OPAG Report on ESO Workshop - Lunar and Planetary ......OPAG Report on ESO Workshop Santiago, Chile March 2015 Stefanie Milam NASA/GSFC August 26, 2015 Credit: NASA and E. Karkoschka

OPAG Report on ESO Workshop

Santiago, Chile March 2015

Stefanie Milam NASA/GSFC

August 26, 2015

Credit: NASA and E. Karkoschka (University of Arizona)

Scientific Organising Committee Bryan Butler (NRAO) Christophe Dumas (ESO) Ed Fomalont (NRAO/ALMA) Kate Isaak (ESA) Detlef Koschny (ESA) Theodor Kostiuk (NASA GSFC) Claudio Melo (ESO) Stefanie Milam (NASA GSFC) Arielle Moullet (NRAO) Imke de Pater (University of California, Berkeley) Brad Sandor (Space Science Institute) Rita Schulz (ESA) Manuela Sornig (University of Cologne) Pierre Vernazza (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) Eric Villard (ALMA, Chile; chair) Thomas Widemann (Observatoire de Paris-Meudon) Olivier Witasse (ESA, co-chair) Local Organising Committee José Gallardo María Eugenia Gómez Paulina Jirón Michaël Marsset Eric Villard

66 international participants http://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2015/Planets2015.html#par_title

Further explore the synergies between these two ways of exploring space, and to foster collaboration between both communities by sharing scientific and technical knowledge, needs, requirements, and techniques. • Giant Planet Atmospheres; Atmospheres of terrestrial planets

and moons; Asteroids, TNOs, comets; Exoplanets; Ground Support

Capabilities of major ground and space based observatories were discussed. Including: • ALMA, SMA, JCMT, CSO, Balloons, Mars Express, Venus

Express, Exomars TGO, VLA, VLBA, GBT, SOFIA, DSN, Galileo, Cassini, Juno, VLT, Gemini, Keck, NASA IRTF, Rosetta, IRAM 30m, PdBI/NOEMA, HST, JWST, New Horizons

Purpose and Scope

Outer Planet Presentations

11:00 - 12:30 Science session 1: Giant planet atmospheres (Bryan Butler)

11:00 - 11:30

Dynamics, Composition and Chemistry of the Giant Planets (invited) Leigh Fletcher

11:30 - 11:45 Longitude-resolved VLA Radio Maps of Jupiter Imke de Pater

11:45 - 12:00 The deep cloud structure of Jovian planets derived from 5-micron spectra Gordon Bjoraker

12:00 - 12:15

Long-term Observations of Jovian Mid-Infrared Aurora, Hydrocarbon Abundances and Temperature: Ground-based and Space based Comparison Theodor Kostiuk

Satellite Presentations

11:45 - 12:00 Probing Titan's atmospheric chemistry and dynamics: Cassini/ALMA synergy Martin Cordiner

12:00 - 12:15 Constraining the volcanic contribution to Io's atmosphere with ALMA maps Arielle Moullet

12:15 - 12:30 Investigating variability in Io's volcanic activity and surface frosts Katherine de Kleer

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Courtesy: A. Moullet

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Courtesy: A. Moullet Courtesy: A. Moullet

Challenges

SPACECRAFT • Close-in views (lack spatial context) • Short duration (lack temporal

context) • Long cruise & power • Limited telemetry • Once-a-generation • ‘Yesterdays’ technology.

OBSERVATORIES • Tellurics, gaps, weather. • Calibration. • Large (1 arcmin) moving targets. • Low signal. • Spatial resolution. • Instrument availability • Intense competition.

GENERAL • Wavelength coverage incomplete, non-contemporary. • Insufficient temporal sampling for giant planet variability. • Degeneracies in interpretation

Credit: L. Fletcher

Leigh N. Fletcher, ESO Planetary Science Observatories, March 2015 9

Summary of Synergies Today • Multi-wavelength

characterization of environmental conditions (aurorae, chemistry, circulation, meteorology, seasons). – Maintain capability across

spectrum. • Rapid response to impacts,

plumes, storms – Maintain DDT route.

• Long-baseline studies for belt/zone life cycle, seasonal change. – “Monitoring” (aka time-

domain science) is NOT a dirty word.

Hubble clouds versus VLT temperatures, Fletcher et al. (2010)

“Titan – A Poster Child for Distant Bodies with Atmospheres”

Adapted from: A. Moullet and M. Mumma

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“The Cutting Edge Today”

Composition: elemental, chemical, isotopic Morphology: continuum & spectral lines 3-D spatial: longitude, latitude, altitude (RA, Dec, line-of-sight) 1-D temporal: evolution (diurnal, seasonal, inter-annual) Pan-spectral – UV, optical, IR, sub-mm, mm high resolution (spectral & spatial)

Credit: M. Mumma

*Not including Mars.

Discussion Points • Considered current/upcoming missions and see what

support is needed for them. • What instrumentation is needed for supporting new

missions? • Need for balance: broad band coverage is

complimentary with high resolution. Today – we don’t have much of this. We need astronomers to get on board with these needs.

• Ground-based campaigns and support from facilities. • A letter to ALMA has been prepared.

• Coordinated campaigns – 1) Deep Impact and Hartley 2 2) campaign organized for ISON and Siding Spring – sponsored in planetary astronomy served as a clearing house for monitoring campaigns.

• Leveraging “campaigns” through TACs – Proposal pressure – Coordinated proposals/observations – Mission support

Discussion Points

End.