Tensile Shear Compressive 0 1.0 0.5 4 2 0 10 6 8 Bulk density, g/cm 3 Strength, ksi ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ 3000 4000 5000 1000 0 2000 10 −2 10 −1 10 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 Ultramet SiC foam >1000 W/cm 2 at <350 K Temperature, K Heat flux, W/cm 2 Solar heating Rocket motor case, external Reentry from Earth orbit Nuclear blast (1 Mt, 1 mile) Rocket nozzle throat, internal Ballistic entry Thermal conductivity, W/m·K Temperature, °C 500 0 1000 1500 2 1 Measured in argon; bulk density 0.32 g/cm 3 Thermal expansion, ppm/°C Temperature, °C 1200 800 400 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 0 Compressive Tensile 0 1.0 0.5 4 2 0 6 8 Young’s modulus, Msi Bulk density, g/cm 3 Over Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVC) Foam Typical Physical Properties of RVC and SiC Foam Ash content 0.39 wt% at 1000 °C Bulk density 0.045 g/cm 3 Ligament density 1.538 g/cm 3 Resistivity 0.75 Ω · cm Specific heat 0.30 cal/g/°C Maximum use temperature 350 °C in air 3500 °C inert Thermal conductivity, W/m · K at 200 °C 0.085 at 300 °C 0.125 at 400 °C 0.180 at 500 °C 0.252 at 650 °C 0.407 at 800 °C 0.625 at 950 °C 0.882 Thermal expansion, ppm/°C 0–200 °C 1.15 0–500 °C 1.65 0–1000 °C 1.65 Compressive strength, kPa at 20 °C 625 (10% deflection) 763 (ultimate) at 1000 °C in argon 391 (10% deflection) 628 (ultimate) Shear strength at 20 °C 290 kPa Tensile strength at 20 °C 690 kPa Flexural strength at 20 °C 690 kPa Flexural modulus 58.6 MPa Pore sizes available (ppi): 3, 10, 20, 30, 45, 65, 80, 100 Silicon Carbide (SiC) Foam Thermal Performance of SiC Foam in Context Bulk density 0.16–1.28 g/cm³ Relative density 5–40 vol% Theoretical ligament density 3.2 g/cm³ Specific heat (10% SiC) 0.34 cal/g/°C Maximum use temperature 1650 °C in air 2500 °C inert Thermal conductivity below Thermal expansion below Young’s modulus below Strength below Strain to failure 0.07% at 20 °C Open-Cell Foam Tech Sheet
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-
Compressive
TensileTensile
Shear
Compressive
00 1.0 1.00.5 0.5
44
22
0 0
10
66
8
8
Bulk density, g/cm3
Stre
ngth
, ksi
Youn
g’s
mod
ulus
, Msi
Bulk density, g/cm3
♦
♦
♦
♦♦
♦♦
3000 4000 500010000 200010−2
10−1
10
104
103
102
101
Ultramet SiC foam >1000 W/cm2 at
-
PPI = Pores Per Inch
10090807060504030200.01
0.1
1.0
10
Pore size, ppi
∆P, i
n-H
2O
Velocity, cm/sec
∆P, m
mH
2O ∆P, psid
No foam80 ppi, 20 vol%80 ppi, 30 vol%
100 ppi, 20 vol%100 ppi, 30 vol%
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
543210
Com
pres
sive
str
engt
h, p
si
Relative density, vol%
pyC
SiC
5 10 15 20 25 30
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Compressive Strength of Foams
Surf
ace
area
, cm
2 /cm
3
Pore size, ppi
97 vol%
87 vol%
77 vol%
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
20
40
60
80
100
0
Pore size, ppi
Dia
met
er, μ
mWindow
Cell
10 20 40 60 80 1000
500
1500
2500
3500
Pressure Drop for RVC Foam1" thick sample
Without Coating
With 20-vol% or 10-vol% Coating
Pressure Drop for SiC Foam 2×3×½"sampleswithwaterflowing parallel to long axis
Pore size, ppi
∆P, i
n-H
2O
0.1
1.0
10
40 50 60 70 80 90 1003020
1 m/s
3 m/s5 m/s
1 m/s
3 m/s5 m/s
20 vol%10 vol%
Surface Area of FoamsReported surface area was average of various models and measurements.
Cell and Window Diameters vs. Pore Size97 vol%
5 m/s
3 m/s
1 m/s
Cell diameterCell structure Window diameter
Nomenclature
Pore size: pores per inch (ppi)
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