Open Access Explained

Going for Gold and Greener Pastures Open Access Explained

Lisa Kruesi Helen Morgan and Andrew Heath

Scholarly Publishing and Digitisation Service

Open Access Week October 2012

Session Objectives

bull Introduction to open access (OA) bull Setting the scene bull Situation at UQ

ndash eSpace amp green OA ndash Development of OA research data

bull Opportunities amp pitfalls

bull Who to contact at UQ Library for help

Open Access Logo Art designer at PLoS modified by Wikipedia users Nina Beao and JakobVoss httpenwikipediaorgwikiOpen_access

Open Access (OA) Definition bull OA literature is digital free of most copyright and licensing

restrictions bull Focus on peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles via Internet bull There are two different ways of obtaining open accessibility to

scientific research results Green and Gold bull OA is also increasingly being provided to data books and book

chapters conference papers theses working papers and preprints

bull Open content is similar to OA but may include the right to modify the work

bull While open access relies on the consent of copyright holders to share their work making material open access will not deprive copyright holders of any rights Copyright laws still apply

1 Open Access Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia Wikimedia Foundation Inc 18 June 2012 Web 3 September 2012 available httpenwikipediaorgwikiOpen_access 2 Suber Peter Open Access Cambridge MA MIT Press 2012

Open Access (OA) Definition

bull Green Self Archiving - authors publish in a journal and archives a freely available version of the manuscript in their institutions repository or in a national repository (for example PubMed Central) or post them on other OA sites Green journal publishers are those that allow self-archiving

bull Gold OA journals provide free immediate access to the articles via publisher web sites that may or may not carry author fees The Public Library of Science (PLOS) is an example

bull There are hybrid OA journals providing Gold OA for authors who pay an up-front-fee to publish on their journalrsquos web site

Worldrsquos first scientific journal

Source ARL Statistics 2006-2007 Association of Research Libraries Washington DC includes electronic resources from 1999-2000 onward

1990s+ 2000+ 2001 2008-2009 1970-1990s 2012

Access shifts from personal subscriptions towards library- provided access Tenopir C

Many Universities set up research repositories to record amp store research outputs by University staff and students

Most libraries need to cancel journals to pay for new subscriptions

Sales of large portfolios of e-journals content (lsquobig-dealsrsquo) to libraries via consortia deals is the predominant way research content is purchased

Open access emerges led by scholars to make publicly funded research available to all The Budapest Open Access Iniative occurs Creative Commons founded

There is a patchy-approach world-wide to establishing funding schemes to pay for OA author fees at universities

Scholarly Publishing Trends

Australian Government invests $26 million to establish digital repositories in Universities

New model Subscriber pays bull Journals paid for by

readers libraries and institutions

bull Payment by annual

subscription consortia deal page charges

bull One-off payments for specific issues or a fee for article delivery (pay per view)

bull Licensed content

bull Content is restricted

User pays

bull Publication paid for by the author the authorrsquos institution or research grant

bull Payment is via an Author Processing Charge (APC)

bull Payments are transparent

bull Publisher can be the author

bull No access restrictions

bull Subject to Copyright Act Creative Commons

Solomon D J amp Bjoumlrk B C (2012) A study of open access journals using article processing charges Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 63(8) 1485-1495

Budapest Open Access Initiative

ldquoOpen access is economically feasible it gives readers extraordinary power to find and make use of relevant literature and it gives authors and their works vast and measurable new visibility readership and impactrdquo

httpwwwsorosorgopenaccess

Go To This Video httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=GMIY_4t-DR0 License Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Set the Scene Sign Here

Growth peer-reviewed OA journals

How can the UQ Library help bull UQ eSpace

ndash Research outputs including UQ research higher degree theses

ndash Text Queensland ndash Digilib

bull Advice amp updates (Copyright amp Library Lawyer) bull The Libraryrsquos web site for access bull eScholarship research data publishing impact

blog bull UQ Library Catalogue

httpwwwlibraryuqeduauresearch-supportopen-access-week

httpwwwsherpaacukromeosearchphp

Top ten journals from Thomson Reuters JCRWeb General amp Internal Medicine 2011 Myriad of options

Medicine General amp Internal 2011 Abbreviated Journal Title ISSN Total Cites Impact Factor Open Access Status

OA 1990+ research articles free after 6 mths BLUE 1 NEW ENGL J MED 0028-4793 232068 53298

GREEN 2 LANCET 0140-6736 158906 38278

WHITE 3 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 0098-7484 117668 30026

WHITE 4 ANN INTERN MED 0003-4819 45683 16733

GOLD 5 PLOS MED 1549-1277 12574 16269

GREEN 6 BRIT MED J 0959-535X 74759 14093

WHITE 3 ARCH INTERN MED 0003-9926 37598 11462

WHITE 3 CAN MED ASSOC J 0820-3946 11413 8217

GOLD 9 BMC MED 1741-7015 1835 6035

BLUE 10 COCHRANE DB SYST REV 1469-493X 29593 5715 RoMEO Colour Archiving policy Green Can archive pre-print and post-print or publishers versionPDF Blue Can archive post-print (ie final draft post-refereeing) or publishers versionPDF Yellow Can archive pre-print (ie pre-refereeing) White Archiving not formally supported Gold

National licence paid for in Australian by the NHMRC

Independent of OA

bull Journals can be more open or less open But there degree of openness is independent from their

Impact Prestige Quality of Peer Review Peer Review Methodology Sustainability Effect on Tenure amp Promotion Article Quality Taken from HowOpenIsIt httpwwwlibraryuqeduauresearch-supportwhat-open-access-publishing

Where to publish Identifying publishing opportunities

bull Decide early (before drafting the paper) Look for a journal and then write the paper

bull Look for journals that have published in your discipline area bull Consider journals that have published work you cite bull Audience ndash who will read your article bull Prestige ndash does the journal appear on the ERA journal listings bull Predatory Publishers List bull Checklist for evaluation bull Access ndash will you publish in an open access journal bull Impact ndash refers to how often a journalrsquos content is cited by other

authors thereby giving an indication of the influence of a publication bull Likelihood of acceptance ndash top tier vrsquos less prestigious journals bull Does it cost to publish in the journal bull More details Where to Publish Your Journal Article and the

Open Access Spectrum (OAS) HowOpenIsIt Guide

Open Access - Evolving bull BioMed Central (BMC) bull Of the 265 journal titles listed within BMC 192 (72) appear

on the ERA 2012 Journal List

bull The Wellcome Trust has teamed up with the Max Planck Society in Germany and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the US to set up a new open-access journal called eLife

bull According to the new editor the journal will take on the very top end of the scientific publishing industry as a visible high-profile competitor to Nature and Scienceldquo

bull PLOS Medicine is number five in the top Medicine General amp Internal ndash JCRWeb 2011 ndash Impact Factor 163

bull More details Open Access

Processing fee 15 payable by UQ

Amount payable by author

AUS $1841 AUS $275 AUS $1566

Addendum

bull All OA journals and 70 non-OA journal allow authors to self archive their peer reviewed post prints - for the remaining journals an authors addendum can be used to vary the terms of a publication agreement

bull UQ Addendum on the UQ Library OA website

Mandates bull UK Wellcome Trust and the Research Councils (2006) bull US National Institute of Health (2007) bull

bull Australia National Health and Medical Research Council

(2012) ndash The Australian Government makes a major investment in research to

support its essential role in improving the wellbeing of our society To maximise the benefits from research publications resulting from research activities must be disseminated as broadly as possible to allow access by other researchers and the wider community NHMRC acknowledges that researchers take into account a wide range of factors in deciding on the best outlets for publications arising from their research

bull And More

Policy transforming open access

bull Stronger version of the UK Research Councils OA policy

bull Most of the OA Finch Report recommendations accepted UK government

bull Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) plan to require OA research be submitted to the next Research Excellence Framework in 2014

bull European Commission make OA general principle for their Horizon Plans 2014-20

bull Australian Research Council 2012

What is UQ eSpace bull A place to record and showcase UQ research

publications raising visibility and accessibility bull An institutional repository for

ndash open access publications ndash other digitised materials such as photographs

audio videos manuscripts and other original works ndash UQ Research Higher Degree Theses + some others

bull The single authoritative source for the publication outputs of UQ systems internal systems such as Q-Index and UQ Researchers (and those currently under development)

bull Provides data for reporting requirements such as ERA and HERDC

What is in eSpace Document type Total records OA records Journal Article 94965 4245 Conference Papers 36486 2608 Book Chapters 10127 431 Theses 9681 550 Images 5515 5515 Books 5343 575

7484 theses - UQ staff and students only Other documents types include Research Reports Preprints Working Papers Creative Works Designs Audio and Videos

espacelibraryuqeduau

How do records get into eSpace bull Weekly downloads from Web of Science ndash

publications with UQ as the nominated institution

bull Automatic downloads from Researcher ID accounts

bull Manual entry via the My UQ eSpace page (by staff and Unit Public

bull RHD Theses ndash electronic upload is compulsory

MY UQ eSpace

bull My Research ndash lists publications linked to the authorrsquos Aurion ID

bull Possibly My Research ndash lists records not yet linked to an id but where there is a name match

bull Add Missing Publication ndash allows researcher to add publications not yet in eSpace

Flow of records to other systems

bull Q ndash Index ndash updated daily from eSpace (this includes records not yet published in eSpace)

bull UQ reSEARCHers ndash updated daily only includes published records

bull Used in HERDC and ERA submissions as required

Benefits of UQ eSpace

bull UQ eSpace Data is harvested by major search engines

bull Page views and Download statistics recorded bull Access Scopus and WOS citation counts bull Supported and ongoing access to your research publications bull Researcher homepage (httpespacelibraryuqeduaue1mlu) bull ResearcherID integration (updates and links) bull Unique Author ID bull Accurate data for reporting and individual research reporting (eg Q-Index)

UQ eSpace ndash future developments

bull OA support ndash SherpaRomeo integration ndash UQDI project (800 items to be added) ndash NHMRC OA mandate

bull Automated Scopus downloads bull Author ID linking (ORCID Scorcid ResearcherID) bull Development of UQ OA policy and considerations

for OA theses

Green Repositories

PubMedCentral 24 million

arXiv (physics) 766772 (230 records added daily)

RePEC (Research Papers in Economics) 1 million documents (333 added

daily)

Social Sciences Research Network (350000 fulltext docs)

doab (directory of open access books) httpwwwdoabooksorgdoab

There are more Registry of Open Access Repositories

Video ndash Green versus Gold + Benefits of OA

httpwwwoclcorgoaister 23 million records

Development of OA Research Data Open Data is the idea that certain data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish without restrictions from copyright patents or other mechanisms of control The concept of open access to scientific data was institutionally established with the formation of the World Data Centre system in 1957-1958 World Data Centres were established by the International Council for Science to minimize the risk of data loss and to maximize data accessibility While the open-science-data movement long predates the Internet the availability of fast ubiquitous networking has significantly changed the context since publishing and obtaining data has become much less expensive and time-consuming

Open Data Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia Wikimedia Foundation Inc 18 June 2012 Web 28 August 2012 available httpenwikipediaorgwikiOpen_data

Why make research data OA

The Denton Declaration An Open Data Manifesto

bull Open access to research data is critical for advancing science scholarship and society

bull Research data when repurposed has an accretive value

bull Publicly funded research should be publicly available for public good

bull Transparency in research is essential to sustain the public trust

bull The validation of research data by the peer community is an essential function of the responsible conduct of research

bull Managing research data is the responsibility of a broad community of stakeholders including researchers funders institutions libraries archivists and the public

The Denton Declaration An Open Data Manifesto The University of North Texas Web 23 Oct 2012 available httpopenaccessuntedudenton_declaration

Why make research data OA Benefits to researchers -

bull Increase how visible your research is bull Preserve your data bull Meet funding requirements bull Stop duplication of effort bull Further the advance of science bull Support Open Access

bull Data sharing has the potential to increase citations of your work The authors

of one study1 established that publicly available data was associated with a 69 increase in citations independent of journal impact factor date of publication and author country of origin

1 Piwowar HA Day RS Fridsma DB 2007 lsquoSharing Detailed Research Data is Associated with Increased Citation Ratersquo PLoS ONE 2(3) e308 DOI 101371journalpone0000308

OA research data Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of

Research ldquoPolicies are required that address the ownership of research materials and data their

storage their retention beyond the end of the project and appropriate access to them by the research communityrdquo

Funding bodies The NHMRC revised policy for the dissemination of research findings came into effect on 1 July 2012 The NHMRC requires that any publications arising from an NHMRC

supported research project must be deposited into an open access institutional repository within a twelve month period from the date of publication

Journal requirements Publishing in a Nature journal

ldquohellip authors are required to make materials data and associated protocols promptly available to readersrdquo

Nature Publishing Group

Open Data - The Future

copy ANDS 2011

Open Data From a Nature News special on Data Sharing

ldquoResearch cannot flourish if data are not preserved

and made accessible All concerned must act accordinglyrdquo

ldquoData management should be woven into every course in science as one of the foundations of

knowledgerdquo Editorial Datas Shameful Neglect (10 September 2009) Nature 461 145 doi101038461145a Published online 9 September 2009 Corrected 23 September 2009

Present situation

bull Taxpayersrsquo fund research bull New knowledge not available to all bull Researchers do the intellectual work ndash writing amp peer

review bull Publishers make huge profits bull Established journals often have prestige (high impact

factor) bull Small number of dominant publishers bull Evidence OA results in increased impact bull Significant increase in OA journals bull Mandates amp policy developments

Opportunities Pitfalls amp Way Forward bull Prof Matthew Brownrsquos videos

Part 1 Importance of Open Access to Discovery httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=R0PWU_VRxoA

bull Series of Scholarly Publishing Videos including Open Access httpwwwyoutubecomplaylistlist=PL00C07719206487B3ampfeature=plcp

bull Vanity Publishing amp Predatory Publishers List ndash OMICS case

example bull Summed up Whither Science Publishing httpthe-

scientistcom20120801whither-science-publishing bull Open Access Week Oct 22-28 2012 bull Academic Paper

Inescapable conclusions

bull Argued an open access publishing system would be less costly than the current system less time-consuming and cumbersome for users since complicated authentication systems can go and users could be assured a full-text copy of whatever research they need

bull Open access would not only guarantee access to current scholarship but would also safeguard the long term archiving of the existing body of scholarly research literature

The Future

It is predicted that Gold OA will account for 50 percent of the scholarly journal articles sometime between 2017 and 2021 and 90 percent of articles as soon as 2020 and more conservatively by 2025 Lewis D W (2012) The Inevitability of Open Access College amp Research Libraries 73(5) 493-506

Who to contact bull UQ Libraryrsquos Research Information Service

bull Copyright questions

bull eSpace questions

bull General enquiries

bull Lisa Kruesi Andrew Heath amp Helen Morgan