Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): What it is & What it can do for you Knowledge Management & Eskind Biomedical Library January 27, 2012 helen naylor [email protected] 936.3103
Jan 03, 2016
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM):What it is & What it can do for you
Knowledge Management & Eskind Biomedical LibraryJanuary 27, 2012
helen [email protected]
936.3103
ObjectivesQuick review of Central Dogma
◦Define termsFamiliarize with OMIM:
◦Gene record◦Phenotype record◦Additional features◦Links to other databases/resources
Central Dogma of Biology…
Flow of genetic information
DNA RNA Protein translationtranscription
Genotype Phenotype
Genes & Genetic concepts…Gene: A hereditary unit consisting of a
sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.
Genetics: the study of single genesGenome: all the genetic information of an organism
AllelesAllele: One of two or more forms of a gene2 copies of each gene
◦ One from mom; one from dad◦ If they are the same, homozygous◦ If different, heterozygous
Hh Hh
HH hh
Homozygote
HH HH
HH HH
Heterozygote
Genotype & PhenotypeGenotype
◦Genetic constitution of an individual◦Specific allele make up of an individual
Phenotype◦Expression of the genotype◦ Individual's observable traits◦Hair color, eye color, height
Central Dogma of BiologyEpigeneticsErrors in DNA sequence
◦ SNP (small nucleotide polymorphisms)◦ CNV (copy number variations)
Enzyme issues (missing, mistakes)Splicing issuesProtein amino acid substitutions
◦ Incomplete translation◦ Incorrectly folded protein◦Reduced/no function
DNA (genotype)
RNA
Protein (phenotype)
transcription
translation
A catalog of human genes and genetic disordersCurated database containing descriptions of relationship
between phenotypes, their genes, and variations including◦ Small Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)◦ Copy number variations (CNVs)
Maintained at Johns Hopkins University Updated daily
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man® (OMIM®)
OMIM®
Two types of entries: ◦ phenotype entries ◦ gene entries
Selected allelic variants are included in gene entries— Those contributing to a disease, with a high frequency, a distinctive phenotype, or some other clinical significance
Each entry is assigned a six digit number, usually preceded by a symbol which indicates the type of record
Records contain useful links to various databases including gene, protein and clinical resources
Search by gene, disease, primary symptom, drug…
OMIM® OMIM via NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim)
Screenshot from NCBI OMIM. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim. Accessed 1/11/2012.
OMIM.org http://www.omim.org/
Thank you!