completion; C or Better;
Credits Enrolled This Term; Credits Enrolled Next Term
• Independent variable: Textbook condition• 3 covariates: age, gender, and race
Credits TakenSemester OER Users Others Result
Fall 13.29 11.14 t (8101) = 27.81 p < .01
Winter 10.71 9.16 F(1, 6440) = 154.08, p <.01
Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)
Improving Course Throughput Rates and Open Educational Resources: Results from the Z Degree Program at Tidewater Community College
Hilton, Fischer, Wiley, and Williams
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (2016)
Commercial vs OER
2.3% | 1.8%
9.9% | 8.1%
68% | 74%
(Face to Face)
60% | 66%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTRIRRODL (in press)
Commercial vs OER
4.0% | 1.4%
13.7% | 13.1%
66% | 70%
(Online)
54% | 60%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTRIRRODL (in press)
A Preliminary Exploration of the Relationships Between Student-Created OER, Sustainability, and Students Success
Wiley, Tonks, Webb, and Weston
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (in press)
Research Context
• 181 middle and high school students• Online, public, charter school with a
commitment to OER• Course on Digital Photography
IRRODL (in press)
Methodology
• Students were invited to create / remix open tutorials, study guides, and games
• Extra credit or TA credit• From no to 5-10% student-created OER over
four years
• Compare student grades on course assignments
IRRODL (in press)
Cost-Savings Achieved in Two Semesters Through the Adoption of Open Educational Resources
Hilton, Robinson, Wiley and Ackerman
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (2014)
Research Context
• 256 faculty at eight US colleges
• 194 taught using only TPM• 48 taught using only OER• 14 taught some courses using TPM,
others using OER
Methodology
• Review college bookstore website for each course
• Select the cheapest new print or new digital price from the bookstore, Amazon, and other options
Results
• On average, required TPM for a course cost US $90.61 per student
• Faculty received services supporting OER adoption valued at US $5 per student
• OER were 94% less expensive than TPM
The Tidewater Z-Degree and the INTRO Model for Sustaining OER Adoption
Wiley, Hilton, Williams, and DeMarte
Educational Policy Analysis Archives (2016)
INcreasedTuition Revenue through Open educational resources
INTRO Model
Tuition revenue retained (not refunded) due to decreases in drop rates
182 * .89 * $164.35 (in-state) * 3+ 182 * .11 * $358.95 (out-of-state) * 3
US $101,042 INTRO annually
INTRO at Tidewater
Education Policy Analysis Archives (2016)
Mad, Glad, Sad, Rad: A Framework for Evaluating the Return on Investment in Textbooks and Other Educational Materials
Wiley, Hilton, Fischer, and PuenteUnder Review
“Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing with C or Better
TPM
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$200
“Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing with C or Better
TPM
OER
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$200
metric
cost
• 6% higher Course Throughput Rate
• 2.15 credits higher enrollment intensity
• 94% lower textbook costs
• $100k tuition saved per year
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
OER-based Degrees
When elective and required courses adopt OER so a student can graduate without ever being asked to buy a textbook
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale