Open DataTechnological Citizenship& Imagined Futures

Open DataTechnological Citizenship& Imagined FuturesJune 14th, 2017

Tracey P. Lauriault

Assistant Professor, Critical Media and Big Data

Communication and Media Studies

School of Journalism and Communication

Carleton University

@traceylauriault

[email protected]

Are more than the unique arrangement of objective and politically neutral facts

&

they do not exist independently of ideas, techniques, technologies, systems, people and contexts regardless

of them being presented in that way

Data – big or small

Tracey P. Lauriault, 2012, Data, Infrastructures and

Geographical Imaginations. Ph.D. Thesis,

Carleton University, Ottawa,

http://curve.carleton.ca/theses/27431

Sociotechnical Assemblage (Kitchin 2014)

Open Data Definitions

• 1959 Antarctic Treaty• 1992 - UNCED – Agenda 21 Chapter 40,

Information for Decision Making • 1996 Global Map• 2002 – UNCED – Ageda 21 + 10 Down To Earth • 2005 - Open Knowledge Foundation (OKNF) -

11 Principles (Licence specific) • 2007 GEOSS - Data Sharing Principles for the

Global Earth Observing System of Systems• 2007 - US Open Government Working Group -

8 principles of Open Government Data • 2007 Science Commons Protocol for

Implementing Open Access Data• 2007 Sunlight Foundation - 10 Principles for

Opening Up Government Information• 2007 OECD, Principles and Guidelines for

Access to Research Data from Public Funding

• 2008 OECD, Recommendations on Public Sector Information

• 2009 W3C - Publishing Open Government Data• 2010 Tim Berners-Lee 5 Star of Open Data• 2010 Panton Principles for Open Data in

Science• 2010 Ontario Information Privacy

Commissioner - 7 Principles• 2013 Open Economics Principles• US Association of Computing Machinery

(USACM) – Recommendations on Open Government

• American Library Association (ALA) – Access to Government Information Principles

• 2013 G8 Open Data Charter• 2015 International Open Data Charter

Data SharingARTICLE III

1. In order to promote international cooperation in scientific investigation in Antarctica, as provided for in Article II of the present Treaty, the Contracting Parties agree that, to the greatest extent feasible and practicable:

(a) information regarding plans for scientific programs in Antarctica shall be exchanged to permit maximum economy and efficiency of operations;

(b) scientific personnel shall be exchanged in Antarctica between expeditions and stations;

(c) scientific observations and results from Antarctica shall be exchanged and made freely available

Earth Summit 1992, 2002

Agenda 21 – Chapter 40

INFORMATION FOR DECISION-MAKING

40.1. In sustainable development, everyone is a user and provider of information considered in the broad sense. That includes data, information, appropriately packaged experience and knowledge. The need for information arises at all levels, from that of senior decision makers at the national and international levels to the grass-roots and individual levels. The following two programme areas need to be implemented to ensure that decisions are based increasingly on sound information:

a. Bridging the data gap;

b. Improving information availability.

GEOSS

Research Data Canada

Archiving, Management and Preservation of Geospatial Data

National Consultation on Access to Scientific Data Final Report

(NCASRD)

20101990 1995 2000 2005

National Data Archive Consultation

(SSHRC)

Stewardship of Research Data in Canada: A Gap AnalysisThe dissemination of government geographic

data in Canada: guide to best practicesStanding Committee on Industry, Science and Technology

Toward a National Digital Information Strategy: Mapping the Current Situation in Canada (LAC)

Canadian Digital Information

Strategy (CDIS) (LAC)

IPY

1985

Open Data Consultations

Mapping the Data Landscape:

Report of the 2011 Canadian Research Data

Summit

Digital Economy Consultation,

Industry Canada

Community Data RoundtablePrivacy (Geo)Sensitive Data (Geo)Resolution of Canada’s Access to Information and Privacy Commissioners

Geomatics Accord SignedCanadian Geospatial Data Policy

Liberating the Data ProposalVGI PrimerCloud (Geo)OD Advisory PanelOGP

G8

• Policies

• Reports

• Proposals

• Recommendations

• Consultation

2008

2015

Int. Open Data Charter

Open Data

20101990 1995 2000 20051985 2015

Data LiberationInitiative (DLI)

Geogratis Data Portal

GeoBaseCanadian

Internet Public Policy

Clinic

Maps Data and Government Information Services

(MADGIC) Carleton U

GeoConnectionsGeoGratis

Census Data ConsortiumCanadian Association of Research Libraries(CARL)

Atlas of Canada Online (1st)

CeoNet Discovery Portal

Research Data Network

How'd they VoteCivicAccess.ca

Campaign for Open

Government(FIPA)

Canadian Association of

Public Data Users

Datalibre.ca

VisibleGovernment.caI Believe in Open Campaign

Change Camps Start

Nanaimo BC Toronto

Open Data Portals

EdmontonMississauga launches open data

Citizen FactoryB.C.'s Climate Change Data Catalogue

Open ParliamentDatadotGC.ca

Ottawa

Ottawa, Prince George, Medicine HatData.gc.ca

Global TVHansard in XML

LangleyLet the Data Flow

GovCampFed. ExpensesMontreal OuvertFed.Gov. Travel and Hospitality ExpensesLondonHamiltonWindsorOpen Data Hackfest

Aid AgencyProactive.caDataBC

Hacking Health14 CitiesQuebecOntarioOGP

3 CitiesAlberta

G8

Community Data ProgramFCM Quality of Life Reporting

System

Geographic and Numeric Information

System (GANIS)

Int. Open Data CharterODX/PSD

CODS VancouverG4+1

GO Open Data

Census

E4D

First Nations Information Governance

OCAP

Data as political platforms

Data Communities

Research/scientific

Data

GovData

GeoDataPhysical

Sciences

AdminData

Public Sector Data

NGOs

Access to Data Open Data

Social

Sciences

2005

Operations DataInfrastructural DataSensor DataSocial Media DataAI/Machine Learning Data

Smart Open Data?2015

Private Sector

IOT - Smart Cities- Precision Agriculture- Autonomous CarsSM PlatformsAlgorithmsP2P – Sharing EconomyPredictive PolicingSurveillanceDigital LabourDrones5GPublic/Private Sector Data?

Crowdsourcing

Citizen Science

Civic Teck

OCAP

Local and

Traditional

Knowledge

Data & Technological Citizenship

• Data based technological society

• Where data & technical skills & know how are a form of political discourse & action• data are more than unique arrangement of objective and politically

neutral facts

• data do not exist independently of ideas, techniques, technologies, systems, people and contexts regardless of them being presented in that way

• data are inseparable from their technological enablers – storage, computational power, network, ID, ubicomp/IOT – basically infrastructure

Data Brokers

Some #s

• Acxiom, • In 2012 23 000 servers

• 50 Trillion transactions a year

• Detailed entries for 190 Million Consumers

• 144 Million households in the US

• +/- 1500 data points per person (NyTimes 2012)

• US $300 Billion dollar industry w/Acxiom recording US $1.1 Billion in 2011

• Sells these data too Wells Fargo, HSBC, automakers and Torch Concepts w/contracts DoD

• Shift from production orientation toward marketing oriented strategies

(Roderick 2012)

Smart & Intelligent Discourse

‘Smart’ - Actors

• GE

• CISCO

• INTEL

• SIEMENS

• IBM

• Microsoft

What will be encoded?

CGDI Principles1. Open:

enables better decision making, the CGDI is based on open, barrier-free data sharing and standards that allow users to exchange data.

2. Accessible:

allows users to access data and services seamlessly, despite any complexities of the underlying technology.

3. Evolving:

the network of organizations participating in the CGDI will continue to address new requirements and business applications for information and service delivery to their respective users.

4. Timely:

the CGDI is based on technologies and services that support timely or real-time access to information.

5. Sustainable:

is sustained by the contributions of the participating organizations and broad user community and through the infrastructure’s relevance to these groups.

6. Self-organizing

the CGDI enables various organizations to contribute geospatial information, services and applications, and guide the infrastructure’s development.

7. User and community driven

emphasizes the nurturing of and service to a broad user community. These users, including Canadians in general, will drive the CGDI’s development based on user requirements.

8. Closest to source

maximizes efficiency and quality by encouraging organizations closest to source to provide data and services. Thereby eliminating duplication and overlap.

9. Trustworthy

is continually enhanced to protect sensitive and proprietary data. The CGDI offers this protection through policies and mechanisms that enable data to be assessed for quality and trusted by users.

Source: : 2012, Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure Vision, Mission and Roadmap - The Way Forward DOI:10.4095/292417

Rights & Principles

1. The right to remain natural, i.e. ‘merely’ biological and organic

2. The right to be inefficient if, when and where it defines our basic humanness

3. The right to disconnect4. The right to be, or remain anonymous5. The right to employ or engage people instead of

machines6. The right to data sovereignty7. Technological citizenship

What kind of data based technological society do we want?

What does governance look like?

How are open data & corporate responsibility related?

What do open ‘smart’ sensored cities/farms look like?

How do we act as a community of data and technological citizens for the public good?