Open Annotation Overview Frankfurt Germany, 10 th of October 2011 1 Open Annotation: Social Bookmarking and Annotation of eBooks Robert Sanderson [email protected]Los Alamos National Laboratory Todd Carpenter National Information Standards Organization Peter Brantley Internet Archive http://www.openannotation.org/ This research is funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
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Open Annotation: Social Bookmarking and Annotation of eBooks
Open Annotation: Social Bookmarking and Annotation of eBooks. Robert Sanderson [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory Todd Carpenter National Information Standards Organization Peter Brantley - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Open Annotation OverviewFrankfurt Germany, 10th of October 2011
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Open Annotation:Social Bookmarking and Annotation of eBooks
Open Annotation OverviewFrankfurt Germany, 10th of October 2011
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Overview
• Introduction
• Open Annotation Model• Basics• Segments
• Publish/Subscribe Model
• Appendix: FAQ
Open Annotation OverviewFrankfurt Germany, 10th of October 2011
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Open Annotation Collaboration
• Focus on interoperable sharing of annotations:• Web-centric and open, not application specific silos• Create, consume and interact in different environments• Build from a simple model for simple cases,
to more detailed for complex requirements
• Need for standards across platforms: • Many people will want to share annotations and highlights• Even if a reader doesn’t share her annotations with others,
she will want to access them from different reading apps
Open Annotation OverviewFrankfurt Germany, 10th of October 2011
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Basic Model
The basic model has three resources:• Annotation (an RDF document)• Body (the ‘comment’ of the annotation)• Target (the resource the Body is ‘about’)
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Basic Model Example
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Segments of Resources
Most annotations are about part of a resource
Different segments for different media types:
• Text: paragraph, arbitrary span of words• Image: rectangular or arbitrary shaped area• Audio: start and end time points, track name/number• Video: area and time points• Other: slice of a data set, volume in a 3d object, …
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Segments of Resources
Web Architecture Segmentation:
• A URI with a Fragment identifies part of the resource:• IETF Mime-type fragment identifiers; eg xpointer • W3C Media Fragments URI specification for simple
segments of media: image, audio, video
OAC introduces a method of constraining resources:
• Introduce an approach for arbitrarily complex segments• Can be applied to Body or Target resource
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Complex Constraints
Fragments are often not possible:• Introduce a Constraint that describes the segment of interest• And a ConstrainedTarget that identifies the segment of interest• Constraints are resources, so can be expressive and detailed
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Constraint Example
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Annotation Protocols
Protocol: publish, subscribe, consume tied together
Unlike previous systems, Open Annotation does not mandate a protocol.
No reliance on a client/server combination gives the client autonomy to use different services as appropriate.
Instead we promote a publish/subscribe methodology, where annotations may be stored and consumed from anywhere.
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Publish/Subscribe Method
publish
We don’t specify how this transfer should occur
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publish subscribe
Publish/Subscribe Method
Nor this.
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publish subscribe consume
Publish/Subscribe Method
Nor this.
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Publish/Subscribe Advantages
• Client can use most appropriate method for transferring annotation to storage service• May already be mandated in different domains• Can use existing services without requiring them to change
• Annotations are web resources in their own right• Can be protected for restricted access using existing technology• Have their own URIs for identity
• Promotes a market-place of services, such as:• Archiving Annotations and resources for preservation• Enriching with additional metadata and information• Spam detection and filtering to provide trusted annotation feeds
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OAC for eBooks: Open Questions
• Need to have robust mechanism for determining the segment of interest:• Could be part of an image• Could be part of stable layout text• Could be part of reflowable text• Distrust of quoting passages: enough annotations and entire text
is unprotected• Distrust of offsets: change in the text and Constraint will describe
the wrong segment
• Motivating public, rather than private, annotations is important• … As is filtering spam!
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http://www.openannotation.org/
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FAQ
• Surely there's more to the model?• What about creator, modification time and so on?• I want to comment on an Annotation?• I want to annotate multiple parts at once?• How can the comment be part of the Annotation?• You mentioned URI Fragments?• How can my comment be part of another resource?
• I want to use quoted passages, but not still protect the quotes?• I want to use character offsets, but know if the segment has changed?• What about highlighting with no comment?• What about different colors and styles of highlight?• What about just marking a location, like a bookmark?
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What about Creator, Modification Time?
Any of the resources can have additional information attached, such as creator, date of creation, title, etc.
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Additional Properties Example
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I Want to Comment on an Annotation?
There can be further typing of the Annotation to clarify purpose. Example: Replies are Annotations on Annotations.
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Annotation Types Example
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I Want to Annotate Multiple Parts at Once?
Many use cases for multiple targets for a single Annotation:• Comparison of two or more resources• Making a statement that applies to all of the resources• Making a statement about multiple parts of a resource
Enabled by allowing more than one hasTarget relationship.
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Multiple Targets Example
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How can the Comment be part of the Annotation?
Content may be contained within the Annotation document:
• Important for client autonomy• Clients may be unable to mint new URIs for every resource• Clients may wish to transmit only a single document• Third parties can generate new URIs if the client does not
The W3C has a Content in RDF specification:• http://www.w3.org/TR/Content-in-RDF10/