Ontology Inferencing Ontology Inferencing Rules and Operations in Rules and Operations in Conceptual Structure Conceptual Structure Theory Theory Philip Nguyen Ph.D., Ph.D., Principal Technical Specialist, Principal Technical Specialist, Dept of Justice, SA Government Dept of Justice, SA Government Ken Kaneiwa Ph.D., Associate Professor, Iwate University, Japan Ph.D., Associate Professor, Iwate University, Japan Minh-Quang Nguyen Ph.D., Ph.D., University of Quebec at Montreal, University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada Canada Sixth Australasian Ontology Workshop (AOW 2010), Adelaide, 7 Dec. 2010
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Ontology Inferencing Rules and Operations in Conceptual Structure Theory
Ontology Inferencing Rules and Operations in Conceptual Structure Theory. Philip Nguyen Ph.D., Principal Technical Specialist, Dept of Justice, SA Government Ken Kaneiwa Ph.D., Associate Professor, Iwate University, Japan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ontology Inferencing Rules Ontology Inferencing Rules and Operations in Conceptual and Operations in Conceptual
Structure TheoryStructure Theory
Philip Nguyen Ph.D.,Ph.D., Principal Technical Specialist, Principal Technical Specialist, Dept of Justice, SA GovernmentDept of Justice, SA Government
Ken Kaneiwa Ph.D., Associate Professor, Iwate University, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Iwate University, JapanJapan
Minh-Quang Nguyen Ph.D., Ph.D., University of Quebec at Montreal, CanadaUniversity of Quebec at Montreal, Canada
Peter is a man: • concept type: Man • instance of concept type: [Man: Peter]• expressed in first-order logic: x{Man} x=Peter
Peter is son of Mary and Joe: • relation type: isSonOf (Man, Woman, Man) • instance of relation type: isSonOf (Man: Peter, Woman: Mary, Man: Joe)• expressed in first-order logic:
Relation or meta-relation instance - - - - Generalized(+++)
Relation or meta-relation instance arguments
- - - - Generalized(+++)
Relation or meta-relation instance properties
- - - - Generalized(+++)
Relation or meta-relation type argument properties
Inherited(*)
- Inherited (*) Inherited (***)
-
Introduction Ontology Definition
Proposed Ontology Formalism
Concept, Relation &
Meta-Relation
Arguments & Propagation Rules
ApplicationsApplications ConclusionConclusion
23
Non-Propagation RulesNon-Propagation RulesRule Name Short Description
Non-Generalization of Type Properties into Supertype Properties
Subtype properties are NOT generalized into supertype properties (but subtype properties inherit from supertype properties)
Non-Generalization of Type Argument Properties into Supertype Argument Properties
Subtype argument properties are NOT generalized into supertype argument properties (but subtype argument properties inherit from supertype argument properties)
Non-Generalization of Instance Properties into Type Properties
Instance properties are NOT generalized (nor inherited) by type properties (but instance properties inherit from type properties)
Non-Inheritance of Instance Properties by Subtype Instance
Instance properties are NOT inherited by a subtype instance (but instance properties can be generalized into a supertype instance)
Introduction Ontology Definition
Proposed Ontology Formalism
Concept, Relation &
Meta-Relation
Arguments & Propagation Rules
ApplicationsApplications ConclusionConclusion
24
Query Answering SystemQuery Answering System (meteorological ontologies)
Fact: Hurricane (Cyclone) Katrina hit Louisiana in August
2005
Question: Was there an extreme atmospheric air pressure
Query-Answering SystemQuery-Answering System (legal reasoning)
Database Fact:Database Fact: John’s parents are in jail.John’s parents are in jail.
Questions:Questions: Is John being monitored by a welfare agency? Is John being monitored by a welfare agency? Does John have a Police record? Does John have a Police record?
Introduction Ontology Definition
Proposed Ontology Formalism
Concept, Relation &
Meta-Relation
Arguments & Propagation Rules
Applications ConclusionConclusion
27
Query-Answering SystemQuery-Answering System (legal reasoning)
Database Fact:Database Fact: John’s parents are in jail.John’s parents are in jail.
Questions:Questions: Is John being monitored by a welfare agency? Is John being monitored by a welfare agency? Does John have a Police record? Does John have a Police record?
Ontological Facts:Ontological Facts: Any offender would have a record with Police.Any offender would have a record with Police. Children in a dysfunctional family are more likely to offend.Children in a dysfunctional family are more likely to offend. Children in a family whose parents are often absent are Children in a family whose parents are often absent are
monitored by a welfare agency (for possible assistance).monitored by a welfare agency (for possible assistance).
Introduction Ontology Definition
Proposed Ontology Formalism
Concept, Relation &
Meta-Relation
Arguments & Propagation Rules
Applications ConclusionConclusion
28
DysfunctionalFamily
FamilyWithParentsInJail
monitors
Offence
PoliceRecord
hasAttribute
likelyCauses
WelfareAgency
hasAttribute
Person: John
FamilyWithAbsentParents
Ontology-based ReasoningOntology-based Reasoning
Introduction Ontology Definition
Proposed Ontology Formalism
Concept, Relation &
Meta-Relation
Arguments & Propagation Rules
Applications ConclusionConclusion
29
ConclusionConclusionProposed Ontology Formalism according to Conceptual Structure Theory with emphasis on: Relations and Meta-relations Arguments Rules for propagation and non-propagation of arguments
Applications: Implementing a domain ontology using existing database
technologies (such as relational database systems) Query-answering systems Semantic Web
Future Work: Comparison with other approaches (in particular DL) regarding