Alek Tarkowski Centrum Cyfrowe Projekt: Polska Creative Commons Poland Open Access as an element of an "Open All" approach - policies and practices.
Aug 29, 2014
Alek Tarkowski
Centrum Cyfrowe Projekt: Polska
Creative Commons Poland
Open Access as an element of an "Open All" approach - policies and practices.
Open …. ?
• OA has developed multiple standards, tools, models that can be reused in other sectors
„Open All”
• Not necessarily applicable to every bit of content
• Di"erent from Wikipedia’s access to all knowledge
• Rather creation of norms for all types of content / all #elds of creativity / knowledge creation (to which exceptions can exist)
„Open All”
• Open = Access to Content + User Rights
• Everyone has a particular point of entry / point of reference
• Access vs. (Re)use – the latter more problematic
„Open All”
• Free / Open Software • Open Access … and Open Science • Open education (HE, K-12,
preschool) • Open data: Public Sector Information,
Public Data • Open GLAM: heritage, cultural sector
content
„Open All”
• An ongoing, gradual extension of the open model / philosophy to all spheres of activity.
• What is the key area of activity? • Is „open convergence” possible,
towards a single standard of open? • What are key areas of activity? • What are strategic areas of activity?
From grassroots activity to top-down policies
• „Open anything” begins with grassroots activity and develops into a policy debate over time • Open data / PSI an obvious outlier
From grassroots activity to top-down policies
• Policies provide strong leverage for implementation of open standards
• Public character (funding) of content a strong argument for openness: the commons / public infrastructure
• Policies lack the element of personal, voluntary decision – but are an expression of a consensus as to the „management” of common resources
point of reference: OA
• Advantages: • Mature content production and distribution
model (also from an economic perspective) • 20+ years of experience w/ implementation • Precise goals / tools / theory of change –
„modest” in a good sense (vs. open science) • Clear institutional policy model • Challenges: • (relatively) low attention paid to licensing • Low content reuse
point of reference: OER
• Advantages: • Clear arguments about importance of reuse • Greater potential for grassroots involvement • Challenges: • Less mature implementation model
• Tools / standards for OER • Ongoing licensing debate • More varied content makes developing a theory
of change di$cult • Reuse: high potential / still little proof
Open all: template
• Repositories • Metadata • Author / publisher /
intermediary compliance • Legal / licensing standards • Use / reuse practices (by users)
LAW
Licensing debate
• Strong open licensing is crucial for OER and other areas, where reuse is of key importance
• Good reasons to include open licesing in standards for *any* area
• Public funding – strong argument for fully open licensing
• Open Knowledge De#nition as a underlying / uni#ying mechanism for standards negotiation
Poland
Poland: Open Textbooks
• Context: OER in Poland in last 5 years • Coalition for Open Education (KOED) • Public OER projects • Grassroots activities • 2012: Open Textbooks project
• CC BY + WCAG + open format • No policy behind it
Open Public Resources Act
• General model from the „Open textbooks” project
• Complimentary to Public Sector Information rules -> together would form a general open norm for public content
• Inspiration drawn from AUSGOAL and NZGOAL frameworks
• 2013: Bill proposal
Open Public Resources Act
• Beyond PSI access / reuse rules • Public or publicly funded (50%?) • Transfer of rights or co-ownership of
rights to a work (instead of licensing, a major point of contention)
• Three tiers of openness + opt-out clause
• Embargo period
Poland: State of OA?
Beyond the licensing debate
• EU: 2013: Licences for Europe • The example of Text and Data Mining
(licensing vs. Open Access vs. copyright exception)
• Risk of using the existence of open licensing models as an excuse for lack of copyright reform – example of Elsevier Content Mining Policy
Beyond the licensing debate: CC
Beyond the licensing debate: CC
• We are dedicated stewards of our licenses and tools […] But the CC vision—universal access to research and education and full participation in culture—will not be realized through licensing alone.
• CC licenses are not a substitute for users’ rights, and CC supports ongoing efforts to reform copyright law to strengthen users’ rights and expand the public domain.
Europe: Open all?
• OA: Framework Programs -> Horizon 20202
• OER: „Opening Up Educaton” • Open data: Reuse Directive • But also … Copyright Directive:
exceptions & limitations
Openwashing
• MOOC (MOPENOC) • Mark Lester – how are MOOCs open:
• Non-selective • Not tied to physical location • No limitations on number of students • Non full-time, no long commitment • Low or no cost
• MFLEXIBLEOC? • Why don’t MOOCs „get” openness?
Thank you!