Opening access to scientific literature: the ongoing debate and its resonance in psychiatric journals Ramkumar G Sathiaseelan Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) There is an old environmentalist slogan, “Think globally, act locally.” The success or failure of the open access movement will depend on the local actions of individual researchers. Scholars will vote with their paper submssions, with their archives, and with their participation in the publication process- Dott M C I am a publisher- a hybrid creature: one part stargazer, one part gambler,one part businessman, one part midwife and three parts optimist – Cass Canfield BACKGROUND RESULTS v v v v v Scholarly communication has traditionally been through subscriber paid print journals. With the wide spread use of the internet, the scope for dissemination of information has increased tremendously and there is a greater felt need for information that is digital and freely accessible to all. The open access approach has hence evolved and is increasingly being debated in recent times . Open access (OA) means to "remove both price and permission barriers." as said by Peter Suber ie access is not restricted by subscription nor copyright or licensing . 2 ways ahead which are complimentary to each other are recommended: q Self archiving – where peer reviewed articles (post prints- before proof reading) are deposited in open electronic archives. Many traditional journals have supported this process called as the green road to open access in which authors are so permitted under existing copyright laws. q Open access journals takes the golden road in which articles are published in dedicated journals not charging a price from the reader but looks for other sources like advertisements, author pay models etc for revenue Arguments for and against open access FOR AGAINST Wider readership- stimulate research. Online publishing can be less costly if not free as there is no profit motive. Taxpayer and funding agencies drives research , the larger public should have access to it. It is protected by copyright in the same way as conventional publications. Creative Commons Licenses allow the authors themselves to specify the exact extent of the rights of use granted. The 2009 consolidated appropriations bill, (US) many funding agencies like the Welcome Trust mandates research they sponsor to become public within 6 months to 1 year. The recently reintroduced bill The Federal Research Public Access Act of 2006 extends it to all agencies Traditional publishers are making huge profits. Majority don’t have internet, research and libraries suffer due to poor funding. HINARI gives subsidized access to low income countries. Hidden costs for facilitating peer review, copy editing and online hosting There are users who use literature extensively and can pay like the pharmaceutical industry. Lay public may not follow technical language. Authors cannot enforce their copyright if left to themselves, can fall prey to plagiarism and unscrupulous commercial use. The Fair Copyright in Research works Act which was also introduced recently seeks to nullify the open access mandate. There are scientific societies ( not for profit) which conduct a lot of activities based on income from their journal. v v v v v v v Many online journals have come up over the last decade which are fully open access. Many of them are able to do so because of external financial support from foundations. This business model will have to evolve and stand the test of time. These developments have brought about a change in the publishing policy of the publishers of traditional journals who are increasingly exploring ways to provide open access in their journals. The hybrid model is being tried by many publishers wherein the author pays for his article and it becomes freely accessible immediately on publication along with the other articles which are accessed as usual via subscription ( Prosser ,2003). The concept of open access is being increasingly accepted by forward looking publishers also to the extent that back issues from their archives are being made openly accessible after 6 months to one year of publication (delayed access). This study focuses on these two initiatives taken by traditional journals. AIM AND METHODOLOGY v V V To inform about the ongoing debate about open access to sCIENTIFIC LITERATURE TO EXPLORE THE OPEN ACCESS INITIATIVES BEING UNDERTAKEN BY TRADITIONAL JOURNALS INFORMATION IS GATHERED THROUGH LITERATURE REVIEW AND AN EXPLORATORY STUDY INTO THE PUBLICATION PRACTICES OF LEADING PSYCHIATRIC JOURNALS BY VISITING THE WEB SITES OF ALL JOURNALS THAT HAVE BEEN SHORT LISTED FOR JOURNAL CLUB IN NIMHANS AS PART OF POST GRADUATE TRAINING Journal name( total= 24) Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry Schizophrenia bulletin Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology Culture medicine and psychiatry Psychological medicine British journal of psychiatry Am journal of psychiatry Journal of clinical psychiatry Bipolar disorder, Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry (JCPP), Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences(PCN) Addiction. Journal of substance abuse treatment Biological psychiatry Journal of affective disorders Comprehensive psychiatry Schizophrenia research General hospital psychiatry Journal of psychiatric research Journal of child and adolescent psychiatry Am journal of geriatric psychiatriy Archives of general psychiatry Psychiatric services Publisher & OA initiative BMJ group, BMJ and open access Oxford publishing ‘ Open oxford Springer, Open choice Cambridge university press, Open option RCPsych APPI, Washington DC principles on OA Physician postgraduate press Inc Wiley Blackwell, Online open Elsevier Lippincott Williams, Wilkins American medical Association APPI, Washington DC principles No. of OA articles 8 45 25 nil 10 10 nil nil nil nil nil nil nil Back issues (delayed access) All up to 4 year back All up to 1 yr back nil nil nil All up to 1 year 1994 up to 1 year back nil All nil except JCPP- 2006 to 1 yr back PCN -1996 to 3yr back nil 1995- 2004 1994 – 1 yr back 1994 – 1 yr back nil 1994 – 1 yr back 1994 – 1 yr back nil 1998 to 1 yr back All upto 1 yr back DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION v v v v IJP was excluded from the analysis as it is an exclusively open access journal. Of the 24 journals 5 had published open access articles though 11 were evolving into the hybrid model of publishing. Majority of journals allowed free access to back issues older than one year. The open access approach to scientific literature is gaining greater momentum and its resonance in psychiatric journals is being felt REFERENCES 1) Barbour V, Patterson M. Open access: the view of the Public Library of Science. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 1450–3 2) David Prosser .From here to there: a proposed mechanism for transforming journals to open access. Learned Publishing.2003; 16:163-6 3) Drott, M.C. Open Access. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) v40 .2006 4) Robinson A. Open access: the view of a commercial publisher. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 1454–60 [email protected] downloaded at http://ramposters.blogspot.com
Open Access, N I M H A N S, Psychiatry
Dec 18, 2014
open acccess, psychiatry, hybrid model
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Opening access to scientific literature: the ongoingdebate and its resonance in psychiatric journals Ramkumar G SathiaseelanJunior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)
There is an old environmentalist slogan, “Think globally, act locally.” The success or failure of the open access movement will depend on the local actions of individual researchers. Scholars will vote with their paper submssions, with their archives, and with their participation in the publication process- Dott M C I am a publisher- a hybrid creature: one part stargazer, one part gambler,one part businessman, one part midwife and three parts optimist – Cass Canfield
BACKGROUND RESULTSv
v
v
v
v
Scholarly communication has traditionally been through subscriber paid print journals.With the wide spread use of the internet, the scope for dissemination of information has increased tremendously and there is a greater felt need for information that is digital and freely accessible to all.The open access approach has hence evolved and is increasingly being debated in recent times .Open access (OA) means to "remove both price and permission barriers." as said by Peter Suber ie access is not restricted by subscription nor copyright or licensing .2 ways ahead which are complimentary to each other are recommended:q Self archiving – where peer reviewed articles (post prints- before proof
reading) are deposited in open electronic archives. Many traditional journals have supported this process called as the green road to open access in which authors are so permitted under existing copyright laws.
q Open access journals takes the golden road in which articles are published in dedicated journals not charging a price from the reader but looks for other sources like advertisements, author pay models etc for revenue
Arguments for and against open access
FOR AGAINST
Wider readership- stimulate research.
Online publishing can be less costly if not free as there is no profit motive.
Taxpayer and funding agencies drives research , the larger public should have access to it.
It is protected by copyright in the same way as conventional publications. Creative Commons Licenses allow the authors themselves to specify the exact extent of the rights of use granted.
The 2009 consolidated appropriations bill, (US) many funding agencies like the Welcome Trust mandates research they sponsor to become public within 6 months to 1 year. The recently reintroduced bill The Federal Research Public Access Act of 2006 extends it to all agencies
Traditional publishers are making huge profits.
Majority don’t have internet, research and libraries suffer due to poor funding. HINARI gives subsidized access to low income countries.
Hidden costs for facilitating peer review, copy editing and online hosting
There are users who use literature extensively and can pay like the pharmaceutical industry. Lay public may not follow technical language.
Authors cannot enforce their copyright if left to themselves, can fall prey to p l a g i a r i s m a n d u n s c r u p u l o u s commercial use.
The Fair Copyright in Research works Act which was also introduced recently seeks to nullify the open access mandate.
There are scientific societies ( not for profit) which conduct a lot of activities based on income from their journal.
v
v
vv
v
v
v
Many online journals have come up over the last decade which are fully open access.Many of them are able to do so because of external financial support from foundations.This business model will have to evolve and stand the test of time.These developments have brought about a change in the publishing policy of the publishers of traditional journals who are increasingly exploring ways to provide open access in their journals.The hybrid model is being tried by many publishers wherein the author pays for his article and it becomes freely accessible immediately on publication along with the other articles which are accessed as usual via subscription ( Prosser ,2003). The concept of open access is being increasingly accepted by forward looking publishers also to the extent that back issues from their archives are being made openly accessible after 6 months to one year of publication (delayed access).This study focuses on these two initiatives taken by traditional journals.
AIM AND METHODOLOGY
v
V
V
To inform about the ongoing debate about open access to sCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
TO EXPLORE THE OPEN ACCESS INITIATIVES BEING UNDERTAKEN BY TRADITIONAL
JOURNALS
INFORMATION IS GATHERED THROUGH LITERATURE REVIEW AND AN EXPLORATORY
STUDY INTO THE PUBLICATION PRACTICES OF LEADING PSYCHIATRIC JOURNALS BY
VISITING THE WEB SITES OF ALL JOURNALS THAT HAVE BEEN SHORT LISTED FOR
JOURNAL CLUB IN NIMHANS AS PART OF POST GRADUATE TRAINING
Journal name( total= 24)
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry
Schizophrenia bulletin
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
Culture medicine and psychiatry
Psychological medicine
British journal of psychiatry
Am journal of psychiatry
Journal of clinical psychiatry
Bipolar disorder,Acta psychiatrica scandinavica,Journal of child psychology and psychiatry (JCPP),Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences(PCN)Addiction.
Journal of substance abuse treatment
Biological psychiatry
Journal of affective disordersComprehensive psychiatry
Schizophrenia research
General hospital psychiatry
Journal of psychiatric research
Journal of child and adolescent psychiatry
Am journal of geriatric psychiatriy
Archives of general psychiatry
Psychiatric services
Publisher & OA initiative
BMJ group,BMJ and open access
Oxford publishing ‘Open oxford
Springer,Open choice
Cambridge university press, Open option
RCPsych
APPI, Washington DC principles on OA
Physician postgraduate press Inc
Wiley Blackwell,Online open
Elsevier
LippincottWilliams, Wilkins
American medical Association
APPI, Washington DC principles
No. of OA articles
8
45
25
nil
10
10
nil
nil
nil
nil
nil
nil
nil
Back issues (delayed access)All up to 4 year back
All up to 1 yr back
nil
nil
nil
All up to 1 year
1994 up to 1 year back
nil
All nil exceptJCPP- 2006 to 1 yr backPCN -1996 to 3yr back
nil
1995- 2004
1994 – 1 yr back
1994 – 1 yr back
nil
1994 – 1 yr back
1994 – 1 yr back
nil
1998 to 1 yr back
All upto 1 yr back
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
vv
vv
IJP was excluded from the analysis as it is an exclusively open access journal. Of the 24 journals 5 had published open access articles though 11 were evolving into the hybrid model of publishing. Majority of journals allowed free access to back issues older than one year.The open access approach to scientific literature is gaining greater momentum and its resonance in psychiatric journals is being felt
REFERENCES
1) Barbour V, Patterson M. Open access: the view of the Public Library of Science. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 1450–3
2) David Prosser .From here to there: a proposed mechanism for transforming journals to open access. Learned Publishing.2003; 16:163-6
3) Drott, M.C. Open Access. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) v40 .2006
4) Robinson A. Open access: the view of a commercial publisher. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 1454–60
[email protected] downloaded at http://ramposters.blogspot.com
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